Hohenfinow
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Coordinates: 52 ° 49 ' N , 13 ° 55' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Brandenburg | |
| County : | Barnim | |
| Office : | Britz-Chorin-Oderberg | |
| Height : | 55 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 21.83 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 522 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 24 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 16248 | |
| Area code : | 033362 | |
| License plate : | BAR, BER, EW | |
| Community key : | 12 0 60 092 | |
| Office administration address: | Eisenwerkstrasse 11 16230 Britz |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Ronny Püschel | |
| Location of the community Hohenfinow in the district of Barnim | ||
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Hohenfinow [ hoːənˈfiːnoː ] is a community in the Britz-Chorin-Oderberg district in the Barnim district in Brandenburg with the residential areas Karlswerk, Struwenberg and Liebenstein. The place is about eight kilometers east of Eberswalde .
geography
Hohenfinow is rural and surrounded by fields, pastures and meadows as well as the Hohenfinow forest.
The place is located on the Diluvial plate on the southern edge of the Eberswalder glacial valley, which arose in the most recent ice age, the Vistula ice age. The highest elevations are the Liebenstein at 58.3 m above sea level. NHN and the south-facing cemetery at 70.0 m above sea level. NHN. The districts of Struwenberg (approx. 35 m above sea level) and Karlswerk (approx. 45 m above sea level) are located at the foot of the glacial valley. The Finow Canal and the Alte Finow run north of the village .
Due to the formerly extensive forest areas of the Hohenfinow estate, the areas belonging to the village extend as far as Eberswalde. The forest and the former artillery barracks of the Wehrmacht , which were later used by the Soviet Army and are located between Eberswalde and Sommerfelde, belong to Hohenfinow. This forest and barracks area is an exclave of Hohenfinow, as the village of Tornow was incorporated into Eberswalde.
The main building site is sand and gravel sand, and the water table is relatively low except in Struwenberg. Hohenfinow extends over 0.6 kilometers in east-west and 1.1 kilometers in north-south direction.
Flora and fauna
The landscape around Hohenfinow has not changed significantly in the last few centuries. In addition to broken peat meadows, you can find dry grass communities with woody islands, coniferous and mixed forests and arable land. The Hohenfinower Forest begins southeast of the village. This is characterized by a stand of pines, occasionally oaks, red beeches and Douglas firs can be found. Douglas fir and silver fir stand around the castle.
In 1972 there was severe damage from wind breakage, and in 1990 from snow breakage.
Red deer and wild boar are common around Hohenfinow, fallow deer are rather rare. Due to the varied landscape, the bird world is very species-rich. Wild geese, cranes and herons can often be seen. The rare woodcock can be found in the Hohenfinow Forest, even the kingfisher is regularly observed.
Due to the numerous hedges and coppices in the castle park and in the vicinity, there are almost all small birds, owls, owls and various species of woodpecker living in the vicinity of humans. The tree frog and fire-bellied toad, which are on the red list of endangered animals, are common in and around Hohenfinow.
The stork's nest in Gersdorfer Straße 4 was occupied by a pair of storks from 1971 to 2005, which raised 82 young birds from 29 broods.
Community structure
The Karlswerk and Struwenberg residential areas belong to Hohenfinow .
history
Place name
The name Finow comes from pre-Slavic times. The Middle Low German word fino (u) we probably means root . It is made up of the Indo-European pen = mud, swamp, water, moist and uei, ui = twist, bend, wind , which were combined with the West Germanic suffix -n and the Slavic -ov . Finow means freely transmitted winding river with swamps .
At the time the area around Hohenfinow and Niederfinow was settled by the Slavs, the hill south of the Finow river was strategically important. The ford near Neustadt (today Eberswalde) was less clear due to the topographical conditions; today's district town only gained importance in 1317 through a determination by Margrave Waldemar . Waldemar decreed that the trade route from Frankfurt (Oder) and Berlin to Stettin no longer had to run via Hohenfinow / Niederfinow, but via Neustadt and Eberswalde. To do this, he had a bridge built over the Ragöse . The establishment of the Finow Castle and the town of Hohenfinow as the most important settlement at the time on the 35 kilometer long river give rise to the name. The place was named because of the customs office for land and water customs on the river via Vienouie . Already in 1769 the place was called "Hohen Fihnow". Niederfinow was built a few kilometers north of Hohenfinow around the same time .
Later other places were created that have the river in their name: Finow and Finowfurt .
Early days
After the Vistula Ice Age , the first people immigrated to the Hohenfinow area. Bronze Age shards were found near Liebenstein (today part of Hohenfinow). Between Hohenfinow and Amalienhof, on the edge of the glacial valley, a prehistoric burial ground is suspected; the stone box graves were destroyed in the 18th century, but individual remains of weapons were discovered. A sword from the Younger Bronze Age was found in the moor near Karlswerk .
Finow Castle
The place is of Slavic origin. The region was conquered by the Ascanians around 1200 . After the construction of about ten kilometers distant castle Oderberg (then Low German "vein Castle") in 1213 was at the strategic point above the Finow the castle Finow founded. In 1904, during excavations at Hohenfinow Castle at a depth of 2.50 m, a Mecklenburg bull's head bracteat was found, which was minted around 1220. This year is assumed to be the year the castle was built.
Hohenfinow lies on a plateau which was surrounded by ditches and swamps in the west, north and east during the settlement period. In the north and east, the terrain drops a few hundred meters behind the village about 40 meters into the glacial valley. The place was well protected by these topographical features; a palisade wall had been built in the south behind the church.
The castle had the task of protecting the ford of the Finow (today Niederfinow lift bridge ). The next fords were ten kilometers to the west and ten kilometers to the east near the cities of Eberswalde and Bad Freienwalde (Oder) , which had not yet been founded . The Slavs in the north and east were to be deterred, the castle offered protection for the surrounding agricultural areas.
Location Hohenfinow
In the deed of foundation for the Cistercian monastery Mariensee , about ten kilometers north on the shore of the Parsteiner See , the name Finow is mentioned for the first time for an area in the south. The name Hohenfinow is mentioned for the first time on November 25, 1334 when a feudal letter to Gebolf von Mersingkofen , a Bavarian knight from Duke Ludwig's retinue , was recorded. The feudal letter was awarded by Ludwig in the fortress Spandau to the castle Finow.
Hohenfinow was a town from 1375 to 1713. From 1375 to 1421 Nikuscho de Pannewitz held the castle loan as a pledge. From 1421 to 1544 the Sparr family were masters of Hohenfinow. Hans von Thermo acquired parts of the place in 1544. His brother Otto inherited the property and held it until his death in 1590. The family had sold the property back to the Sparr family. In 1607 Franz von Sparr sold Hohenfinow and Tornow (now part of Eberswalde) to Count Hieronymus von Schlick , who died in 1612 on his Bohemian estate in Winteritz. For three years, his nephew, Count Heinrich Matthias von Thurn , who was involved in the Prague lintel , owned Hohenfinow. Ludwig von Pfuel bought Hohenfinow and Tornow in 1614 for 28,000 thalers. Hohenfinow remained in the possession of the von Pfuel family until 1653.
Thirty Years' War
During the Thirty Years' War , the residents had to flee to the Oderbruch several times . Although Brandenburg was not officially involved in the war for a long time, soldiers and looters often roamed the village. There were no more cattle, the fields were not cultivated, young forest was already growing again on the former arable land. No combat operations are recorded in or around the place, but different armies passed through the place several times:
- 1626: Army of Peter Ernst II von Mansfeld
- 1627: imperial troops
- 1631: Swedish and Finnish riders
- 1633: Saxon regiment of Duke Carl of Saxony
- 1636: Saxon and Swedish regiments
- 1637: The Swedish army under General Panir moves through, followed by the imperial army under General Gallas
- 1640: The Swedish army moves through under General Torstensson
A land rider reported on July 18, 1652 that there were still three farmers, cossets and householders as well as a servant living in Hohenfinow . Church and place were devastated, the castle showed only minor damage.
Customs rights
The customs rights for the ford and bridge of the Finow and from 1753 over the Finow Canal had been with the town of Niederfinow and Finow Castle (later Hohenfinow) since the 13th century. Both authorized customs officers fought several times over the rights at this point. The construction of the Finow Canal in 1768 required the construction of a new bridge in Niederfinow by the lords of Hohenfinow. The bridge cost 600 thalers. The water tariff had been securitized since 1375, the dam tariff since 1674 and should be revoked by the finance chamber when the canal was built. According to all instances, the baron von Vernezobre was recognized again on November 29, 1775, the customs rights. As recently as 1878, the Minister for Trade, Industry and Public Works had to deal with the dispute over the bridge toll and confirmed that the state had to pay the Hohenfinow landowner three marks a day for operating the bridge. Raising and lowering the bridge was carried out by the boatmen themselves since 1792. It was not until the state took over the bridge around 1900 that the centuries-long customs dispute ended.
Until the First World War
In 1653, Balthasar Blancke from Stettin bought the town of Hohenfinow as the only non-aristocratic owner in history.
From 1668 General Ernst Gottlieb von Börstel (1630–1687) was the owner of the Hohenfinow estate and from 1680 to 1685 had a new castle and park built, which in 1721 was worth 50,000 thalers. Contributors to the construction:
- Cornelis Ryckwaert as an architect
- Johann Batun , plasterer from Italy
- Francsiscus senior, principal of the Gypsians
- Wilhelm Hober, Dutch carpenter and stair maker
- Elias Ruß , sculptor
The trees in the fields that had grown during the Thirty Years' War were gradually being cleared, but in 1678 22 farms were still deserted. Wends settled in the village, some farmers came from Saxony, Poland, Silesia, Pomerania, Bavaria and Bohemia.
The previously unused village floodplain was planted with walnut trees, and vineyards were planted east of the village on Liebenstein. A straight road was built between Liebenstein and the castle and planted with linden and mountain ash trees. A press house based on the Hungarian model was built on Liebenstein .
In 1699 the church proclaimed that all children should go to school until they were eleven. In 1721 Börstel sold his property for 90,000 thalers to Franziskus Matthäus, Baron von Vernezobre de Laurieux. A year later village regulations were issued, keeping sheep, goats and bees were forbidden. The farmers had to catch and deliver sparrows and other "harmful birds". Potatoes were consumed for the first time at a lunch table at Baron Vernezobre's in 1730. The spiritual leader of the surrounding Huguenots, Pierre Theremien , had just received them from Spain. Since the baron liked the potatoes, he grew them in the parish garden, and the farmers soon took over the potatoes too.
On June 5, 1729 there was a major fire caused by lightning. The three farms affected asked the landlord for help. This provided the materials for reconstruction, which was not a matter of course at the time.
In the winter of 1739/40 the walnut trees on the village green froze to death. As a new planting, linden trees were planted in four rows, most of which are still standing today.
In 1756, the Berlin businessman Carl Schünemann set up a production facility for iron wire on the area of the manor, the Carlswerk factory. At that time, apart from the factory, this consisted of only nine Büdner positions. In the middle of the 19th century, Carlswerk was an important factory for steel work, in particular axles and compression springs for railroad cars, and employed 200 workers.
Johann III Bernoulli describes in his travelogues 1780 "beautiful barley and wheat fields around Hohenfinow", this was and is rather unusual in this area, as rye is more common.
The liberation of the peasants in Hohenfinow was delayed until April 21, 1823, three years later Friedrich Ludwig Vernezobre died, and on April 17, 1828 the estate complex was declared bankrupt. In 1833, Baron Konstantin von Jakobi Kloest bought the estate complex for 167,000 thalers, and in 1855 sold it again for 400,000 thalers to Felix von Bethmann Hollweg .
A mine was located southwest of Hohenfinow in the 19th century; lignite was mined underground. The delivery rate was z. B. in the Minna mine in 1858 about 654 tons of lignite, which was processed as fuel in the surrounding brickworks of Amalienhof and Struwenberg. The trades of the lignite mines Trautenau , Gitschin , Langensalza , Sadowa and Achilles near Hohenfinow decided on May 5, 1869 to join the mine " consolidated " under the name of the lignite mine in Freienwalde near Freienwalde .
In 1899 plaster damage was found on the church. A closer examination revealed that under the plaster there was not the assumed brick, but Romanesque granite blocks. From 1906 to 1910 the church was completely renovated.
Before the construction of the Eberswalde - Bad Freienwalde railway, a route via Hohenfinow was planned, which is why the Deutsche Reichsbahn's right of first refusal has been entered in the land register files of the eastern local properties.
1914 to 1945
On July 5, 1915, Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg took his daughter Isa to the altar in Hohenfinow, where she married the diplomat Julius von Zech-Burkersroda . On July 13, 1917, Bethmann Hollweg resigned and lived in the manor house until his death. His grave is in the cemetery.
On December 27, 1927, the nobility's administrative right to rule was abolished, and legally independent manor districts became communal communities. The noble rule, which lasted more than 610 years, was over in Hohenfinow.
During the time of National Socialism , 17 forced laborers from Poland, Ukraine and Italy were employed in agriculture in the village of Hohenfinow.
In a report to the local branch of the NSDAP from December 28, 1945 in Hohenfinow the following were counted:
- 1 local group leader
- 43 party members
- 4 SA members
- 85 women members
Wehrmacht units were stationed on the manor. The Soviet Army reached Hohenfinow on April 20, 1945, and fighting broke out in the town. Of the residents only an old farmer and a master carpenter remained in the village. A German howitzer unit under the command of Felix Steiner paused briefly in Hohenfinow before moving on to Eberswalde.
post war period
Shortly after the Soviet Army moved through, the village was overpopulated. In addition to the returning farmers, many refugees from Pomerania and Neumark stayed in Hohenfinow. All the houses were overcrowded, and all rooms in the castle were used. One of the first orders from the Soviet headquarters was to ask the Germans to rescue the German and Soviet dead who were lying in the open. Therefore a common grave was built in the cemetery. One of the next orders was to secure food for 1945 and the winter that followed. The Soviet military temporarily took over the manor house, and on January 1, 1950, it was declared a state- owned property . In 1961/62 the castle was largely demolished. Despite the forced collectivization of agriculture, living conditions initially improved in the 1950s and 1960s. As in the whole of the GDR, this development stagnated from the 1970s. Since the political turnaround, investments have been made in the local historical building fabric.
Hohenfinow belonged to the Oberbarnim district in the province of Brandenburg since 1817 and to the Eberswalde district in the GDR district of Frankfurt (Oder) from 1952 . The community has been located in the Brandenburg district of Barnim since 1993.
Population development
In the Thirty Years War Hohenfinow lost almost its entire population except for 10 inhabitants. In the following 200 years the population grew to about 800. Towards the end of the Second World War there were only two citizens in the village, the entire remaining population was on the run from the Soviet Army. In the following months, many of the refugees came back, and displaced people from what is now Poland settled in, so that the place had its largest population to date with over 1000 people. To date, this number has dropped to around half again.
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Territory of the respective year, number of inhabitants: as of December 31 (from 1991), from 2011 based on the 2011 census
politics
Community representation
The municipality of Hohenfinow consists of eight municipal representatives and the honorary mayor. The local election on May 26, 2019 resulted in the following distribution of seats:
| Voter group | Seats |
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| Independent voter group Hohenfinow | 7th |
| Individual applicant Henry Gutsche | 1 |
mayor
- 1998–2008: Norbert Christ
- 2008–2016: Kerstin Falke (Kerstin Bernhard)
- since 2017: Ronny Püschel
Püschel was elected unopposed in the mayoral election on May 26, 2019 with 78.2% of the valid votes for a term of five years.
Sights and culture
Buildings
In the list of architectural monuments in Hohenfinow and in the list of ground monuments in Hohenfinow are the cultural monuments entered in the list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg.
The most important and oldest building in Hohenfinow is the Romanesque field stone church, which is believed to date from 1250. The knightly castle garrison of Finow Castle was entitled to patronage over the church from the beginning. Excavations at Hohenfinow Castle in 1904 brought to light a coin from 1220, which confirmed that the castle already existed that year. The church itself was long considered to be significantly younger, but was built by the Ascanians in the second quarter of the 13th century. The church was extensively renovated from 1999 to 2004.
There are hardly any remains of Finow Castle. Hohenfinow Castle, which at least partially still exists today, was built at its location . It later became a manor house and after 1945 the location of the local VEG . The castle was largely demolished in 1961/62.
The transept on the Anger is worth mentioning. It is a half-timbered double room with a black kitchen , of which there are only a few left. The renovation took place from 1992 to 2000 and cost 850,000 DM.
Natural monuments
Regular events
A 600 year celebration of the place in 1934 did not take place. There are photos of a May celebration with hunting horn blowers from 1958, but there are no known celebrations outside of public holidays in the GDR. The 650th anniversary was celebrated in 1984. In 1996 and 1997 a regional tourism fair took place in the castle's warehouse. However, the concept of the trade fair proved to be unsustainable. There are no regular village festivals like the midsummer festival in the neighboring town in Hohenfinow.
Economy and Infrastructure
economy
In Hohenfinow there is an agricultural GmbH as the successor to the LPG . The Gasthaus Hohenfinow on the corner of Eberswalder Strasse and Strasse am Anger has existed for several centuries and sourced its beer from the estate brewery until the middle of the 19th century. There has been an ostrich farm in the Liebenstein district since 2003, which breeds up to 100 animals that are ready for slaughter every year in the local paddock. The Hohenfinow volunteer fire brigade has existed since 1915, and there is a butcher's shop on the site of the former castle. In the district of Struwenberg there is a brewery, the "Barnimer Brauhaus". On the Liebenstein there is a seasonally operated juicer and not far from it there is an organic gardening “vegetable factory”.
Until the mid-1970s, Hohenfinow had a direct line to the Eberswalde office in addition to the Falkenberg telephone connection, which was stuck in the estate. This connection still existed from before the war. Private connections were clamped twice so that only one participant could make calls at a time.
traffic
Hohenfinow is on the B 167 between Eberswalde and Bad Freienwalde (Oder) .
In the original plan, Hohenfinow was to be developed from the Eberswalde - Frankfurt (Oder) railway line. However, the railway ran along a few kilometers north near Niederfinow. The Niederfinow train station is located directly on the border of the Struwenberg residential area. Trains of the Niederbarnimer Eisenbahn ( regional train line 60) run every hour between Eberswalde and Frankfurt (Oder) or Wriezen .
The Barnimer bus company serves the place several times by bus with two lines. Line 883 runs from Eberswalde via Tornow, Hohenfinow, Struwenberg and Falkenberg to Bad Freienwalde. Line 916 runs from Eberswalde to Oderberg via Hohenfinow, Niederfinow and Liepe.
Personalities
- Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg (1856–1921), Chancellor of the Reich 1909–1917, born in Hohenfinow
- Detlef Linke (1945–2005), brain researcher, born in Struwenberg
- Gentlemen on Hohenfinow
- Otto Christoph von Sparr
- Schlik
- Thurn and Taxis
- Pfuel (1668, builder of the manor house)
- Baron Vernezobre de Laurieux ( Huguenots , from 1727)
- Baron Jacobi-Klöst (from approx. 1810)
- Felix von Bethmann Hollweg (1855)
Entrance to Gersdorfer Straße
House on the village green
Cavalier house of the castle, road to Niederfinow
Village street
View into the Eberswalde glacial valley
literature
- Rudolf Schmidt : History of the city of Eberswalde . Volume 2: From 1740 to 1940. Reprint of the 1st edition from 1941. Verlagsgesellschaft Rudolf Müller, Eberswalde 1994. New edition: Buchhandlung Mahler on behalf of the city of Eberswalde.
- Rudolf Schmidt: The fight for the bridge money - a memory from the history of the little town of Niederfinow . Eberswalder Heimatblätter 1912–1916.
- Erika Schünemann, Helmut Schünemann: Hohenfinow - place on the edge of Barnim 1258–1334–2007 . Ed. Gisela Gooß, Förderverein Kloster Chorin e. V., Amt Britz-Chorin, ISBN 3-936932-09-3 .
- Barnim district archive: Niederfinow privileges . 1674-1934, No. 0041; and a lawsuit against the Niederfinow community . 1868-1869, no. 1163.
Web links
- Hohenfinow near Märkische Eiszeitstrasse
- Hohenfinow at Amt Britz-Chorin-Oderberg
- Contribution to the RBB program Landschleicher on December 17, 2006
Footnotes
- ↑ Population in the State of Brandenburg according to municipalities, offices and municipalities not subject to official registration on December 31, 2019 (XLSX file; 223 KB) (updated official population figures) ( help on this ).
- ^ Service portal of the state administration Brandenburg. Hohenfinow community
- ^ Gerhard Schlimpert : The place names of Barnim - Brandenburgisches Namenbuch Vol. 5, Böhlau, Weimar 1984, p. 135
- ^ Siegfried Schiefelbein: Niederfinow, a place with floating ships . 1258-1267-2008. Friends of the Chorin Monastery, Chorin 2008, ISBN 3-936932-19-0
- ↑ Map of the Upper and Lower Barnimic Circle in 1769
- ^ Secret State Archives, Rep. 78a, No. 8, p. 71 f. - Riedel printed version: Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis , Series A, XI., 30C
- ↑ City of Brandenburg and Berlin . German City Book, Vol. 2. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Berlin / Cologne 2000, ISBN 3-17-015388-9
- ↑ Landbuch der Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz in the middle of the 19th century. Second volume. Brandenburg. 1855. p. 391
- ↑ Erika Schünemann, Helmut Schünemann: Hohenfinow - place on the edge of Barnim. Chronicle 1258 - 1334 - 2007. Friends of Chorin Monastery, Chorin 2007, p. 93
- ↑ Erika Schünemann, Helmut Schünemann: Hohenfinow - place on the edge of Barnim. Chronicle 1258 - 1334 - 2007. Friends of Chorin Monastery, Chorin 2007, p. 97
- ↑ Historical municipality register of the state of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. District Barnim . Pp. 14-17
- ↑ Population in the state of Brandenburg from 1991 to 2015 according to independent cities, districts and municipalities , Table 7
- ^ Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg (Ed.): Statistical report AI 7, A II 3, A III 3. Population development and population status in the state of Brandenburg (respective editions of the month of December)
- ^ Result of the local elections on May 26, 2019
- ↑ Results of the local elections in 1998 (mayoral elections) for the district of Barnim ( Memento from March 30, 2018 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Local elections in the state of Brandenburg on September 28, 2008. Mayoral elections , p. 8
- ↑ Hohenfinow needs a new mayor. In: Märkische Oderzeitung , January 5, 2017
- ↑ Succession arranged quickly. In: Märkische Oderzeitung , February 18, 2017
- ↑ Brandenburg Local Election Act, Section 73 (1)
- ^ Result of the mayoral election on May 26, 2019
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