Ragous

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Ragöse
Ragöser Fliess
The brook shortly before crossing under Landstrasse 291 just under 1 km before it flows into the Finow Canal

The brook shortly before crossing
under Landstrasse 291 just under 1 km before it flows into the Finow Canal

Data
Water code DE : 696268
location Brandenburg , Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere Reserve
River system Or
Drain over Finow Canal  → Alte Oder  → Hohensaaten-Friedrichsthaler Wasserstraße  → Oder  → Stettiner Haff
source a) Near Golzow, district of Chorin
b) Outflow of the Amtssee at the monastery Chorin
52 ° 55 ′ 7 ″  N , 13 ° 50 ′ 11 ″  E
Source height 45  m above sea level NN
muzzle In Eberswalde behind the Ragöser lock in the Finow Canal coordinates: 52 ° 50 '57 "  N , 13 ° 51' 38"  E 52 ° 50 '57 "  N , 13 ° 51' 38"  E
Mouth height m above sea level NN
Height difference 38 m
Bottom slope 2.9 ‰
length 13 km
Medium-sized cities Eberswalde
Communities Chorin
Region Chorin-Eberswalde;  the ragose arises in the picture above left

Region Chorin-Eberswalde; the ragose arises in the picture above left

The Ragöse (also Ragöser Fließ ) is a stream about 13 kilometers long in the Schorfheide-Chorin biosphere reserve in the Brandenburg district of Barnim .

Two headwaters of the river lie west of Golzow, a district of the Chorin community . Another source stream is the originally natural runoff of the Choriner Official Lake at the former Cistercian monastery Chorin . This arm of the stream is now referred to as the Nettelgraben on many maps , while historical studies also refer to this arm as the Ragöse or the upper reaches of the Ragöse . Above the mouth of the Nettelgraben, the Ragöse forms a sand-shaped lowland stream and , in its further course, a flowing water shaped like a lake outflow . In its course, the Ragöse drains the wetlands near the Choriner districts of Sandkrug and Neuehütte and, after crossing under the Ragöser Damm / Oder-Havel Canal, in the urban area of Eberswalde near the Ragöser Schleuse, flows into the Finow Canal on the left .

First mentions and etymology

Rogosene

The first known mention of the river comes from 1277 as riuulum Rogosene . In 1300 the name can be found in rivum Rogösen , in 1317 the entry supra aquam Rogose and 1340 fluvium, dictum Rogose . A document from 1483 contains the note the Rogöse . As early as 1258, the margravial deed of foundation for the Mariensee Monastery (predecessor of the Chorin Monastery) listed the originally Slavic village Ragösen at the Ragöser Mühle ( molendinum Rogosen , 1375) near Sandkrug as villas ... Rogosene . The village of Ragösen no longer exists today; there are some private homes and a restaurant in the vicinity that belong to the village of Sandkrug.

Rogosene is assigned to the old Polish basic form Rogoz'n to rogoz = cattail, reed . At least 44 corresponding names are known in the West Slavic language area, including the Upper Sorbian word rohodź or Lower Sorbian Rogoz for cattail . Regarding the village of Ragösen, according to Reinhard E. Fischer , Rogosene means place where reeds grow .

Lupanitz / Limnitz - upper reaches

Among the Slavs, today's upper course was called the Ragöse Lupanitz . According to Eva Drieschner, today's watercourses do not match the designation and design of the water network in Slavic times. So the designation of the Golzow upper course as Ragöse is actually wrong until it merges with the Nettelgraben, even if it is included in the measuring table sheet. The Urmes table sheet recorded a dry valley without a name here. This part of the river is mentioned in a document from 1277 as fluvium Lupanitz and in 1972 the inhabitants of the surrounding area would only have known this part of the river as Limnitz . The actual historical upper reaches of the Ragöse (or the river that was seen for it in historical times) was more in the area of ​​the later Nettelgraben and, in contrast to the fluvium Lupanitz, was only referred to as rivulus = stream in the document .

The Brandenburg name book (water names ) records the Limnitz ditch for the upper reaches of the Ragöse and has a mention as early as 1258 in riuulum Lupanitz . The Erbregister the Office Liebenwalde contained 1,589 entry to Lebbenitz . For the etymology, the old Polish basic form Lupanica is given to lupiti, lupati = to peel, peel, tear .

geology

The Golzow headwaters are located on the southern edge of the Pomeranian terminal moraine of the Weichsel Ice Age glacier and the Choriner source lake on the terminal moraine curve Chorin, which is part of the Pomeranian Staffel. The Golzow source arm flows through the glazifluviatile sands and gravels of the sander from this season. After the confluence with the arm from the Choriner See, the river uses what is now a swampy meltwater basin , according to G. Berendt (1887) The Choriner meltwater between Chorin and the Eberswalder glacial valley , which consists mainly of peat and bog soil. In the estuary there are thick layers of sand and gravel sand with occasional loam or silt lenses, the groundwater level is comparatively very flat at 1.5 to 4 meters.

climate

The Ragöse in the middle reaches about at the level of the former Ragöser Mühle
Climate diagram

The Ragöse is located in the temperate climate zone . The average annual temperature in nearby Angermünde is 8.3 ° C and the average annual rainfall is 532 mm. The warmest months are July and August with an average of 17.5 and 17.1 ° C and the coldest January and February with an average of −1.2 and −0.3 ° C. Most of the precipitation falls in June with an average of 69 mm, the lowest in February with an average of 30 mm. The Ragöse runs for long stretches on the high plateau of the end moraine and there in extensive forest areas. So it is relatively protected from strong winds.

The ragose freezes over in severe winters, sometimes it freezes completely. Due to the relatively high flow speed for Brandenburg, the stream only freezes over when it is very cold. With an average gradient of 0.38%, the average flow velocity in the estuary is 0.4 m / s, the flow rate is 0.5 m³ / s. Except for the mouth, the Ragöse lies north above the Eberswalde glacial valley , named after the town of Eberswalde , which was formed in the most recent, the Vistula Ice Age . Since the Estuary River Finow has cut deeply into the floor of the glacial valley, it is significantly deeper than the actual floor of the glacial valley.

Course and Mills

Golzow spring arms

the north of the Golzow spring arms is dry in summer 2010

The source arms are to the east of the Golzow stop on the Eberswalde – Joachimsthal line operated by Ostdeutsche Eisenbahn GmbH (line RB 63 of the Berlin-Brandenburg transport association - VBB). They are about a hundred meters apart, flow in different directions around a small hill overgrown with bushes and small trees and converge after a few hundred meters. The Ragöse runs along the western edge of the Chorin forest to the south and turns to the southeast after around three kilometers through the forest. The brook crosses under the Berlin – Szczecin railway (Stettiner Bahn) about two kilometers southwest of Chorin and reaches a swampy channel. In the wetland, the river picks up the runoff from the Amtssee after a total of around six kilometers just before the Ragöser Mühle. The Golzow spring arms are regularly dry in warm summers and only fill up again in the rainier autumn. Exact sources are difficult to make out, the source arms begin in the middle of a meadow.

Office lake runoff

Puncture and Nettelgraben

Puncture to the Ragöse at the Choriner Amtssee , probably created by the Cistercians of the Chorin Monastery in the 15th century
Connecting ditch between Parsteiner and Weißer See; in the background the swampy shoreline of the White Lake (Brodowin location)

Until the 15th century, the upper course of the Ragöse (Mühlengraben), so called by Wolfgang Erdmann , formed the natural drainage of the official lake and led in an arc around the monastery Chorin on the south and west side, which the Cistercians built on the lake shore from 1273 at the latest had. Rising water levels prompted the monks, probably in the 15th century, to cut a 200-meter-long straight ditch from the western shore of the lake directly to the creek on the north side of the monastery, also known here as Ragöse. They later filled up the bed of the former Ragöse Oberlauf at the Klostermühle.

The outflow from the Choriner See (Amtssee) to the confluence of the streams in front of the Ragöser Mühle is described by many maps as a continuation of the Nettelgraben . An artificially created trench, however, is only formed by the 200-meter-long cut. The actual Nettelgraben, on the other hand, dates back to the 13th century and runs on another side of the lake. The monks dug this moat at a time when the water levels were significantly lower in order to supply the lake with more water to supply the monastery and the water mills on the Ragöse. The Nettelgraben led and still leads from the north bank of the Amtssee to the northeast to the higher and now isolated White Lake, which formed a bay of the Parsteiner See at the time of the moat . Today the Weißer and Parsteiner See are connected at the same water level and by a ditch that runs under the village street of Brodowin.

In this way, the Ragöse drains the Parsteiner See, the largest body of water in the biosphere reserve, in the continuation of the Nettelgraben over the Amtssee. However, the Nettelgraben now occasionally falls dry, as appropriate protective measures by the reserve administration are intended to prevent the wetlands in the Plagefenn total reserve from drying out . However, the Plagefenn is not integrated into the flow system of the Parsteiner See and Nettelgraben, it drains the Plageseen southwards towards Liepe into the Finow Canal. The amount of water discharged is very small and would have no significant influence on the Ragöse cycle. At the time the irrigation systems were built between Lake Parstein and Lake Amtssee, all of the lakes mentioned were still connected to one another.

Monastery mill

Monastery mill of the Chorin monastery

The later monastery mill already existed as Alexander's mill at the time the monastery was founded and, according to the foundation deed of 1258, was part of the founding equipment of the monastery. Only a few remains of this Slavic mill are preserved in the foundations of the ruins of the monastery mill. The Slavic mill was very probably not much smaller than the later Ascanic one. The Ascanians like to build their structures on demolished or destroyed buildings of the Slavs, they did the same at the Mariensee monastery and the main nave in the Chorin monastery. The Cistercians made high demands on good drinking water and hygiene . Since they also ran their monasteries like small towns, there was a great need for a supply of water. Even before they moved from Lake Parstein to Lake Choriner, they replaced the Alexander Mill with a high-performance large building that, as a machine hall or workshop, went far beyond conventional water mills. Soon after its invention in the 12th century, the order's highly developed mill construction technology also used camshafts / power take-off shafts for up and down movements, so that the hall was used not only for grinding and crushing grain and brewing barley, but also for hammering, pounding, milling , oil beating or fraying bark . Rotary movements made turning and grinding possible . Most likely turned to wave trees outside seven large water-powered paddle wheels and inside the necessary power transmission cogwheels . The monastery mill is only a ruin today.

Through wetlands to the Ragöser Mühle

After the breakthrough behind the monastery, the Ragöse lake outflow flows through a wooded landscape to the southwest into a rupture area with smaller lakes such as the Großer Hopfengartenensee and ponds, which it partially flows through. After a swivel to the south, after about three kilometers it reaches the Ragöser Fließ, which comes from Golzow. Shortly after its union, the brook absorbs the cold water , a longer, opposite-running brook channel that begins at the Eberswalder Lichterfelder Siedlung and flows into the Ragöse to the northeast through a wetland with the Kleiner Stadtsee , Großer Stadtsee and Kaltes Wasser . The Ragöse flows further south and west past the Great Holy Lake . It also absorbs the water of this lake and the surrounding wetlands via a small stream. Shortly afterwards it reaches the Ragöser Mühle, which belongs to the Sandkrug district of Chorin.

Ragöser mill

Ragöse after crossing under the B 2
newly emerging moorland at the former site of the Ragöser Mühle

This mill at the no longer existing and eponymous village of Villas ... Rogosene already existed before 1258 and was also part of the founding equipment of the Chorin monastery. The exact location can no longer be determined and it probably no longer existed at the beginning of the 14th century. The molendinum Rogosen , recorded in the land book of Charles IV of 1375, is very likely already a successor building. This mill and other subsequent buildings are also no longer there. Today there is a newly built hotel called the Ragöser Mühle .

In some historical accounts, the Ragöser Mühle is called the false Waldemar's mill . Then the Chorin monks allegedly discovered the miller's boy in the mill, who is said to have been very similar to the deceased, last Ascanian Margrave Waldemar and whom they resurrected as False Woldemar during the unstable transition times from the Wittelsbachers to the Luxemburgers for reasons of power politics . Allegedly they prepared the miller intensively for his role in the monastery and equipped him with the dress and ring of the real Waldemar, who is buried in the monastery. This account of the origin of the False Woldemar, which some mills claim similarly, is little more than a legend, the truth of which Theodor Fontane has already rejected: "[...] that one does too much honor to the monastery if one does it, as happened, persuades that it [...] worked on the return and restitution of Waldemar, if necessary any Waldemar ”.

Shortly behind the Ragöser Mühle, beavers repeatedly dammed up the course of the Ragöse river in the years after 2000, which has led to an extensive swamp area being created in the area where the federal highway 2 is crossed, and the water level has risen significantly here. The crossing under the main road is not designed for this and is reaching its capacity limits.

Raised moor and fen areas near Neuehütte

After the mill Ragöser Ragöse passes under the main road 2, and flows through Polenz Werder on the west side of the reserve Fettseemoor and Mönchsheide continues south to Choriner district of New cabin. Here, too, stood a mill, which in the 16th century, under the name of Weitlage, formed a suburb of the nearby town of Eberswalde. Around 1800 a glassworks replaced the Vorwerk. The Ragöse near Neuehütte absorbs the water from the surrounding high moor and fen areas as well as the runoff from the nearby 2.6 ha brook lake . After another 500 meters through Mönchsheide, the river reaches the Oder-Havel Canal .

Ragous dam and mouth

Main article: Ragöser dam

Ragöser dam with Ragöse flow

The highest canal embankment in Europe is 800 meters long and was built in the course of the construction of the Oder-Havel Canal between 1906 and 1911 to compensate for the height difference in the valley of the Ragöse. One million cubic meters of soil was poured for the dam. The Ragöse crosses under the Oder-Havel Canal roughly in the middle of the dam (OHK 71.6). The ragose passage from 1908 has a mouth profile , a width of 4.20 meters and a height of 4.30 meters. The length was originally 156.30 meters. 38 concrete rings with different thicknesses depending on the height of the covering form the tube. At that time, even boat trips through the tunnel were permitted. In 1997/98 security measures were carried out at the culvert.

Around 600 meters after the dam, the Ragöse reaches the Eberswalder Urstromtal past the Mönchsberg and passes the listed Mönchsbrück Chausseehaus from the 1850s at the bridge on Landstrasse 291 (former stockchaussee from Eberswalde to Oderberg ) . Here it turns to the east and flows with part about 200 meters below the Ragöser lock into the Finow Canal . Another part, the outflow of a former fishery , flows into the waterway shortly after the Ragöser lock.

Ecology, flora and fauna

As part of the Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere Reserve , the Ragöse and its surroundings are also the subject of the reserve administration's extensive protective measures for the flora , fauna and the water balance of the area and its biotopes .

NSG Fettseemoor

Journal of the round-leaved sundew ( Drosera rotundifolia )
Flower of the Marsh Marigold ( Caltha palustris )

The Fettseemoor nature reserve near Neuehütte was originally an inland catchment area with a moor thickness of 17 meters. In 1844 and 1882/83 ditches were dug for drainage and peat extraction , parts of the mesotrophic bog were used until the 1950s. After the soil had been drained and the soil had been silted up over a large area, gray willow bushes and larger stands of pines and birches established themselves in the formerly wood-free moor . Protective measures have led to rewetting since 1987. Today the water reaches the Ragöse through a ditch. Due to the newly created water areas, a beaver population "settled in the Fettseemoor" in the 1990s and optimized rewetting so that it installed an additional dam in the downstream area of ​​the dam. "The ordinance of September 12, 1990 states that the nature reserve is protected : "Preservation of habitats of threatened animal and plant species in a functional mesotrophic bog complex."

flora

The largely natural stream and its banks are overgrown with reeds in many sections . The reddish tentacles on the catch leaves of the round-leaved sundew catch the eye . The Red List of Brandenburg has the Flower of the Year 1992 under the warning level . In the marshland you will find marsh plants , moisture-loving plants and herbaceous plants such as the marsh marigold ( Caltha palustris ), the meadow foam herb ( Cardamine pratensis ) or the purple loosestrife ( Lythrum salicaria ). The forest Chorin, through which the river runs in the upper part, is characterized by beech forests . Mixed forests of oak and various conifer species complement the natural beech stocks. In spring, extensive white grass carpets made of wood anemones ( Anemone nemorosa ) bloom in the herbaceous layers of the forests . Since protected areas such as the Plagefenn are not allowed to graze, the communities in the Mönchsheide were given compensation areas, which after clearing led to the complete extermination of the oaks on the Mönchsheider Sander . The landscape in the terminal moraine arch Chorin is characterized by intensive forestry . In the 1200 hectare Choriner Forest, back horses are used to transport wood in order to protect the forest floor.

fauna

The reed sections of Ragöse offer a diverse community of mollusks (eg, river snails , horn snail ), insects (such as midges , dragonflies ), amphibians , reptiles , and birds (for example, Sedge Warbler ( Acrocephalus schoenobaenus )) a home.

Dipper ( Cinclus cinclus ), “threatened with extinction” in Brandenburg

The only breeding pair of a dipper ( Cinclus cinclus ), which could be detected in Brandenburg in the last decades up to 1997, brooded on the Ragöse in 1966. The red list of the federal state lists the rare but regular migrants and overwinterers under the status threatened with extinction . The vast forests are home to hawk ( Accipiter gentilis ), sparrowhawk ( Accipiter nisus ), black woodpecker ( Dryocopus martius ), wren ( Troglodytes troglodytes ) and robin ( Erithacus rubecula ).

Red deer and roe deer roam the Chorin Forest and Mönchsheide. Wild and small game find cover in the undergrowth . After the clearing of the Mönchsheide, the numbers fell sharply and are given for the second half of the 19th century for the red deer with 40 to 50 pieces and the roe deer with 80 to 120 pieces. Back then, sows were only mixed game. Since the protective measures of the biosphere reserve, the stocks have recovered significantly. Sheep herds and herds of goats in paddocks graze the open areas. In addition to the Fettseemoor, beavers have also settled in the area where the Ragöse flows into the Finow Canal . Also living at this point otters , are among the best swimmers among land predators count.

literature

  • 100 Years Plagefenn Nature Reserve ( Memento from September 3, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF) Eberswalder Forstliche Schriftenreihe Volume XXXI, conference proceedings for the anniversary event from May 11 to 12, 2007 in Chorin. MLUV of the State of Brandenburg Landesforstanstalt Eberswalde, Eberswalde 2007.
  • Wolfgang Erdmann: Cistercian Abbey Chorin. History, architecture, cult and piety, prince claims and self-portrayal, monastic economics and interactions with the medieval environment. With the collaboration of Gisela Gooß, Manfred Krause and Gunther Nisch. Langewiesche publishing house, Königstein i. Ts. 1994 (series: Die Blauen Bücher), ISBN 3-7845-0352-7 .
  • Reinhard E. Fischer : The place names of the states of Brandenburg and Berlin. Volume 13 of the Brandenburg Historical Studies on behalf of the Brandenburg Historical Commission. be.bra Wissenschaft verlag, Berlin-Brandenburg 2005, ISBN 3-937233-30-X , ISSN  1860-2436 .
  • Johannes H. Schroeder (Ed.): Guide to the geology of Berlin and Brandenburg. No. 2: Bad Freienwalde - Parsteiner See . Geoscientists in Berlin and Brandenburg e. V., Berlin, 2nd improved edition 1994, ISBN 3-928651-03-X , ISSN  0941-2980 .
  • Kerstin Kirch: Slavs and Germans in the Uckermark: Comparative studies on settlement development from the 11th to the 14th century. Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-515-08604-8 (originally as a dissertation, Humboldt University , Berlin 2000).
  • Changes to the waters of Brandenburg in historical times. (PDF; 6.2 MB) Studies and conference reports. Volume 47. Brandenburg State Environment Agency, Rüdersdorf / Potsdam 2003, ISSN  0948-0838 (publication based on Eva Drieschner's dissertation for the Humboldt University). See Chapter 4.5: The catchment area of ​​the Untere Finow on the left, Chorin Monastery and Parsteinsee , p. 89f.

Web link

Commons : Ragöse  - collection of images

Remarks

  1. River directory gewnet25 (Version 4.0, April 24, 2014) from the Ministry for Rural Development, Environment and Agriculture of the State of Brandenburg, accessed on May 4, 2015.
  2. a b c Wolfgang Erdmann: Cistercian Abbey ... , pp. 10f, 48f
  3. Kerstin Kirch: Slavs and Germans in the Uckermark: ... , p. 234, p. 235, note 766
  4. Ragöser Fließ (identifier: DE_RW_DEBB696268_1109) , Ragöser Fließ (identifier: DE_RW_DEBB696268_1108) Water body profiles surface water bodies of the 2nd management plan according to the Water Framework Directive
  5. Brandenburg name book. Part 10: The names of the waters of Brandenburg . Founded by Gerhard Schlimpert , edited by Reinhard E. Fischer . Edited by K. Gutschmidt, H. Schmidt, T. Witkowski. Berlin contributions to name research on behalf of the Humanities Center for History and Culture of East Central Europe. V. Verlag Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1996, ISBN 3-7400-1001-0 , p. 221f
  6. Max Vasmer : Етимологический словарь русского языка , 2nd edition, Volume 3, Verlag für stremdsprachige Literatur , Moscow 1987, p. 490.
  7. Reinhard E. Fischer: The place names ... , p. 138
  8. Kerstin Kirch: Slavs and Germans in the Uckermark: ... , p. 237, note 778
  9. http://www.mugv.brandenburg.de/cms/media.php/lbm1.a.2320.de/q_bd47b.pdf Changes to the waters of Brandenburg in historical times (link not available) Studies and conference reports. Volume 47. Brandenburg State Environment Agency, Rüdersdorf / Potsdam 2003, ISSN  0948-0838 (publication based on Eva Drieschner's dissertation for the Humboldt University). See Chapter 4.5: The catchment area of ​​the Untere Finow on the left, Chorin Monastery and Parsteinsee , p. 89f.
  10. Brandenburg name book. Part 10: The names of the waters of Brandenburg . Founded by Gerhard Schlimpert, edited by Reinhard E. Fischer. Edited by K. Gutschmidt, H. Schmidt, T. Witkowski. Berlin contributions to name research on behalf of the Humanities Center for History and Culture of East Central Europe. V. Verlag Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1996, ISBN 3-7400-1001-0 , p. 169f
  11. Joachim Marcinek : Scientific-historical aspects: In the classical area of ​​the North German Ice Age research. In: Guide to the geology of Berlin and Brandenburg, ... , pp. 166–169; see in particular Fig. 10-1, p. 168, The southern Baltic terminal moraine in the area of ​​Joachimsthal , section of a map by Berendt, 1887 (drawing Laufmann)
  12. ^ Guide to the geology of Berlin and Brandenburg, ... , map III, after p. 189
  13. Climate diagram for Angermünde
  14. Wolfgang Erdmann: Cistercian Abbey ... , p. 48
  15. Chorin Monastery, The Monastery Property ( Memento from January 31, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  16. ^ Office Britz-Chorin, OT Sandkrug
  17. ^ Theodor Fontane : Walks through the Mark Brandenburg . Volume 3 ( Havelland ) “Spandau and the surrounding area” - Chorin Monastery: Chorin Monastery from 1272 to 1542.
  18. ^ Office Britz-Chorin, OT Neuehütte
  19. Worth seeing . Eiszeitstraße.de
  20. 100 years of Plagefenn nature reserve , ..., p. 68ff
  21. Brandenburgisches rules system (BRAVORS). §4 protection purpose ( memorial from January 31, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) see point 43, NSG No. 30
  22. ^ Red list of established vascular plants in Brandenburg (and Berlin). Retrieved June 6, 2019 .
  23. a b 100 years of Plagefenn nature reserve , ..., p. 127
  24. Four-legged forest workers straighten the forest . Welt online , February 20, 2003
  25. birds . ( Memento of March 6, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 180 kB) Brandenburg Red List
This article was added to the list of excellent articles on June 21, 2008 in this version .