Southeast Ruegen Biosphere Reserve

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Location of the Southeast Rügen Biosphere Reserve
Logo of the biosphere reserve
Bodden coast near Groß-Zicker (Mönchgut)
Core zone on the island of Vilm
Forest on the steep coast on Vilm

The Southeast Rügen Biosphere Reserve is a biosphere reserve in the German state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , which comprises the southeast of the island of Rügen (including Granitz and Mönchgut ), the Bodden waters ( Rügischer Bodden ) between Putbus and Thiessow , the outer coasts between Thiessow and Binz and the island of Vilm .

In the biosphere reserve, all landscape and coastal forms of the Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania coastal area can be found in the smallest of spaces. The land and the sea are deeply interlinked here. On the one hand, peninsulas and coastal promontories are connected by narrow strips of land, on the other hand they are separated from each other by lagoon and cradle. Here you will find fine, wide sandy beaches and rugged cliffs with imposing block beaches at the foot of the cliffs. Broad belts of reeds line the banks. Beech forests or grasslands shape terminal moraine locations and meadows and pastures shape the lowlands that formed after the Ice Age. In terms of cultural peculiarities, there are, for example, large stone graves from the Neolithic Age , Bronze Age barrows , medieval churches and village structures and spa architecture up to modern times .

It was declared a biosphere reserve in 1990 as part of the GDR national park program.

Several core zones (total reserves) belong to the biosphere reserve. This also includes the area of ​​the Black Lake in the Granitz as well as the island of Vilm and parts of the Mönchgut and Zicker peninsulas. The island of Vilm is one of the WILDIsland areas certified by the European Wilderness Society .

From 1995 to 2009, the biosphere reserve received support as part of the major nature conservation project Ostrügensche Boddenlandschaft , which was completed in May 2009.

Since a biosphere reserve must cover at least 30,000 hectares, after this deficiency was discovered by the UNESCO evaluation in 2005, work is being carried out on enlarging the area around the Jasmunder Bodden.

A maintenance and development plan has been drawn up since 2008 .

Nature reserves

The seven nature reserves cover an area of ​​4084 hectares.

Emergence

From a geological point of view, Rügen is a very young island, the coastline of which is still changing today. The glaciers of the Vistula Ice Age , which penetrated south from Scandinavia, were mainly responsible for the formation of Rügen . About 10,000 years ago, after the last ice of the Vistula Ice Age had melted and the Baltic Sea had a significantly higher water level than today, individual archipelagos, consisting of the islands of Wittow, Jasmund, Mönchgut and Granitz, rose up from the Baltic Sea. The Mönchgut peninsula was formed by these glacier advances and the subsequent development of the Baltic Sea with its coastal dynamic processes (wind and water). While large blocks of dead ice still lay in the area of ​​today's Bodden waters and spits , the crevices in between were filled with meltwater sands of varying thicknesses. Spits are wide, curved, narrow, mostly sandy strips of land that separate a shallower part of the sea from the open water. After the ice had melted, “crevices” remained as full forms. Essentially, these modern, more or less elongated ranges of hills consist of layered fine-grained sands. The sands are often covered with gaps by a thin moraine . Marl boulder has pressed into the lying fine sand at irregular intervals. Boulder clay is a sediment deposited as a ground moraine , shifted and mixed with blocks and debris . This glacial till is usually calcareous. Today the Mönchgut is characterized by a characteristic alternation of island cores and spits rich in relics. For example, the "Bakenberg" with 66 m is the highest point in the island's core. At 43–45 m, the Nordperd and the Zickersche Höft have the highest cliffs in the area. There are no natural rivers. On a small scale, there are small flow bogs and on Groß Zicker there are also hill spring bogs .

Typical animals and plants

Abiotic environmental factors

  • Water: The biosphere reserve is in the rain shadow , which is why the area has the lowest rainfall in all of Germany. As a result, the plants are exposed to long dry periods.
  • Light: According to measurements, the sun shines around 1900 hours a year on the Mönchgut peninsula, more than anywhere else in Germany. As a result, the process of photosynthesis is favored.
  • Soil: The subsoil of the biosphere reserve consists of calcareous boulder clay . That is why the soil there has a high lime content and is dry and poor in nutrients.

literature

Web links

Commons : Biosphere Reserve Southeast Rügen  - Collection of images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Presentation of the major nature conservation project Ostrügensche Boddenlandschaft ( memento of the original from November 16, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the website of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bfn.de
  2. ↑ Article of May 13, 2009: Large-scale nature conservation project "Ostrügensche Boddenlandschaft" successfully completed ( Memento of the original from April 6, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bfn.de
  3. ^ German MAB National Committee (1996): Criteria for the recognition and review of UNESCO biosphere reserves in Germany (PDF; 616 kB) see p. 6, section Structural criteria: area size and delimitation
  4. ↑ INSULA RUGIA eV demands: Rügen should become a biosphere reserve. Newspaper article from March 25, 2009 ( Memento from June 29, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ↑ Biosphere reserve wants to grow. Newspaper article from October 20, 2008 ( Memento from March 10, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ Elaboration of a basic plan - model and goals - for an expanded biosphere reserve south-east Rügen. Office for Landscape Communication ( Memento from August 7, 2010 in the Internet Archive )


Coordinates: 54 ° 24 ′ 9 ″  N , 13 ° 33 ′ 52 ″  E