Berlin-Biesdorf

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Biesdorf
district of Berlin
Berlin Marzahn Hellersdorf Kaulsdorf Mahlsdorf Biesdorf BrandenburgBiesdorf on the map of Marzahn-Hellersdorf
About this picture
Coordinates 52 ° 30 '33 "  N , 13 ° 33' 19"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 30 '33 "  N , 13 ° 33' 19"  E
surface 12.44 km²
Residents 28,069 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density 2256 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation Oct. 1, 1920
Post Code 12683
District number 1002
structure
Administrative district Marzahn-Hellersdorf
Locations
  • Oberfeldstrasse
  • Buckower Ring
  • Alt-Biesdorf
  • Biesdorf South

Biesdorf is a Berlin district in the Marzahn-Hellersdorf district , which became part of the Berlin urban area in 1920 as part of the formation of Greater Berlin . Together with Kaulsdorf and Mahlsdorf , this is Germany's largest contiguous area with one and two-family houses .

location

Biesdorf extends on both sides of the federal highways B 1 / B 5 that run on the same route . It is divided into the four LOR planning areas Oberfeldstraße (north of the railway line and west of the Blumberger Damm ), Buckower Ring (north of the railway line and east of the Blumberger Damm), Alt-Biesdorf (between the railway line and the underground line ) and Biesdorf- South (south of the underground line).

history

Beginnings

As extensive archaeological studies from the years 1999 to 2014 show, it already happened around 7000 BC. To settlements in today's Biesdorf. Since around 1000 BC The area was permanently settled.

Biesdorf itself (like many other places in the area) was first mentioned in a document in 1375 in the land book of Charles IV , with 62 hooves , four of which were parish hooves and one church hoof. Hennig von der Gröben from the Brandenburg noble family von der Gröben was the landlord of Bysterstorff or Bisterstorff . In 1472 Werner and Bertram were of Pfuel with the entire village Biesdorf invested ; They also had church patronage . With the Reformation in the Mark Brandenburg in 1539, Biesdorf became the mother church of Kaulsdorf , later also of Mahlsdorf, and in the first decades after 1539 also of Marzahn. The first pastor was Thomas Meier.

The Thirty Years' War caused destruction and population decline in Biesdorf: while in 1624, six years after the start of the war, there were 19 farmers and 13 kossas , in 1652 (according to the Landreiter report) there were only four farmers and six kossas. In 1637 the village, which had belonged to the Pfuel family for many years, was confiscated . After the death of Elector Georg Wilhelm, Kurt Bertram von Pfuel received his goods back from the new Elector Friedrich Wilhelm in 1643 . In 1653 and 1666, Elector Friedrich Wilhelm Biesdorf acquired Biesdorf in two steps. The village was subordinated to the electoral office of Köpenick and remained in the possession of the elector or king until 1872. In 1806 a parade of French troops under Marshal Davout took place in the Biesdorfer Feldmark, which was approved by Napoleon .

Biesdorf Castle

The Biesdorf castle was in 1868 by Heino Schmieden as late classical built tower villa. For the first time in 1874 a municipal representative election took place in the village of Biesdorf. The village belonged to the newly formed district of Biesdorf, the estate remained legally independent until 1920. From 1872 to 1920 the village community and the estate were part of the Niederbarnim district . In 1885 the Biesdorf station was opened on the Prussian Eastern Railway (Berlin- Eydtkuhnen ). In 1891 Biesdorf was connected to the Berlin suburban tariff.

On February 17, 1887, Werner von Siemens acquired the 600  hectare Biesdorf estate including the manor house and in 1889 transferred it to his son Wilhelm . He had the manor park expanded to 14 hectares between 1891 and 1898 and expanded as a landscape park by the garden architect Albert Brodersen .

After three years of construction, the Institute for Epileptic Wuhlgarten, today's Wilhelm-Griesinger Hospital, opened in 1893 .

In 1909 the airship hangar was built in Biesdorf-Süd .

With the connection of Biesdorf to the Eastern Railway in 1885 and the turn of the 20th century, increased settlement activity began in Biesdorf, and from 1904 the place received water and gas connections. In 1906 the area “Biesdorfhöhe”, which was around the station and north of the station, was renamed “Biesdorf-Nord”. The Biesdorfer Bahnhofsgaststätte (meanwhile demolished, most recently: the “Paule” restaurant) was opened in the course of the connection, according to city maps, probably before 1893 as the “Freihof” restaurant.

In 1914 the power supply was added. At this time the villa colony Biesdorf-Süd was created. By 1933 the settlements Neu-Biesdorf, Kolonie Daheim and Biesenhorst were established. Between 1907 and 1909 the first rotatable airship hangar in Biesdorf-Süd was built on land in Biesdorf according to plans by Karl Janisch . On January 23, 1911, the first 40-minute test run of the Siemens Schuckert airship (SSL) took place. Biesenhorst was bordered in the north by the Fuchsberge, which was leveled after 1945 - a popular winter sports area for Berliners. To the west, the pioneer barracks and the buildings of the former airfield bordered the colony. Around 1940 half of the colony was evacuated in favor of the railway construction and the residents were relocated to the city.

Biesdorf as part of Berlin 1920–1933

Biesdorf was incorporated into Greater Berlin in 1920 and part of the Lichtenberg district . An office was set up in the district, which was also responsible for Marzahn from 1923 . On 21/22 December 1927 the city of Berlin bought the estate, palace and park Biesdorf for six million marks . The 14 hectare park was open to the public from Whitsun 1928. Police offices were built in the lower rooms of the palace, and in 1929 the Biesdorf local office was set up in the palace. On November 6, 1928, Biesdorf was connected to the electrical S-Bahn network .

Biesdorf under National Socialism

After the " seizure of power " by the National Socialists in 1933, the Biesdorf doctor Arno Philippsthal became one of the first Jewish victims in Berlin. He was arrested on March 21, 1933 and died on April 3, 1933 as a result of the abuse. In the same year, the local branch of the NSDAP and NSV also moved into Biesdorf Castle. From 1934 onwards, as a result of the “ Law for the Prevention of Hereditary Diseased Offspring ”, forced sterilizations were also carried out in the Wuhlgarten Institute for Epileptic Diseases . At least 689 patients were deported to killing centers as part of the so-called " euthanasia program ", Aktion T4 .

Between 1940 and 1942 the "community camps " No. 12-14 and 56 of the General Building Inspector for the Reich capital were set up in Biesdorf as foreign and forced labor camps . During the construction of the new marshalling yard, which was never finished, first French, then Soviet prisoners of war were used (Biesenhorst-Fuchsberge). Forced laborers also had to replace those who were deployed in the war at the local farmers . In May 1942, the AEG rented the hall extension of a Biesdorf restaurant. a. was used by the Catholics in Biesdorf-Nord and Marzahn for church services in order to accommodate forced laborers there. On March 30, 1943, 13 people were killed in a heavy air raid . Another bombing raid on the night of December 24, 1944 resulted in more fatalities north of the Fuchsberge. On April 5, 1945, bombs fell south of the Fuchsberge without personal injury.

Gisela Reissenberger and her mother Elsa Ledetsch hid five Jewish citizens in their homes in 1943/1944 . In 1988 they were honored as “ Righteous Among the Nations ” by the Yad Vashem Memorial in Jerusalem . On April 22, 1945 the Red Army reached Biesdorf, which was defended in particular by the Volkssturm and scattered parts of a Danish Waffen-SS unit. The day before, the second floor and the interior of the Biesdorf Palace, which was the headquarters of the NSDAP local group at the time, were destroyed - presumably by the arson of a Danish Waffen SS commando -, possibly to remove items stored in the palace (rumors speak of - from the NSDAP party leadership Berlin or the Gestapo - files, counterfeit money or forged passports) not to fall into Russian hands. Some objects are said to have been buried in the vicinity in trenches and shelters.

After Biesdorf was captured by the Red Army (April 22/23, 1945), Fritz Dzyck was appointed mayor by the occupying power.

Biesdorf 1945-2000

At the end of May / beginning of June 1945, 36 houses in Biesdorf were confiscated for senior employees of the authorities and cultural institutions, and in October 1946 several properties were returned. The first mayor of post-war Berlin, Arthur Werner , appointed by the Soviets on May 17, 1945 , also moved into his official apartment here.

During the same period, parts of the Paradiessiedlung (Dillinger Weg, Frankenholzer Weg, Püttlinger Straße) were confiscated for the Red Army and separated from the remaining parts by a wooden wall. The Red Army moved into quarters there and in the former forced labor camp (Frankenholzer Weg). It was not until the 1950s that the Red Army left the houses in the paradise settlement. The grounds of the former forced labor camp were later taken over by the NVA and, in breach of the Four Power Agreement, stationed a facility of the Ministry for National Defense of the GDR, the Erich Weinert Ensemble (EWE). This ensemble consisted of a choir, symphonic orchestra, dance orchestra / big band , ballet, cabaret, vocal soloists and actors, dramaturges, conductors, directors, choreographers as well as technical and organizational employees of a theater ensemble company (these were unarmed, but later became self-defense armed with handguns).

The Biesdorf manor was confiscated by the Red Army and a mourning hall was set up in the rooms for fallen or deceased Soviet soldiers, but the rooms were also used for other types of celebrations (medals, May 1st ). The dead soldiers were provisionally buried in the manor park, and after the Soviet Army moved out, the dead were reburied in Soviet military cemeteries.

Biesdorf village church
Biesdorf-Center , seen from the Elsterwerdaer Platz underground station

In 1951 the church on the Anger, which was destroyed in the Second World War, was consecrated in a simplified form after the reconstruction and was given the name Gnadenkirche. In 1952 the Biesdorfer Gut, which was occupied by the Red Army in 1945, became a state-owned estate . In 1953, construction workers on the construction site of the Biesdorf student residence took part in the popular uprising of June 17 against the SED regime.

The manor house and manor park, which had been used for cultural purposes since 1955, were listed as a historical monument in 1977 . In 1979, Biesdorf was spun off from the previous Lichtenberg district and became part of the then new Marzahn district .

Until 1985, through traffic on the Alt-Biesdorf road passed the church in both directions north of the village green. With the expansion of the street, the traffic leading out of town was relocated to the south side, so that the church has been between the two lanes ever since.

The Biesdorfer Gutspark, including the park stage, ice cellar and pond, was reopened in 1993 after a reconstruction. In 1998 a tea house and a reading garden were handed over. In 1997 the Berlin Accident Hospital opened on Warener Strasse. In 1999/2000 archaeological excavations were carried out in Biesdorf-Süd. The finds go back to around 9,000 years ago. A large part can be seen today in the Märkisches Museum .

Party school for DKP members

The former Wilhelm Griesinger Hospital in Biesdorf was partly occupied by the Red Army in 1945 . When the Red Army released these parts of the clinic in 1970, the SED set up a party school for West German DKP members in some of these buildings , which was officially a branch of the Franz Mehring Institute of the Karl Marx University in Leipzig . The school was in operation until 1989.

Within the DKP and its related youth organization SDAJ , the term “Biesdorf” was identical with “party school”. In the 1970s and 1980s, several hundred members graduated from this party school in three-, six-, or twelve-month courses.

Biesdorf after 2000

In 2001 Biesdorf became part of the Marzahn-Hellersdorf district as part of the district merger. Since 2002 the residential park “Erntedankweg” has been built directly north of the S-Bahn . In March 2003, the BMW Berlin branch opened at the corner of Alt-Biesdorf and Blumberger Damm. Shortly afterwards, in April 2003, the Biesdorf Center was opened on Weißenhöher Strasse. In 2004, the leasing of the business park began, on the site of which single-family houses were later built. In December 2004 the library in Schloss Biesdorf was closed.

In February 2008, a citizens' office was opened in the Polimedica health center on Elsterwerdaer Platz . It is one of three civil offices in the Marzahn-Hellersdorf district.

By 2016, Biesdorf Castle had been renovated in accordance with historical monuments and expanded to include the upper floor that burned down after the Second World War.

The three large single-family home areas Habichtshorst , Grüne Aue and Gut Champignon were built with several hundred houses within ten years.

Between the Alt-Biesdorf and Weißenhöher Strasse, a new residential area with around 500 apartments will be built on the site of the old manor, which is expected to give the village center of Biesdorf a new look.

population

The brisk construction activity in Biesdorf has also had an impact on the development of the population.

year Oberfeldstrasse Buckower Ring Alt-Biesdorf Biesdorf South Biesdorf as a whole
2006 7,936 5,747 2,393 8,057 24,133
2009 7,762 5,645 2,583 8,553 24,543
2012 7,832 5,863 2,674 8,965 25,334
2015 7,778 5,844 2,949 9,181 25,752
2018 7,871 6.311 3,497 9,733 27,412
2019 7,820 6,671 3,494 10,084 28,069

Inhabitants registered under registration law at the place of their main residence on December 31, according to living environment-oriented rooms (LOR)

Sights and culture

Attractions

Memorial stones

In two places of today is in Biesdorf on the grounds Accident Hospital Berlin and the eye clinic Marzahn of euthanasia victims in the era of National Socialism in the form of a memorial stone thought. One of the two stones is located near the main entrance to the eye clinic and bears the inscription “In memory of the euthanasia victims 1940–1941”. The second memorial stone is in the Wuhlegarten and commemorates the patients who were placed in a mass grave here. This bears the inscription “Here in May 1945 180 patients as victims of the Second World War were laid to rest in a communal grave. May the earth become light for them ”.

Culture

Theater am Park, seen from Frankenholzer Weg

Cultural events such as readings and smaller theater performances as well as exhibitions often take place in Schloss Biesdorf.

In addition, there are events in the Theater am Park , in the hospital church in Wuhlgarten as well as occasional lectures on medical history in the old boiler house of the Wilhelm-Griesinger-Hospital . Since 2000, the traditional Biesdorf Blossom Festival has been taking place at Biesdorf Castle every year in May .

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

education

- Choice of educational institutions -

  • Primary school on Fuchsberg, Dankratweg from 1997 to 2018, then move to a new building on Apfelwicklerstraße
  • Johann Strauss Primary School, Cecilienstraße
  • Georg-Klingenberg-Schule (integrated secondary school), Alberichstrasse
  • Otto-Nagel-Gymnasium, Schulstrasse
  • Wilhelm-von-Siemens-Gymnasium, Allee der Kosmonauten
  • School at the Pappelhof (special needs school), Ketschendorfer Weg

health

Sports

The oldest still existing sports club in Biesdorf is VfB Fortuna Biesdorf, founded in 1905 with 13 soccer teams (as of 2017). There are also other sports clubs in Biesdorf:

traffic

View of Elsterwerdaer Platz

Biesdorf is in east-west direction of the joint on route guided federal roads B 1 / B 5 along the road Alt-Biesdorf traversed Blumberg and North-South direction from the Straßenzug Damm / Kopenickerstrasse. Another north-south connection is Oberfeldstraße, which existed together with the Grabensprung road as a continuous connection between Biesdorf North and Biesdorf South until the Blumberger Damm was built in the 1980s . Today the route is interrupted at the intersection with the Ostbahn, the level crossing is only passable for pedestrians and cyclists.

Main hub for public transport is the Elsterwerdaer Platz , at which several bus lines of the BVG strike. The underground station was opened to traffic on July 1, 1988 , together with the Biesdorf-Süd underground station , also located in the district, as part of the extension of today's U5 line .

North of the village center of Biesdorf, at the intersection of Oberfeldstrasse and the Ostbahn , is the Biesdorf S-Bahn station , which opened on August 1, 1885 . This is located on the S-Bahn line 5 and has two side platforms that are connected by a pedestrian bridge. By June 2011, three elevators were installed with funds from the economic stimulus program of the federal government and the state of Berlin, the platforms are now barrier-free . The station is connected to the Berlin bus network with line 192 .

Personalities

See also

literature

  • District Office Marzahn of Berlin (ed.): Biesdorf and Marzahn. From the story of two villages. A reader. Berlin 2000.
  • Hans-Jürgen Rach: The villages in Berlin. A handbook of the former rural communities in the urban area of ​​Berlin. 2nd Edition. Verlag für Bauwesen, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-345002-43-4 .
  • Günther Peters: Biesdorf - in the middle of Berlin. In: The historical place. No. 103. Kai Homilius Verlag , Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-89706-102-3 ( reading sample ).
  • Bernd Maether: Biesdorf Castle. In: The historical place. No. 42. Kai Homilius Verlag, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-931121-41-0 ( reading sample ).
  • Lutz Heuer : The municipal housing estate in Berlin-Biesdorf after World War II (May 1945 to October 1946). Interesting facts about their origins and the lives of their residents (=  booklets on GDR history , booklet 135), 2nd, expanded and updated edition, Helle Panke, Berlin 2015.

Web links

Commons : Berlin-Biesdorf  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 10 prejudices about Marzahn. Retrieved September 2, 2010 .
  2. ↑ Address directory for the living-world-oriented spaces in Berlin. Marzahn-Hellersdorf
  3. ↑ Berlin's largest excavation: the Biesdorf research area is presented in the Museum of Prehistory and Early History. Press release from the Marzahn-Hellersdorf District Office, September 16, 2019
  4. ^ A b Carl Eduard Geppert: Chronicle of Berlin from the creation of the city to today: Berlin under King Friedrich Wilhelm the First . Chronicle of Berlin from the creation of the city until today: Berlin under King Friedrich Wilhelm the First. tape 2 . Rubach, 1840, p. 285 ( digitized ).
  5. ^ European Peace Forum : Contemporary witnesses report on the end of the war in 1945 and May 8, 1945 as the day of liberation from fascism, p. 4; PDF
  6. ↑ Lutz Heuer: The municipal and prominent settlement in Berlin-Biesdorf after 1945 Verlag Kulturring e. V., ISBN 3-9805340-6-5 .
  7. ^ Citizens' Registration Office in Marzahn-Hellersdorf
  8. ↑ Urban development area Biesdorf-Süd. Balance of the development ( Memento from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  9. ↑ Starting shot for development on the old Biesdorf estate. In: Berliner Woche , Marzahn edition, September 22, 2017
  10. ^ Datasets from the Berlin-Brandenburg Statistical Office
  11. ↑ Statistical report AI 16 - hj 2/15 residents in the state of Berlin on December 31, 2015. LOR planning rooms , p. 26
  12. ↑ Statistical report AI 16 - hj 2/18 residents in the state of Berlin on December 31, 2018. LOR planning rooms , p. 27
  13. ↑ Statistical report AI 16 - hj 2/19 residents in the state of Berlin on December 31, 2019. LOR planning rooms , p. 26
  14. ↑ [1]
  15. ^ Hospital church in the Wuhlgarten
  16. ↑ Memorial sites in Biesdorf on mahe.berlin
  17. ^ Website Fuchsberg Elementary School
  18. ↑ VfB Fortuna Biesdorf website , retrieved on November 28, 2017.
  19. ↑ Berlin Bullets website
  20. ^ Website of the women's soccer club
  21. ↑ Fortuna Biesdorf website
  22. ^ Address TC Berolina Biesdorf on the Senate page
  23. ^ Website TV Blau-Weiß Biesdorf
  24. ^ Website Marzahner Volleyball Club
  25. ↑ Third elevator in operation at Biesdorf S-Bahn station. In: Zeitung Punkt 3. June 23, 2011, accessed on April 14, 2018 .
  26. ^ Artist in Biesdorf: Eduard von Winterstein. Press release from the Marzahn-Hellersdorf District Office, February 6, 2019
  27. ^ Marzahn-Hellersdorfer conversation on history: A Bavarian in Biesdorf. Press release from the Marzahn-Hellersdorf District Office, September 26, 2016
  28. ↑ New center? New desert! In: Der Tagesspiegel , May 5, 2013
  29. ↑ His masterpiece the world clock. ( Memento from June 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) In: Die Hellersdorfer, May 2016 edition, p. 2