Max Kienitz
Max Kienitz (born November 4, 1849 in Pätzig (today Piaseczno) near Bad Schönfließ ( Neumark ); † June 5, 1931 in Bad Freienwalde (Oder) ) was a German forester and forest scientist . He stood out primarily as a forest botanist , but was also one of the pioneers of nature conservation . On his initiative, the Plagefenn was established in 1907 as the first nature reserve in northern Germany.
Life
After attending the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Realschule in Berlin , Kienitz completed a practical apprenticeship in the head forester's Dammendorf near Beeskow from 1869 to 1870 and took the student examination. He then did his military service as a one-year volunteer in Berlin and took part in the Franco-German War . From 1871 to 1872 he worked as a forestry eleve in the Schwenow Forest District near Beeskow. From 1872 to 1874 he studied at the Royal Prussian Forest Academy in Hannoversch Münden . After the first forestry exam, Kienitz prepared in Marburg in three years of practical forestry work for the state exam , which he passed in 1877. Then he remained as an assistant at the Botanical Institute of the Academy of Forestry Hannoversch Munden and received his doctorate in 1878 at the University of Göttingen to work Comparative germination experiments with forest tree seeds from climate different places situated in Central Europe to Dr. phil. In 1879 he followed a call to the Prussian Forest Academy in Eberswalde , where he taught botany as a substitute for Oscar Brefeld . In 1882 Kienitz returned to Hannoversch Münden as head forester of the Gahrenberg teaching area, before finally switching to the Eberswalde Forest Academy in 1888 as a teacher. There he represented u. a. the subjects of forest protection , hunting and agriculture for foresters. Until his retirement in 1921, he also managed the Chorin teaching area .
Kienitz had been married since 1882. He had three sons.
Kienitz spent his twilight years in Bad Freienwalde, where he died on June 5, 1931. His grave is in the Chorin monastery cemetery .
Services
As a forester and university professor, Kienitz stood for the principle of the close connection between forest theory and practice throughout his life.
He dealt extensively with the problem of forest provenance and advocated that distant origins of native tree species should not be used as seeds. In 1908 he and Adam Schwappach set up the international provenance test with the common pine in Department 85 Chorin .
On December 29, 1906, Kienitz applied for an area of 177 hectares around the Plagefenn and the Plagesee near Chorin to be placed under nature protection. As early as February 4, 1907, the Prussian Minister for Agriculture, Domains and Forests approved this request. The Plagefenn was designated as the first north German nature reserve that still exists today, partly as a total reserve.
The “Kienitz fire protection strip” for the prevention of forest fires due to flying sparks from steam locomotives goes back to Max Kienitz . It was adopted throughout Prussia as well as in Saxony and Bavaria .
During the First World War , Kienitz developed the theoretical and practical basis for the “Choriner Harzungsverfahren”, a method of extracting resin from the common pine that was tailored to Central European conditions.
Honors
The Eberswalde Forest Academy awarded Kienitz an honorary doctorate on the occasion of his 80th birthday .
In Bad Freienwalde a street and a nature trail are named after him, in Britz a school. There has been a Kienitz memorial stone in the Plagefenn nature reserve since 1955.
Fonts
- About forms and varieties of native forest trees , Berlin 1879
- Key to determining the most important woods cultivated in Germany according to characteristics recognizable to the naked eye , Münden 1879
- Comparative germination experiments with forest tree seeds from climatically different locations in Central Europe. With 10 plates , dissertation (Göttingen), in print: Heidelberg 1879
- Measures to prevent forest fires , Berlin 1904
- The Plagefenn a natural monument , Schwedt 1927 (2nd edition, Angermünde 1934)
literature
- Rainer Wudowenz: Forester Dr. Dr. eh Max Kienitz. 1849-1931 . Exhibitions in the Alte Forstakademie Eberswalde, booklet 6. Fachhochschule Eberswalde, Eberswalde 1996, 105 pp.
- Klaus Höppner: 100 Years of the Plagefenn Nature Reserve - An example of successful interaction between forestry and nature conservation (PDF; 6.1 MB). In: Proceedings of the anniversary event from May 11 to 12, 2007 in Chorin, Eberswalder Forstliche Schriftenreihe , Vol. XXXI, 2007, pp. 11–21.
- Gerhard Stinglwagner , Ilse Haseder , Reinhold Erlbeck: The cosmos forest and forest lexicon . 5th edition. Franckh-Kosmos, 2016, ISBN 978-3-440-15524-0 , pp. 494 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
Web links
- Literature by and about Max Kienitz in the catalog of the German National Library
- Works by and about Max Kienitz in the German Digital Library
- Short biography on the homepage of the Max Kienitz School in Britz
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Kienitz, Max |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German forest master and forest scientist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | November 4, 1849 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Pätzig at Bad Schönfließ |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 5, 1931 |
| Place of death | Bad Freienwalde (Oder) |