Chorin Monastery
| Chorin Monastery | |
|---|---|
 Chorin monastery general view |
|
| location |
 Germany Brandenburg |
| Coordinates: | 52 ° 53 '34 " N , 13 ° 53' 1" E |
| Serial number according to Janauschek |
661 |
| founding year | 1258 /1266 |
| Year of dissolution / annulment |
1542 |
| Mother monastery | Lehnin Monastery |
| Primary Abbey | Morimond Monastery |
The Chorin Monastery is a former Gothic Cistercian abbey in Amt Chorin near the village of Chorin about six kilometers north of Eberswalde in the Brandenburg district of Barnim . It was founded in 1258 by Ascanian margraves and had far-reaching importance on the northern edge of the Ascanian sphere of influence (border with the Slavs).
Between the secularization in 1542 and the beginning of the 19th century, the monastery was left to decay. Then the ruins were secured and some of the buildings were reconstructed under the direction of Karl Friedrich Schinkel . Today the Cistercian monastery Chorin is a typical architectural monument of brick Gothic . As part of the German-Polish monastery network , it is an event location with supraregional attraction. In 2017, a permanent exhibition was set up and opened, which thematizes the life and work of the monks in the Chorin Monastery and in a further section shows the discovery and conservation efforts of Karl Friedrich Schinkel.
etymology
The name Chorin is probably of Slavic origin. The name is mentioned several times and differently in the foundation deed of the Mariensee Monastery:
- villa Chorin - "Village Chorin"
- Campus Chorin - "Choriner Acker"
- stagnis Corin majus et minus - "large and small lake Chorin"
- paludus Chorin - "Choriner Swamp"
Chorin contains the Slavic adjective chory , which means "sick" and in connection with the Choriner See is not interpreted as "sick lake", but as "fish-poor water". Today the lake is called Amtssee and the former Choriner swamp is called “rotten Bruch”. This was created when the monks lowered the water of the Choriner See by approx. 1.75 m with the construction of the monastery. The former Slavic settlement that Chorin gave her name is believed to be on the hill east of the swamp. Some ceramic remains of the Slavic settlement have been discovered during excavations, there is currently no evidence of a likely existing burial site. The Ascanian village of Chorin, however, was built north of the lake, and nothing is known about the reasons for the relocation of the village.
In the Middle Ages, the spelling of the name changed several times, including "Koryn", "Corin" and "Coryn".
prehistory
Slavic origins
Around 1200 Slavs from the Ukrani tribe settled near today's Chorin. The Uckermark region to the north has been named after them since the Middle Ages . Even before Mariensee, the monastery town of God "Civitas Dei" was founded in the Slavic town of Barsdin (today Oderberg). This monastery was a foundation of the Premonstratensian order with the mother monastery Brandenburg an der Havel. Barsdin was the eastern, Slavic part of the later town of Oderberg. The settlement of the city began between 1208 and 1215 by Slavs, who built the first princely castle on the Albrechtsberg. With the construction of the monastery, the Brandenburg claims to this area were to be consolidated. The deed of foundation clearly shows that the monastery was intended to host pilgrims, sick people and refugees. Therefore, a hospital was added to the monastery, which was founded a few years earlier. As far as we know today, the place was divided for a long time. To the west of the Behnitz river was the monastery, to the east the village of Barsdin, which the margraves Johann I and Otto III. Donated to the monastery in 1231. The hospital, on the other hand, existed in Barsdyn until 1372, so a Slavic village continued to exist for at least 150 years under Ascanic possession of the Chorin monastery. In 1786, the historian Friderich Ludewig Joseph Fischbach documented the existence of remains of the hospital in his statistical-topographical city descriptions of the Mark Brandenburg , today there are no more archaeological finds.
The Civitas Dei monastery existed until September 2, 1258, when it was abandoned due to poor management. No records are known about the exact location. According to Raumer , Bishop Konrad II von Cammin donated 100 hooves to the newly built monastery Chorin in 1233 in terra, quae slavice Lipana nuncupatur , thus possibly in the land of Lippehne , east of the Oder . According to a different interpretation, however, the village of Liepe , west of the Oder, may have been meant. The former monastery with its hospital became the property of Mariensee.
The area around the old and new village of Chorin did not offer good conditions for arable farming, since the edge of the terminal moraine is mostly sandy and the landscape is very hilly. For the Slavs, fishing played a major role, so they settled right on the shore of the lake. Ceramic finds indicate that the Slavic settlement still existed when the Ascan village was already established. The Slavs were later resettled and their old settlement closed.
Location Pehlitzwerder ("Kloster Mariensee")
The monastery, which was influential in the late Middle Ages, was founded in 1258 on a former island, today's Pehlitzwerder peninsula, in Lake Parstein near the village of Brodowin . It was initially named Mariensee in reference to its patron saint and was a subsidiary of the Lehnin Monastery, founded in 1180 by Otto I. in der Zauche .
The monastery was founded by Otto I's grandsons and the joint ruling Margraves Johann I and Otto III. The background to the foundation was the inheritance regulations that led to the division of the Mark Brandenburg into the Johannine and Ottonian lines . Since the traditional Ascanian burial place at Lehnin Monastery remained with the Ottonian line, it was necessary to found a new monastery.
Today there are only guesses about the choice of the unfavorable island location for the construction of the monastery, this decision contradicted the then customary customs of founding a monastery. The existence of a Slavic castle on the Pehlitzwerder and the replacement of this by an Ascanic monastery is presumed to be a “political decision”, but there are no reliable records about it.
Since the island location turned out to be a hindrance to the economic and agricultural ambitions of the Cistercians and because they also feared a rise in the water level, the monks moved the monastery, according to a document from 1273, around eight kilometers to the southwest to the former Lake Chorin before it was completed , today's Amtssee . The decision to relocate was made with the participation of Johann I in the year of his death in 1266. The Mariensee church was built so that the founder could be buried here. After 1273 Johann I was reburied in Chorin. In addition to other descendants of Johann, his successors Otto IV ( with the arrow ) and the last important Ascanian in the Mark Brandenburg, Waldemar ( the great ) , were buried in Chorin . The walls of the ground floor of the Mariensee monastery were preserved until the 1960s. They were then removed by the residents of Brodowin for material extraction. The remains of the wall that are visible today were later built up on the core of the foundations that had been preserved.
As with all Ascanian monasteries, economic and power-political considerations played an important role in addition to the pastoral aspects. Because to the west of the monastery there was a Slavic ring wall on the island in Lake Parstein , which Johann I and his brother very likely used as a tower castle against the Pomeranian rivals. The monastery was supposed to take over central and dominant functions. "Both the establishment itself and its location in an old regional center 'across' the traffic routes [...] in a populated area are a matter of sovereignty and power politics."
- For the establishment of the predecessor monastery Mariensee on the Pehlitzwerder at the Parsteiner See see: Cistercian monastery Mariensee
Chorin location
A Slavic village with fortifications was previously located in the area of today's monastery ruins. Recent excavations have shown that the village burned down. It was probably the village of Ragöse , which is still remembered today by the Ragöse stream and some local names. Whether the monastery mill is the large mill building close to the monastery, which was built before the Cistercians, or a mill a few kilometers southwest has not yet been adequately researched. The existing mill, the nearby Amtssee , which at that time was still called Choriner See, and the proximity to the then important cities of Niederfinow , Angermünde and Eberswalde are now cited as reasons for choosing the location. At that time, Cistercian monasteries were preferably established in rural areas on former Slavic settlements. Commercial branches were set up in the nearby towns, and one in Angermünde has been preserved.
Today the ruin lies in the forest and lake-rich landscape of the Schorfheide-Chorin biosphere reserve . In the Middle Ages, the forest area with its numerous surface waters initially belonged to the Pomeranian area and was inhabited by Slavs . In the course of the high medieval settlement in the east, it came under the rule of the Ascanians after 1230 . Traces of medieval settlement can still be seen in the local structures. Castle ruins, such as Grimnitz in Joachimsthal , testify to the rule of the Askanischen house, the monastery ruins Chorin the activity of the Cistercians .
history
Founding history
On February 8, 1258, the bishops Otto and Johann von Brandenburg allowed the foundation of the Mariensee Monastery, on September 2 of the same year Johann I and Otto III authenticated. the foundation of the monastery. The official relocation to Chorin took place on September 8, 1273, construction work in Chorin probably began as early as 1266. The Pehlitzwerder with the remains of the foundations of the 25.50 m wide church that had been started is declared a natural and soil monument in 1935.
Since the Ragöses runoff from the Choriner See did not supply enough water to operate the monastery mills and to supply the monastery, the monks still laid the Nettelgraben in the 13th century from the Choriner See to the higher and now isolated White Lake, which was one when it was built in the 13th century Bay of the Parsteiner See formed on. The moat that still exists today is one of the earliest artificial moats in Germany today.
In the general chapter of the Cîteaux monastery , the original monastery of the Cistercian order, the Cistercians' own economy was established:
- “The monks of our order have to live by their hands on work, agriculture and cattle-raising. Therefore, they must have bodies of water, forests, vineyards, meadows, fields (away from the settlements of men of the world) and animals for their own use ... They can have farms near or far from the monastery for cultivation ...
The Ascanian margraves donated islands to the monastery in Parsteinsee, the villages of Pehlitz, Plawe, Brodowin, Chorin and Hufen in Parstein, Liepe, Serwest, Buchholz, Finow (today Niederfinow), Golzow and Britz with all associated lakes, rivers and fields , Mountains, meadows and pastures.
Area of influence of the Chorin monastery
The Chorin Monastery had a large area of influence for the time. Usually the Ascanian princes built a village every five kilometers, and a town was founded every 20 to 25 kilometers. The monasteries, in turn, were built far away from the cities and mostly on former Slavic fortifications.
Chorin lay between the then important cities of Eberswalde (town charter 1254, previously two villages), Niederfinow (founded as Finow Castle around 1220), Joachimsthal and Oderberg and Angermünde Castle . This relatively large expansion is due, among other things, to the relocation of the monastery from Mariensee to Chorin, and Chorin was on the edge of the Ascanians' sphere of influence and thus had no competition from within its own ranks in the north or east. The Ascanians' outermost outpost was the Stolper Tower , a keep northeast of the city of Angermünde.
The core holdings of the Chorin monastery reached in the west to Joachimsthal and around the Werbellinsee , in the south to Niederfinow with its then still fish-rich Finow Delta, in the east to over the Oder near Stolzenhagen and in the north to Angermünde. The trade influence extended to the cities of Eberswalde, Hohenfinow, Oderberg, Lunow and Stolpe.
architecture
Regarding the building regulations of the Cistercians, determinations were made that also had an impact on the construction of Chorin. Around 1130 sculptures, paintings and pictures were banned, only painted wooden altar crosses were permitted. Bright glass windows without crosses and paintings were permitted. Bell towers were banned in 1157, and bells were allowed to weigh a maximum of 500 pounds. The ban on towers led to the fact that spiral staircases were built into walls in order to be able to reach the roofs.
Georg Dehio described the Choriner monastery church in 1906 as the "most important and noble work of the early Gothic in the area of north German brick building". In fact, the Cistercian monastery with the famous west gable, located six kilometers north of Eberswalde in the Schorfheide-Chorin biosphere reserve, is one of the few medieval buildings in Brandenburg that not only became one of the most prominent creations of the brick region, but also one of the icons of the German Gothic .
Regardless of this, the architectural style of the Chorin monastery can hardly be described as early Gothic. Rather, it is a uniform, high-Gothic ensemble of buildings in which the architecture of the Cistercian Romanesque still had an effect. Like in Lehnin, the monastery church is an elongated three-aisled basilica with a transept . In contrast to the master builders of the Mecklenburg Cistercian churches (Doberan, Dargun), the Chorinians did not orient themselves on the model of the Lübeck Marienkirche , but instead drew on the local building tradition and translated the design of the Lehnin basilica into Gothic.
In doing so, they not only retained the cross-shape of the floor plan, they even adapted the structure of the bound system. The central nave yokes are exactly twice the width of the square aisle aisle yokes and two central nave yokes or four aisle aisle yokes together have the same dimensions as the crossing square . The formal language, on the other hand, is that of the high Gothic and the east end is the hall choir taken over from the Gothic mendicant churches - but in the more elaborate form as a 7/12 polygon. In general, the builders of the church based themselves on the architecture of the Franciscans and Dominicans, although the building decor is again characterized by the greater Cistercian adornment.
At the same time, of course, the building also had to reflect the claim to power of its clients. The choir polygon and above all the west facade were designed and decorated accordingly. According to the Cistercian rule, the latter has no tower; With its elaborate structure with stair towers, pinnacles , crab-studded gables, decorative panels, buttresses and the three pointed arch windows - taken over from Lehnin - it is nonetheless one of the most richly designed and the most balanced of all brick Gothic church facades. The side fronts, like the interior, show the wall elevation of the mendicant order Gothic (Berlin, Erfurt). The static construction is hidden under the aisle penthouse roofs and, when lost, emerges openly towards the cloister. The walls are only divided by narrow services. The smooth wall surfaces contrast clearly with the complicated window tracery, the three-dimensional vegetable pillar capitals, the consoles and the pillars.
The original spatial effect is difficult to assess after the loss of the ribbed vault, the gallery, the choir screen, the stalls, etc. The pillars in Chorin have been changed - a Romanesque design element that one looks for in vain in the Brandenburg Romanesque. Slender bundle pillars alternate with square pillars. At the west end of the nave was a gallery that was reserved for the ruling family. While the west facade stands as a solitaire in the Brandenburg cultural landscape, the polygonal hall choir - the Cistercian church in Schulpforta was often named as the model - had a lasting influence on the development of the Brandenburg church building.
The builders of the monastery left hidden messages in numerous places. In the eastern cloister you will find bricks with incised game boards. A brick was originally incorporated over a choir window, the inscription of which is now interpreted as heretical:
- Abel fieri no (n) valet / si malicia cayn no (n) excercet
- "Abel cannot become if Cain does not test through evil / malice"
Partially existing wall paintings are not true to the original replicas, in which a lot of imagination was obviously involved. According to current knowledge, only a few plaster residues in the north nave of the monastery church can be regarded as original.
Since it was forbidden for the Cistercians to build eye-catching jewelry, a lot of effort was invested in elaborate friezes and consoles. All cloister consoles have different motifs, the interpretation of which includes not only spiritual motifs, but also vegetable, stereometric and mythical animal motifs.
Abolition in the Reformation period
Although the abbots were able to steadily increase their influence and land holdings until the late 15th century, the monastery was secularized as early as 1542 - only three years after the introduction of the Reformation in Brandenburg. However, the dissolution of the monastery had no religious reasons, but was due to the greed of the Hohenzollerns. Elector Joachim II followed the example of other sovereigns who redeveloped themselves with monastery property. Around 1500 there were still disputes about the election of the Chorin abbot, as it was a lucrative post. On the other hand, discipline and order had not been given in the monastery for a long time as it was originally intended. In 1528 the father abbot von Lehnin had to send a monk to Chorin to make sure that the liturgical obligations were still carried out. Inadequate spirituality went hand in hand with economic hardship, and in 1536 the monastery sold the village of Stolzenhagen. During a visit to the Chorin monastery in 1536, Joachim II had forbidden to continue his first attempts at the Reformation.
Shortly before the abolition of the monastery in 1542, Chorin renewed privileges for the town of Niederfinow. The water tariff had been chartered since 1375 and still led to disputes in later centuries. The construction of the Finow Canal was intended to revoke the rights once granted by the monks. According to all instances, Mr. von Hohenfinow, Baron von Vernezobre, had his customs rights recognized again on November 29, 1775. As recently as 1878, the Minister for Trade, Industry and Public Works had to deal with the dispute over the bridge toll and confirmed that the state had to pay the Hohenfinow landowner three marks a day for operating the bridge. Raising and lowering the bridge was carried out by the boatmen themselves since 1792. It was not until the state took over the bridge around 1900 that the centuries-long customs dispute ended.
Due to the later misappropriation, the Thirty Years War and subsequent demolition work, large parts of the church and the enclosure building on its south side were lost. Nevertheless, so much has been preserved from the cloister and the buildings grouped around it that one can still get a good impression of the former effect of the ensemble built according to the "Cistercian ideal plan". Particularly noteworthy are the gate house, the monastery kitchen and the “Fürstensaal” at the northwest end of the enclosure. The western wing and large parts of the eastern wing have been preserved from the cloister. All buildings are stylistically “from one piece” and show the same high Gothic design language, uniform cross rib vaults, rich window tracery, ornamental gables with crabs, ornamental friezes, panel structure etc. as the church. The south wing and large parts of the east wing with the chapter house have been lost.
Decline to romance
After secularization , the former monastery was left to decay from around 1550 until the beginning of the 19th century. The monks continued to live in the monastery for a few years, but it soon became the official residence and domain. The electors visited the burial place of their ancestors less and less. At an unknown time, the facility was then leased and used as a cattle shed.
The dilapidated brick building on the shore of the lake appeared to David Gilly in 1797 as a picturesque place and therefore significant and worth preserving. Almost 20 years later realized Karl Friedrich Schinkel in addition, that the ruins of an outstanding architectural monument and a precious example of medieval history is. After visiting the royal family in Chorin in 1821, the Prussian Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm complained that the church had been abandoned to the pigs . Only the building maintenance measures in the early 19th century ensured the preservation of Chorin as a cultural and historical complex and is historically documented from 1884.
The preservation of medieval buildings during this time served less cultural and historical purposes than the zeitgeist, which saw ruins in the interplay with art and horticulture as an art direction.
After the buildings were a sad sight in the early 19th century, and in Prussia - as everywhere in Germany - in the age of Romanticism there was a turn to its own history and its structural evidence, from 1817 under the direction of Karl Friedrich Schinkel, the security and partial reconstruction of the ruin started. Peter Joseph Lenné designed the gardening environment . Today's visitors, who mostly approach the monastery from the south, can hardly understand why Fontane denied the “picturesque” in his chapter in the “Hikes” of the ruins of the Chorin monastery. In 1997 the office of Britz-Chorin took over the responsibility for the Chorin monastery from the forest administration.
The architect Max Taut and important foresters such as Wilhelm Bando , Max Kienitz , Alfred Dengler , Adolf Olberg , Alexis Scamoni , Egon Wagenknecht and Albert Richter found their final resting place in the monastery cemetery .
Abbots
Not much has been passed on about the Abbots of Chorin; only a few names with assignable dates are known.
| Record year | Surname | Additions and remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1421 | Herrmann | |
| 1431 | Simon | |
| 1454 | Tobias |
  Original grave slab by Abbot Tobias ... and tracing from 1927 (1441–1463) |
| 1466 | Clement | |
| 1478 | Christian | |
| 1483 | Peter | |
| Johann Modde | ||
| Johann Wedemeier | † 1501; was a Benedictine monk , who from the monastery to the Virgin Mary to Luxembourg came |
|
| 1514 | Johann | |
| Briccius | ||
| Peter |
Events
Since 1964, the Choriner Music Summer and other concerts have been held in the buildings in summer . The monastery is also a partner of the German-Polish monastery network , through which joint events are organized.
Movie
The award-winning film Vaya con Dios from 2000 was partly shot in Chorin. The fairy tale film The Princess and the Pea by Bodo Fürneisen from 2010 was also shot in the Chorin Monastery.
literature
- Author collective: contemporary stories. Preservation of monuments in Brandenburg = Choriner Kapitel, Issue 140. 2005, ISBN 978-3-936932-07-2 .
- Ernst Badstübner : Monastery architecture and sovereignty. For the interpretation of the architectural form of Brandenburg monastery churches. In: Friedrich Möbius, Ernst Schubert: Architecture of the Middle Ages. Function and shape. Böhlau, Weimar 1983, pp. 184-239.
- Matthias Barth: Romanesque and Gothic in Brandenburg and Berlin - architecture and building decor of the Middle Ages. Freiburg 2009.
- Marcus Cante: Cistercian monastery Chorin: history - research - monument preservation = research and contributions to monument preservation in the state of Brandenburg 15 (2013), ISBN 978-3-88462-342-8 .
- Ursula Creutz: History of the former monasteries of the diocese of Berlin. Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-89543-087-0 .
- Annette Dorgerloh , Petra Winarsky, Iris Berndt: Romantic longing - staged decay = Choriner Chapter, Issue 143, ISBN 3-936932-00-X .
- Wolfgang Erdmann : Cistercian Abbey Chorin. History, architecture, cult and piety, prince claims and self-portrayal, monastic economics and interactions with the medieval environment. With the collaboration of Gisela Gooß, Manfred Krause u. Gunther Nisch. Koenigstein i. Ts. 1994. ISBN 3-7845-0352-7 .
- Gisela Gooß, Adina Günther: Between four cities - the former core property of the Cistercian monastery Chorin. ISBN 3-936932-24-7 .
- Heinz-Dieter Heimann, Klaus Neitmann , Winfried Schich (eds.): Brandenburg monastery book. Handbook of the monasteries, pens and commander by the mid-16th century. 2 volumes. Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-937233-26-0 , pp. 329-359.
- Manfred Krause, Blandine Wittkopp : Recollection - The burial place of the Ascanians in the monastery Chorin = Choriner chapter, booklet 32.
- Manfred Krause: A village in the shadow of the monastery - The village of Chorin in the Middle Ages 1258–1575 = Choriner chapter, booklet 200. ISBN 3-936932-06-9
- Andreas Meinecke: Persius' building recordings of the monastery church Chorin against the background of the development of monument preservation under Friedrich Wilhelm IV. In: Foundation Prussian Palaces and Gardens Berlin-Brandenburg. Yearbook 5 (2003), pp. 19-30 .
- Albrecht Milnik : Forest graves in the monastery cemetery Chorin. Kessel, Remagen-Oberwinter 2008, ISBN 978-3-941300-01-9 .
- Wolf Russow and Nadine Jentzsch: Chronicle of the Mariensee Monastery 1258 - 1273 - 2007. ISBN 3-936932-13-1
- Wolfgang Ribbe : On the religious policy of the Ascanians. Cistercians and sovereignty in the Elbe-Oder region. In: Cistercian Studies I = Studies on European History, 11th Berlin 1975, pp. 77–96.
- Joseph Roth : Places . Leipzig, Reclam 1990. ISBN 3-379-00575-4 , pp. 83-87 ( excursion to Chorin ).
- Winfried Schich: Monasteries and cities as new central places of the high Middle Ages in the area east of the middle Elbe. In: Karl-Heinz Spieß (Hrsg.): Landscapes in the Middle Ages. Stuttgart 2006, pp. 113-134.
- Walther Schleyer: The building history of the Chorin monastery. Prenzlau, 1928.
- JA Schmoll called Eisenwerth: The Chorin Monastery and the Ascanic architecture in the Mark Brandenburg 1260–1320 = publications of the Berlin Historical Commission at the Friedrich Meinecke Institute of the Free University of Berlin 2. Berlin 1961.
- Oskar Schwebel: Chorin Monastery. In: Richard George (ed.): Hie good Brandenburg always! Historical and cultural images from the past of the Mark and from old Berlin up to the death of the Great Elector. W. Pauli's Nachf., Berlin 1900 .
- Harald Schwillus, Stefan Beier: Cistercians between order ideal and sovereigns. More-Verlag, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-87554-321-1 .
- Stephan Warnatsch: History of the Lehnin Monastery 1180–1542 = Studies on the history, art and culture of the Cistercians, Volume 12.1. Lukas Verlag, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-931836-45-2 (Also: Dissertation at the Free University of Berlin, 1999).
- Stephan Warnatsch: History of the Lehnin Monastery 1180–1542 = Studies on the history, art and culture of the Cistercians. Register directory. Volume 12.2. ISBN 3-931836-46-0 .
Web links
- Entry in the monument database of the State of Brandenburg
- Official website of the Chorin monastery
- Chorin at cistercensi.info
- Presentation of the Chorin monastery on the website of the German-Polish monastery network
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Manfred Krause: A village in the shadow of the monastery - The village of Chorin in the Middle Ages 1258–1575. In: Choriner Kapitel , Issue 200, ISBN 3-936932-06-9 , p. 4
- ↑ Wolf Russow, Nadine Jentzsch: Chronicle of the Mariensee Monastery 1258–1273–2007. ISBN 3-936932-13-1 , pp. 5ff.
- ↑ Paul Eichholz: The art monuments of the Angermünde district. Book III Chorin Monastery, Vossische Buchhandlung, Berlin 1927, p. 165
- ↑ Georg Wilhelm von Raumer : The Neumark Brandenburg in 1337 or Margrave Ludwig's the Aelter Neumärkisches Landbuch from this time . Berlin 1837, pp. 22-24, No. 5).
- ↑ W. Riehl and J. Scheu (eds.): Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg with the Margraviate Nieder-Lausitz in their history and in their present existence . Berlin 1861, p. 287, below.
- ↑ Stefan Warnatsch: History of the Lehnin Monastery…. P. 64f
- ↑ Harald Schwillus, Stefan Beier: Cistercians between ... , pp. 11, 16
- ↑ Wolfgang Erdmann: Cistercian Abbey Chorin. .... P. 7
- ↑ Gisela Gooß, Adina Günther: Between four cities - The former core property of the Cistercian monastery Chorin. ISBN 3-936932-24-7 , p. 14
- ↑ Manfred Krause: A village in the shadow of the monastery - The village of Chorin in the Middle Ages 1258–1575. Choriner Chapter booklet 200, ISBN 3-936932-06-9 , p. 12
- ↑ Wolfgang Erdmann: Cistercian Abbey Chorin. History, architecture, cult and piety, prince claims and self-portrayal, monastic economics and interactions with the medieval environment. With the collaboration of Gisela Gooß, Manfred Krause u. Gunther Nisch. Koenigstein i. Ts. 1994 (= The Blue Books), ISBN 3-7845-0352-7 , p. 57
- ↑ Annette Dorgerloh , Petra Winarsky, Iris Berndt: Romantic longing - staged decay. Choriner chapter booklet 143, ISBN 3-936932-00-X , p. 3ff
- ^ Repairs In: Centralblatt der Bauverwaltung , No. 31, August 2, 1884, p. 320; Retrieved December 30, 2012
- ↑ Chorin Monastery in the 15th century. Retrieved November 11, 2019 .
- ↑ a b Chorin Monastery in the 16th century. Retrieved November 11, 2019 .
- ↑ The Princess and the Pea at the Berlin-Brandenburg radio station