Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere Reserve

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Location of the Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere Reserve
Logo of the biosphere reserve
Deciduous forest clearing in the Plagefenn
Moor near the Plagefenn
Plagefenn total reserve
Flooded pasture in the biosphere reserve
Drained moor north of Liepe

The Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere Reserve was founded in the state of Brandenburg in 1990 as part of the GDR's national park program . It is 1291 km² and is located in the districts of Uckermark , Barnim , Märkisch-Oderland and Oberhavel . The Plagefenn total reserve is a special nature reserve in the biosphere reserve . Part of the reserve, the Grumsiner Forest , has been on the UNESCO World Heritage List since 2011 .

history

The Cistercian monastery Chorin largely managed the land in the area from the early Middle Ages to the end of the Thirty Years' War . In the Schorfheide, north of the town of Groß Schönebeck , was one of the residences of Hermann Göring ( Carinhall ) until 1945 . The wooded landscape served as a hunting ground, which was only available to the powerful of the state. It is thanks to this story that the vegetation in large parts and especially in its core zone has been spared profound human disturbances for decades.

UNESCO world heritage

In 2011 primeval beech forests were added to the World Heritage List. Amongst others, the beech forest in the Grumsiner Forest nature reserve in the Schorfheide-Chorin biosphere reserve has been declared part of the world natural heritage. Here there are pronounced beech forests, which are considered to be remnants of the extensive beech stocks that used to exist in Central Europe, and it is a retreat for rare animal species such as the spotted eagle and black stork .

Demarcation

The area of ​​the biosphere reserve includes the Choriner terminal moraine landscape with the Parsteiner See and the Grumsiner forest , the Niederoderbruch and the Neuenhagener Oderinsel , the Britzer Platte, the Werbellin-Joachimsthaler moraine landscape, the Schorfheide , the Poratz ground and terminal moraine landscape, the ground and Terminal moraine around Melzow and Greiffenberg , the Gerswalde - Stegelitz arable landscape and the Templin lake area.

natural reserve

The Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere Reserve is a cultural landscape rich in water . The watershed between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea runs right through the biosphere reserve . There are no large rivers in the area; smaller streams are also rare. Frequent water types, on the other hand, are still water in the form of lakes ( Werbellinsee ), ponds, ponds, söllen, ponds and boggy areas. Through the construction of massive dams in the forest north of Liepe , extensive wet areas (moors, lakes) are being drained and cultivated meadows are being flooded. The reasons and permits for this secret construction work are unknown.

The largest lake in the reserve, with 1,003  hectares, is the Parsteiner See , a tongue basin lake north of the Choriner terminal moraine arch .

flora

The old forest areas , which are often in the form of oak - hat forests, are of great importance for nature conservation . Some areas consist of several hundred oaks, all of which are more than 250 years old. A good 10 percent of the reserve area is taken up by numerous small-scale moors , most of which have been drained and are to be renatured . Pine forests have by far the largest share . Occasionally one can still find carnivorous sundew species.

The Grumsiner Forest , which is part of the biosphere reserve , was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List on June 25, 2011 .

fauna

In addition to the typical large game ( red deer , wild boar , roe deer ), beavers and otters are also common in the biosphere reserve . Furthermore, there are still populations of the critically endangered European pond turtle and the fire-bellied toad . Also See -, fish - and spotted eagle nest in the woods. Special attention is paid to the crane as a resting and breeding bird in the context of visitor management .

Moors

The Schorfheide-Chorin biosphere reserve also includes the small - and the large Fischerbruch, both boiler bogs. The Great Fisherman's Quarry is approx. 250 m long in its widest part and up to approx. 60 m wide at its widest point. It has a total size of approx. 1.5 ha. The moors between Liepe and Plagefenn were several hundred meters in length.

management

The management of the biosphere reserve lies with the State Office for the Environment of Brandenburg . Head of the administration of the biosphere reserve administration is Dr. Ulrike Garbe. The board of trustees of the biosphere reserve brings together representatives of various interest groups.

There is always a dispute over the design of the biosphere reserve and the weighing of interests of all users (farmers, dairy farmers, forest owners, residents, nature conservation associations, tourism, etc.).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Ordinance of September 12, 1990
  2. ↑ SPIEGEL online
  3. ↑ Thorsten Metzner: On the wrong track . In: Tagesspiegel , December 30, 2007. Retrieved December 24, 2015. 

literature

  • Martin Flade (Ed.): Nature conservation in the agricultural landscape. Results of the Schorfheide-Chorin project . Published on behalf of the State Agency for Large Protected Areas of the State of Brandenburg. Quelle and Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2003. ISBN 3-494-01307-1
  • Andreas Meyer-Aurich: Development of environmentally and nature conservation-friendly methods of agricultural land use for the Schorfheide-Chorin biosphere reserve . Agroecology. Vol. 41. Dissertation. vaö - Verlag Agrarökologie, Bern / Hannover 2001. ISBN 3-909192-21-1
  • Alexandra Schmidt: Contribution of the historical landscape analysis to current questions of nature conservation. A study carried out using the example of the Schorfheide-Chorin biosphere reserve . Research and Knowledge - Landscaping. Dissertation. GCA-Verlag, Herdecke 1999. ISBN 3-934389-37-6
  • Frank Dreger: Geo- and bioecological analysis and evaluation of Söllen in the agricultural landscape of northeast Germany using the example of the Schorfheide-Chorin biosphere reserve . Dissertation. dissertation.de, Berlin 2002. ISBN 3-89825-476-3

Web links

Commons : Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere Reserve  - Collection of images