Biesenthal
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Coordinates: 52 ° 46 ' N , 13 ° 38' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Brandenburg | |
| County : | Barnim | |
| Office : | Biesenthal-Barnim | |
| Height : | 50 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 60.92 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 5869 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 96 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 16359 | |
| Area code : | 03337 | |
| License plate : | BAR, BER, EW | |
| Community key : | 12 0 60 024 | |
| LOCODE : | DE GZA | |
| City structure: | 1 district | |
City administration address : |
Am Markt 1 16359 Biesenthal |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Carsten Bruch ( CDU ) | |
| Location of the city of Biesenthal in the Barnim district | ||
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Biesenthal is a town in the Barnim district in Brandenburg, part of the Biesenthal-Barnim district .
geomorphology
Geomorphologically , the region was shaped essentially in the Vistula Glaciation around 15,000 years ago. In the south-west of the municipality, the glacial character in the nature reserve Biesenthaler Becken is particularly recognizable by means of many tongue basin lakes.
City structure
The district of Danewitz , which was incorporated in 2003, belongs to the city of Biesenthal .
Living spaces are Dewinsee settlement, Eiserbude, light mill priests Pfuhl settlement, settlement, Barbican, Wehr Mill and Wullwinkel.
history
From the establishment of the settlement to the end of the 17th century
Biesenthal is a former agricultural town , still recognizable today in the old town by the stable and farm buildings on the courtyard side.
The area around Biesenthal was a Slavic settlement area until the 10th century, which was conquered by the Ascanians . The place was originally founded as Askanierburg, first mentioned in 1258 as the seat of a bailiwick (as Bizdal or Bysdal ). Another documentary mention is from 1265, this time from a pastor . Experts suspect that a previous building of the city church already existed at this time . An army and trade route to Berlin has been handed down from 1267 ( via Bysdal ). The settlement experienced a further boom through the recognition as a market place by the Margrave Johann VI. on December 18, 1315. In that year it also received city rights. As early as 1267 there was talk of a road (via Bizdal) via Oderberg into the Uckermark . The place name was probably brought from the Altmark by settlers .
A castle was first mentioned in a document in 1337, and in 1426 the brothers Claus, Wilke and Otto von Arnim are named as lords of the castle. According to tradition, it was a double complex on two hills, which were connected by a bridge. In 1449 Ludicke von Arnym had his residence at the castle. The von Armin family kept it until 1577 and also took over the church patronage . In that year, Elector Johann Georg Biesenthal acquired the castle, which was already very damaged in the Thirty Years' War . At the beginning of the 17th century it was torn down to the foundation walls. In the 21st century there are remains of the foundation walls on the Schloßberg.
The Biesenthal military mill was mentioned in a document in 1375 as "Weremolle". There was a fire in the city on the night of September 23rd to 24th. 20 houses and residential areas were destroyed. The rifle guild was founded in 1588. A list of citizens was handed down for the first time from 1595. In 1632 there was a major fire in which the city was completely destroyed except for a few houses. The castle fell victim to the flames, as did the city's archives. Then the plague rages in Biesenthal.
In 1671 the first Jews came to the place. The community, which had grown to 64 people by the end of the 17th century, founded a Jewish cemetery on Berliner Chaussee, which was destroyed several times. In 1672 the city took on a garrison , which brought the community a modest prosperity.
18th and 19th centuries
In 1756 another city fire destroyed Biesenthal except for 10 houses, which fell victim to another fire in 1764. As a result, valuable certificates and documents were destroyed. The remaining residents rebuilt their houses in 1760 and 1761. Three years later there was another fire in the city. This time all buildings fell victim to the flames again. Only the house at Schulstrasse 10 , which still existed in the 21st century , was preserved.
In 1808, Biesenthal was again given self-government by the new town order. In 1812 the city laid out the community cemetery and opened a post office in 1837. On November 3, 1839, the anniversary of the Reformation took place in Biesenthal with the 300th anniversary celebration. At the suggestion of the city council, the magistrate and the superintendent Stiebritz, it was decided to build a second schoolhouse for these festivities. On the same day linden trees and an oak were planted in the market square. The opening of the railway connection to the Berlin – Stettin railway line on August 1, 1843 brought further upswing . Two years later, the administration dissolved the Biesenthal office. At the same time, the city introduced street lighting. In 1874 the city was able to move into the new town hall. From 1875 Biesenthal was connected to a telegraph network. In 1884 the city opened a wooden observation tower on the Schlossberg to the public.
20th century
In 1906 the city received its coat of arms. A year later, a successor building made of brick was inaugurated in place of the wooden observation tower, the Kaiser-Friedrich-Turm . In the First World War were 129 citizens Biesenthals. In 1923 the city fathers had the town hall rebuilt. Work on the city park began a year later and was completed in 1926. The lido on the Großer Wukensee also opened that year .
In the 1940s there was a branch of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp in Biesenthal . The local Jewish cemetery was largely destroyed during the Nazi era . In 1988 the still existing tombstones were placed under an oak tree and provided with a plaque under the symbol of the Star of David , reminding of the good place .
In 1945, when the Second World War ended, the Soviet army occupied the place. As a result, numerous archive materials from the town hall were destroyed. More than 580 citizens died during or as a result of the war. In 1946 a census showed 4,165 inhabitants. In 1947 the Soviet command handed over the administration back to the city. On behalf of the Office for Monument Preservation, a makeshift repair of the tower on the Schlossberg was carried out in 1952. The first LPGs were founded in 1958 . In 1965 Biesenthal celebrated its 650th anniversary. The fortified mill, first built in the 15th century, ceased grinding in 1974. It burned down on August 23, 2002 and was then partially demolished.
In 1978 lightning struck the tower on the Schlossberg and destroyed the roof structure. With the fall of the Wall, the Schlossberg moved back into the focus of the city. She commissioned a concept for the rehabilitation of the mountain. In 1991 and 1992, the site was initially reconstructed without taking the tower into account. In 1993, the Hoffnungsthaler Anstalten settled in Biesenthal and built a tree nursery and a dormitory for people with disabilities. In 1995 the Heimatstube opened in the old town hall, in 1998 the elementary school.
Military and government institutions
In the 20th century, several police, military and state security facilities, as well as recreational facilities for companies and other state organizations, were established in Biesenthal. They were dismantled, dismantled or rebuilt after 1990, and their remains (enclosing walls and fences, remains of buildings and bunkers) are still clearly recognizable (status 2019).
Imperial Era: It began in 1902–18 at the Wukensee with the convalescent home of the Prussian Guard Corps , 1918–45 various uses of the home and park by the Berlin police and German armed forces, 1946–90 by the German People's Police , 1991–97 by the Federal College of Administration , vacant since then.
Weimar period : Police school of the Berlin police
Nazi period: 1943–45 Several air raid shelters for the ARMADA secret flier squadron , see Kaiserzeit for the site; Branch of the Army School for Dog and Post Pigeon Service - Sperenberg / Teltow; Bunker of the air telecommunications office LV12, Heidehof, Prendener Weg, blown up by the Soviets, remains visible; Police evasive camp of the Berlin police (PAULA) , Niephagenstrasse; 1941–45 Bomb and ammunition depot of Luftzeugamt 1 / III Finow in the Vorwerk, on the L 293, with a siding parallel to Landstrasse 293 (Telekomstrasse) to the Finow military airfield, takeover and further expansion of the warehouse by the 24th Air Army of the Soviet group Armed forces in Germany , withdrawal in 1994, dismantling of the track system, now vacancy and decay.
Soviets: Bombs and ammunition depots from 1945, see Nazi era. Further Soviet installations near the station: Battalion Chemical Defense of the Guard Panzer Division in Bernau; Independent reconnaissance battalion = Lipasa-40 Baklschan as part of the 20th Guard Army, Troop Unit 89425; Large and central tank farm with 750 underground tanks, cleared and afforestation.
GDR (security): From 1946 the state police school of the People's Police; from 1967 the institute for training and further education of the people's police as part of the university of the German people's police "Karl Liebknecht" , building see Kaiserzeit; Facilities of the Stasi : satellite reconnaissance center, Lanker street and Prendener way now car recycling and solar park; Guide bunker MfS = Mielke bunker, on the L 294, near the autobahn, today vacant and wood recycling; on the bunker site location of Command 4 of the "Feliks Dzierzynski" guard regiment ; Training facility and recreation home of the Dynamo sports association , on Wukensee, after the fall of the Wall, people's solidarity retirement home , now an ecological residential and community project in Wukania ; Shooting and combat training facility with warehouses and school buildings for training the foreign partisans on the Heideberg, demolished, cellars fenced for bats, shooting range still in operation by the Biesenthaler Rifle Guild.
GDR (free time): "Helmut Just" pioneer camp of the Central Pioneer Camp , at Wukensee, demolished, remains visible; Holiday and training home "Fritz Heckert" of the 'VEB Kombinat Tiefbau Berlin', at the Wukensee, after 1992 hotel, now nursing home Pro Seniore .
21st century
In 2000 the Hope Thaler Institutions expanded their workshops. In the same year, the city handed over the newly designed market square to the citizens. In 2001 a local history association got involved in expanding the use of the Schlossberg for tourism and commissioned a corresponding concept. In that year the Schlossberg festivals began. Danewitz was incorporated on October 26, 2003. In 2006 the Heimatverein leased the grounds on the Schlossberg. The tower was renovated and opened to the public on October 13, 2007. The renovation work on Bahnhofstrasse was also completed in the same year. In 2008 the city celebrated its 750th anniversary. On the occasion of these celebrations, she had colored “culture stones” laid, which were set into the ground at historically significant, culturally or scenically interesting places. They lead, for example, to the clay house at Schulstraße 10 or to the gallery at the town hall. The school canteen was completed in 2009. Two years later, Breite Strasse and Fischerstrasse were also renovated. Among other things, the Schlossberg was expanded into an "Schlossberg Biesenthal experience" with EU funds. Several information boards describe the history of the place. The city set up a rest area for visitors and travelers on the Berlin – Usedom long-distance cycle route .
Administrative history
Biesenthal belonged since 1816 to the district Oberbarnim in the administrative district of Potsdam the Prussian province of Brandenburg . The district was part of the state of Brandenburg in the Soviet occupation zone / GDR from 1947 to 1952 . 1952–1990 Biesenthal belonged to the then newly founded district of Bernau in the GDR district of Frankfurt (Oder) , which continued to exist in the state of Brandenburg from 1990 onwards . Biesenthal has been in the Brandenburg district of Barnim since 1993 .
Population development
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Territory of the respective year, number of inhabitants: as of December 31 (from 1991), from 2011 based on the 2011 census
politics
City Council
The city council of Biesenthal consists of 18 city councilors and the honorary mayor. The last local elections took place on May 26, 2019, with the following result:
| Party / group of voters | Share of votes | Seats |
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| CDU | 26.8% | 5 |
| The left | 19.0% | 3 |
| Free voters Biesenthal | 13.6% | 2 |
| Citizen for Biesenthal | 11.3% | 2 |
| Biesenthal's active center | 10.6% | 2 |
| Alliance 90 / The Greens | 10.0% | 2 |
| Pro Danewitz | 4.5% | 1 |
| SPD | 4.3% | 1 |
mayor
- 1993–2006: Thomas Kuther (independent)
- 2006–2015: André Stahl (Die Linke)
- since 2015: Carsten Bruch (CDU)
Bruch was elected in the mayoral election on June 16, 2019 with 62.8% of the valid votes for a term of five years.
coat of arms
The coat of arms was approved on July 21, 1994.
Blazon : “In silver, a tinned and squared red castle hovers a gold-armored red eagle between the two tinned towers with pointed, shingled roofs and four black windows each. A raised black portcullis appears in the open golden archway. "
Coat of arms in GDR times
Blazon : “On silver, two pointed towers with red battlements connected by a yellow gate with a five-pronged portcullis, above a wall with red battlements; between the two pointed towers, a red eagle with outspread wings and a closed beak, as well as yellow fangs; a yellow wall with 3 battlements at the top, interrupted by a black door in the middle with red longitudinal separation and four red diagonal stripes running in opposite directions on both sides. "
Town twinning
Since 1999, Biesenthal has maintained an active partnership with the Polish city of Nowy Tomysl as part of its membership of the Biesenthal Office .
Sights and culture
The historic old town center, which has been gradually being renovated since 1996 and is completely under monument protection ( ensemble protection ), is worth seeing . In 2008, a pavement memorial was installed on the corner of Grünstraße at August-Bebel-Straße, indicating the location of the former Schäfers Schmiede . The office of the Tourism Association of Barnim Nature Park is located in the former coffee shop at the Ratskeller , the owner of which advertised "regular coffee from boxing world champion Max Schmeling and other celebrities". The old station was expanded as a cultural station . In 2004 Biesenthal was named "Nature Park City".
In the year of the 750th anniversary, an international speedway race was successfully organized for the first time .
The area around the city offers many hiking and cycling opportunities on the trail of the Märkische Eiszeitstraße . In the village of Melchow, which belongs to the Biesenthal-Barnim district, there is a tourist meeting center .
Buildings
The list of architectural monuments in Biesenthal and the list of ground monuments in Biesenthal contain all of the cultural monuments of the city and its district of Danewitz that are entered in the monument database of the State of Brandenburg. Including:
- Old Town Hall, a half-timbered building built between 1762 and 1768 , in the restoration of which the German Foundation for Monument Protection was involved in 2003 .
- New town hall, built in 1874
- Kaiser-Friedrich-Turm on the Schlossberg, on which the remains of a former Askanierburg from the 13th century were found.
- The Protestant town church is a sacred building from the 13th century. After a severe fire in the 18th century, in which only the tower was preserved, the municipality rebuilt the structure between 1762 and 1766. In the interior there is a late baroque pulpit altar and an organ by Ferdinand Dinse from 1859. It is considered his most important work.
- Catholic Church of St. Marien , built in the French Baroque style in 1908/09 (Bahnhofstrasse 162)
- Oldest house in Biesenthal: a half-timbered house with a reed roof and the inscription "Si Deus pro nobis quis contra nos MDCCVII." ("If God is with us, who is against us 1707."), Schulstrasse 10
- Old school and principal's house from 1812 (Schulstraße 32)
- School building, Bahnhofstrasse 9–12, inauguration in 1925, architect Otto Kuhlmann
- The memorial erected in 1946 for the victims of fascism on Bahnhofstrasse, in the vicinity of the larger war memorial for the fallen of the First World War (1914-18)
- Field stone village smithy from 1595 and field stone ovens in the district of Danewitz
Natural monuments
Overview: List of natural monuments in Biesenthal
- Jubilee oak on the market redesigned in 2000 in front of the old town hall. The tree was planted on January 3, 1886 on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the reign of the King of Prussia . It was surrounded by a wrought iron grille until the 1920s.
- Großer- and Small Wukensee : Am Grossen Wukensee by which a path leads, is the 1925 built beach.
Permanent events
- Rockende Eiche music festival
- Wukenseefest
- Regional market
- Station music festival at the Kulturbahnhof
- Advent art market in the Kulturbahnhof
- Christmas market in the market square
Economy, infrastructure and education
Established businesses
The Hope Thaler workshops are a workshop for people with disabilities and are organized in a non-profit company. Among other things, they run a tree nursery and an organic dairy. The company TZMO is active in Biesenthal with its German branch. The Polish parent company, which operates around the world, uses these to handle all of its German business. TZMO Deutschland GmbH sells incontinence products, baby diapers and other medical supplies and is one of the market leaders in this industry. With over 130 employees, it is the most significant economic settlement of a new company in Biesenthal.
traffic
The city is on the state road 200 between Bernau and Eberswalde and the L 29 ( Wandlitz - Heckelberg-Brunow ). The closest motorway junction is Lanke on the A 11 (Berlin– Stettin ).
The Biesenthal station, which has existed since 1843, is on the Berlin – Stettin railway line . It is served hourly by the regional train line RB24 Eberswalde –Berlin– Senftenberg as well as by some trains on the RE 3 and RB 60 lines. After the railway sold the station building to the "Kultur im Bahnhof" association in 2005, it became the "Kulturbahnhof" for the association's numerous public events. In addition, some rooms are used as the Biesenthal regional office of the Bernau New Music School.
The Berlin – Usedom long-distance cycle route leads through the city and through the Biesenthal basin .
education
In Biesenthal there is the primary school "Am Pfefferberg" and the free nature school Barnim.
Personalities
Honorary citizen
- 2008: Thomas Kuther, Former Mayor
- 2013: Friedrich-Wilhelm Gesche, former mayor of Danewitz
- 2015: Gertrud Poppe, local chronicle
- 2015: André Stahl, former mayor
sons and daughters of the town
- Ferdinand Dinse (1811–1889), organ builder
- Fritz Helke (1905–1967), National Socialist literary functionary, writer
- Joachim Behlke (1934–2011), molecular biologist
- Jürgen Paeke (* 1948), apparatus gymnast
Personalities associated with the city
- Walter Laas (1870–1951), shipbuilding engineer, professor at TH Berlin , chairman of the board of Germanischer Lloyd
- Richard Ruthe (1887–1934), member of the Biesenthal resistance group against National Socialism
- Max Schmeling (1905–2005), world boxing champion, frequent guest at the training camp in Biesenthal
- Lothar Skorning (1925–2005), sports scientist, professor at the Humboldt University in Berlin , President of the German Judo Association
- Heinz Graffunder (1926–1994), urban architect in Berlin ; lived in Biesenthal
- Friedrich Schötschel (* 1926), sculptor, has lived and worked in Biesenthal since 1954
- Margit Schötschel-Gabriel (1933–2017), sculptor, lived and worked in Biesenthal from 1954 to 2017
- Joachim Ziesche (* 1939), ice hockey player, lives in Biesenthal
- Wolfgang Coy (* 1947), computer scientist and university professor, lives in Biesenthal
- Ralf Kerbach (* 1956), painter and university professor, lives in Biesenthal
- Margitta Mächtig (* 1956), politician ( Die Linke ), member of the Brandenburg state parliament since 2004 , lives in Biesenthal
See also
literature
- Historical guide, sites and monuments of history in the districts of Potsdam, Frankfurt (Oder). Urania-Verlag, Leipzig, Jena, Berlin 1987.
- Rudolf Schmidt: History of the city of Biesenthal. 2nd edition, Eberswalde 1941.
Web links
- City homepage
- Website of the city's Heimatverein , accessed April 26, 2015.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population in the State of Brandenburg according to municipalities, offices and municipalities not subject to official registration on December 31, 2019 (XLSX file; 223 KB) (updated official population figures) ( help on this ).
- ^ Service portal of the state administration Brandenburg. City of Biesenthal
- ↑ History of the city , website of the Heimatverein Biesenthals, accessed on April 26, 2015.
- ↑ Hermann Gottfried Gengler: Regesta and documents on the legal and constitutional history of German cities in the Middle Ages , Erlangen 1863, pp. 223–224 .
- ↑ There river Biese , village Biesenthal . Name variants: 1315 Bizdal, 1322 Bisdal, 1337 Pyestal, 1357 Bysdal, 1420 Besedal, 1442 Bytzedal, 1450 Byßdal, 1572 Bießedahle, 1608 Biesendall, from 1624 Biesenthal (Schmidt p. 26). Piping = beese = rush . With spelling reform 1911 th to t (door instead of door), but not for proper names!
- ↑ Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel : Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis A. First main part, XI. Volume, continuation of the Mittelmark documents. Town and monastery Spandau, town Potsdam, town Teltow, town Mittenwalde, Zossen and that of Torgow, mixed documents, namely belonging to the small towns of Teltow and Barnim. 528 p., Berlin, Reimer 1856 Online at Google Books (p. 371)
- ↑ Information board : Albrecht the Bear and the rule of the Ascanians , set up on the Schlossberg, inspection in April 2015.
- ↑ a b c d Official Journal for the community of Wandlitz from June 21, 2008, page 60: Biesenthal: 750 years old and very lively
- ^ The third anniversary of the Brandenburg Reformation by Ludwig Frege, p.133
- ↑ Information board for the new use
- ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2003
- ^ Kultursteine Biesenthal , website of Atelier Be, accessed on April 26, 2015.
- ↑ Historical municipality register of the state of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. District Barnim . Pp. 14-17
- ↑ Population in the state of Brandenburg from 1991 to 2015 according to independent cities, districts and municipalities , Table 7
- ^ Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg (Ed.): Statistical report AI 7, A II 3, A III 3. Population development and population status in the state of Brandenburg (respective editions of the month of December)
- ^ Result of the local election on May 26, 2019
- ↑ Farewell speech by Mayor Thomas Kuther on www.biesenthal.de
- ^ Result of the mayoral election on May 25, 2014
- ↑ Successor in Biesenthal clarified . In: Märkische Onlinezeitung , March 6, 2015
- ↑ Section 73 of the Brandenburg Local Election Act
- ^ Result of the mayoral election on June 16, 2019
- ↑ Coat of arms information on the service portal of the state administration of Brandenburg
- ↑ As a guest in the twin town Nowy Tomysl ( memento from January 26, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) on amt-biesenthal-barnim.de; Retrieved December 29, 2012
- ↑ a b Homepage of the Biesenthal-Barnim Office
- ↑ Stadtkirche Biesenthal ( memento of November 2, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), website of the Alte Kirche sponsorship group, accessed on April 26, 2015.
- ↑ Website Biesenthal, some about the Catholic Church ( Memento from May 31, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Anniversary oak information board , attached to the tree, inspection in April 2015.
- ^ Website of the Hoffnungsthaler Werkstätten , accessed on April 26, 2015
- ^ Website of the Biesenthal elementary school
- ^ Website of the Barnim Nature School
- ^ Honorary citizen of the city of Biesenthal
- ↑ "Ferdinand Dinse gave his hometown Biesenthal ... an organ for the Protestant church in 1859" ( Memento from May 31, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) on barnim-tourismus.de, accessed on December 29, 2012
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