Erkner
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 52 ° 25 ' N , 13 ° 45' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Brandenburg | |
| County : | Oder-Spree | |
| Height : | 40 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 16.53 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 11,856 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 717 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 15537 | |
| Area code : | 03362 | |
| License plate : | LOS, BSK, EH, FW | |
| Community key : | 12 0 67 124 | |
| LOCODE : | DE ZAD | |
City administration address : |
Friedrichstrasse 6-8 15537 Erkner |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Henryk mushroom | |
| Location of the city of Erkner in the Oder-Spree district | ||
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Erkner is a small town in the Oder-Spree district in Brandenburg . It borders on Berlin to the southeast .
geography
Erkner is located in a wooded area between the Dämeritzsee , an extension of the Spree , and the Flakensee , into which the Löcknitz flows in the city area . Neighboring towns are Woltersdorf , Grünheide (Mark) , Gosen-Neu Zittau and Berlin.
City structure
Erkner includes the residential areas Alte Hausstelle, Heim Gottesschutz, Hohenbinde, Jägerbude, Karutzhöhe, Neu Buchhorst, New Zealand, Schönschornstein and Spreeeck
history
Erkner was first mentioned in 1579 under the name “Arckenow” in the Rüdersdorfer church book as a fisherman's residence (“Wednesday s post Convers, Pauli had Hans the fisherman baptized in Arckenow and is called Maria”) . The name Erkenau - Erkener - Erkner developed from this field name. By 1701 the fishing settlement Arckenow had only grown to seven houses.
This changed when a post office was set up in Erkner for the new post line from Berlin to Frankfurt (Oder) in 1712 .
From 1748, three Palatinate farming families settled on the Buchhorst in what is now New Zealand as part of the Frederician internal colonization . They later moved their farms to the eastern part of what is now Buchhorster Strasse. One of these courtyards with Erkner's oldest house is now home to the “Erkner Local History Museum”.
The Prussian King Friedrich II. Had a mulberry plantation consisting of 1,500 trees laid out in Erkner in 1752 , of which only one tree remains in Friedrichstrasse today.
1805 lived in the "I. Heidedistrikt der Rüdersdorfer Heide ”(it comprised the present day city of Erkner south of the Flaken river including the Woltersdorfer Schleuse ) 260 people. At that time, Erkner was a skipper's village with several places to live: "Der Erkner", Neu Buchhorst, Schönschornstein, Alte Hausstelle, Hohenbinde, Jägerbude and, until 1884, Woltersdorf lock. Conveniently located on the waterways between Oder, Spree, Havel and Elbe, the mass transports of lime, coal and other raw materials between the lime deposits of Rüdersdorf / Kalkberge and Berlin (“Berlin is built out of a barge”) and the rapidly developing industrial area were particularly important Silesia and Berlin, the trips of the Schiffer Erkner, but also the neighboring towns, such as Gosen-Neu Zittau or Woltersdorf .
From 1818 to 1952 Erkner belonged to the Niederbarnim district .
In 1822, two thirds of the families named “Schiffer” as the head of the family in a list of residents. This trade - supported by up to five shipyards - remained important for Erkner until the end of the 19th century.
In 1842 the Berlin-Frankfurt Railway was opened with the Erkner stop, but the following year it was extended to the station due to the great popularity of Berlin day trippers. From 1846 this railway line connected with the Lower Silesian - now known as the Lower Silesian-Märkische Eisenbahn - Berlin via Erkner with Breslau and thus the two most important industrial areas in Prussia besides the Ruhr area.
In 1854 the construction of the first schoolhouse began in Erkner, which was demolished in 1912.
The industrialization of Erkner was initiated with the establishment of the first large continental European tar distillation by Julius Rütgers in 1860. In 1909, in collaboration with Leo Baekeland, the first industrial production of plastics ( Bakelite ) began on the company premises . Bakelite Gesellschaft mbH Berlin-Erkner was founded here on May 25, 1910 . It wasn't until the end of the year that Baekeland's company was founded in the USA.
The exhaust gases from tar production, which were considered to be beneficial to health at the time, led Erkner to call himself a climatic health resort from around 1880 until the end of the Second World War and thus sought to increase tourism. As the most prominent permanent spa guest, the writer and later Nobel Prize winner Gerhart Hauptmann lived in Erkner from 1885 to 1889, to whom this air change had been recommended by his doctors.
The First Heath District has officially been named Erkner since 1888.
In 1910 the Catholic parish of St. Bonifatius Erkner was founded.
In 1928, Erkner was connected to the Berlin S-Bahn network, and the S-Bahn connection between Erkner and Potsdam was established via the Berlin Stadtbahn , a section of which still exists as line S3.
As part of the armament of the Wehrmacht by the National Socialists, a branch of the Schweinfurt United Kugellagerfabriken AG (VKF, from 1953 SKF ) was opened, which by 1944 (according to a US leaflet after the 1944 bombing) had become the "most important ball bearing plant of the German armaments industry" should be. Many of the 2000 people who worked there during the war were slave laborers .
On March 8, 1944, Erkner was attacked by units of the 8th Air Force of the USAAF with 320 B-17 and 150 B-24 bombers. A total of 291.5 tons of explosive and 609 tons of incendiary ammunition fell on the site. Around 230 people died, 1,007 of 1,333 houses were completely destroyed or were almost uninhabitable. Erkner was handed over to the Red Army on April 21, 1945 without a fight .
The " VEB Plasta Kunstharz- und Preßmassenfabrik Erkner ", which became one of the largest companies in the city, was built on the site of Bakelite GmbH, which was damaged in the war and then dismantled . The plant specialized in high-strength, fiber-reinforced molding compounds and technical phenolic resins . In 1977 a research center for thermosets was added. However, at the expense of the environment, modernization of the plant was largely avoided, which led to strong odor and groundwater pollution. The site was renovated after the fall of the Wall , and pollutant emissions were reduced by 94%. The reduction in pollutants in groundwater continues to this day. This company has belonged to the Finnish Dynea since 2002.
A second large employer in the town was the successor to the Rütgerswerke "VEB Teerdestillation und Chemische Fabrik Erkner", which was expropriated in 1945 and later became part of the PCK Schwedt from Erkner . Many school classes in Erkner had sponsor brigades in these companies. After approx. 135 years, the history of this Erkner strongly formative company ended in 1995 with the complete demolition. The former company premises at Erkner train station today houses the town hall and the bus station, among other things.
As the first place in East Germany after German reunification , Erkner was granted city rights on June 6, 1998 . A year later, the city was classified as the middle center of the state of Brandenburg. On December 4, 2012, the city council decided to add “Gerhart-Hauptmann-Stadt” to the name.
Population development
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Territory of the respective year, number of inhabitants: as of December 31 (from 1991), from 2011 based on the 2011 census
politics
(2014: 45.8%)
City Council
The city council assembly (SVV) of the city of Erkner consists of 22 city councilors and the full-time mayor. The seats have been distributed as follows since the local elections on May 26, 2019 : (for comparison, the results of the local elections since 2003):
| SPD | LEFT | CDU | Green | FDP | Young list Erkner |
total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 8th | 7th | 4th | 3 | - | - | 22nd |
| 2014 | 10 | 8th | 4th | - | - | - | 22nd |
| 2008 | 11 | 7th | 3 | - | 1 | - | 22nd |
| 2003 | 9 | 7th | 4th | - | - | 2 | 22nd |
mayor
- 1991–2002: Joachim Schulze (SPD)
- 2002–2018: Jochen Kirsch (SPD)
- since 2018: Henryk Pilz
Pilz was elected in the mayoral election on March 4, 2018 with 51.4 percent of the valid votes for a term of office of eight years.
coat of arms
The coat of arms was approved on December 15, 1992.
Blazon : "In the blue shield, a golden diagonal bar covered by a black, rooted mulberry tree with green leaves and two silver mulberries."
Town twinning
There is a partnership with the Polish municipality of Gołuchów (Goluchow) in the Greater Poland Voivodeship .
Sights and culture
Museums
In the Villa Lassen (Gerhart-Hauptmann-Straße 1–2), where the later Nobel Prize laureate from 1885–1889 lived, the Gerhart-Hauptmann-Museum is housed with a permanent exhibition on the life, work and work of the poet and a research library.
The local history museum (Heinrich-Heine-Straße 17) is the central location of the museum courtyard on the Sonnenluch.
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Sacred buildings
There are three churches in Erkner:
- Evangelical Church of Galilee (1896, neo-Gothic, rebuilt after war damage)
- Catholic Church of St. Boniface (1932, early modern, reconstruction 1949)
- New Apostolic Church (mid-1990s)
Historical monuments
- Cenotaph from 1994 for all victims of fascism , war and tyranny on Neu-Zittauer Strasse and the corner of Hohenbinderstrasse
- Between 2006 and 2014, 20 so-called stumbling blocks to commemorate the fate of people from Erkner during the National Socialist era were set in sidewalks (see list of stumbling blocks in Erkner )
Economy and Infrastructure
traffic
Road traffic
Erkner is on the state roads L 30 from Rüdersdorf to Königs Wusterhausen (Woltersdorfer Landstrasse to the north, Neu Zittauer Strasse to the south) and L 38 from the Berlin city limits to Grünheide (Berliner Strasse to the west, Fangschleusenstrasse to the east).
The Erkner motorway junction of the A 10 (eastern Berlin ring) is located on the eastern city limits .
Rail transport
The station Erkner is located on the Märkischen Niederschlesisch Railway . The Regional Express RE 1 Magdeburg – Berlin– Frankfurt (Oder) stops here . In addition, Erkner is the eastern end point of the Berlin S-Bahn line S3, which runs from here via Berlin-Ostkreuz to downtown Berlin.
In 2009, as part of the Berlin - Frankfurt (Oder) upgraded line, the track systems in the station were redesigned and the two regional platforms were completely rebuilt. From 2010 to 2011 the energetic renovation of the reception building took place, after which the S-Bahn platforms were renewed. A total of over eight million euros were invested in the measures.
Local public transport
Erkner has a well-developed bus network, the center of which is the Erkner train station. In addition to numerous Brandenburg lines, the Berlin bus route 161, which runs from Erkner via Rahnsdorf to Schöneiche , also stops here .
The next tram stop is north of Erkner in Woltersdorf.
science
The sociological Leibniz Institute for Spatial Social Research (IRS) is located in Erkner . The internationally networked institute is dedicated to applied basic research on the future viability of cities and regions. The study areas are currently the new federal states , the Federal Republic of Germany and selected regions in Europe.
education
The city of Erkner has a primary school (Löcknitz primary school) and two secondary schools ( secondary school " Johannes R. Becher " and Carl Bechstein grammar school ). There are also two special schools (Schule am Rund and special school for the mentally handicapped).
The Bildungszentrum Erkner is an institution of the BKK umbrella association and the German Pension Insurance , which mainly teaches social security law.
Personalities
Honorary citizen
- Carl Bechstein (1826–1900), piano and grand piano maker, honorary citizen in 1893, his villa at the time now serves as the town hall
- Bernd Rühle (1932–2014), local history researcher, head of the cultural office and director of the local local history museum, honorary citizen in 2003
sons and daughters of the town
- Ivo Hauptmann (1886–1973), painter, oldest son of Gerhart Hauptmann
- Jürgen Kieser (1921–2019), comic artist (Fix and Fax) and caricaturist
- Horst Seeger (1926–1999), musicologist, artistic director
- Jochen Oehler (1942–2017), behavioral biologist
Personalities associated with Erkner
- Gerhart Hauptmann (1862–1946), winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature , lived in Erkner from 1885 to 1889. His three sons were born in Erkner. Numerous works by Hauptmann are set in or around Erkner, and many residents became role models for his characters, including mother Wolffen in “ Biberpelz ”, “ Bahnwärter Thiel ” or the Kielblock family in “Fasching”.
- Albert Kiekebusch (1870–1935), prehistorian and local researcher, lived in Hohenbinde from 1919 to 1935
- Walter Sawall (1899–1953), two-time standing world champion, lived and died in Erkner, where a street has been named after him since 1932
- Michael Otto (* 1938), painter and graphic artist, grew up in Erkner and passed his Abitur there in 1957 at what was then Fontane High School
- Helga M. Novak (1935–2013), writer, spent her youth and the last years of her life in Erkner
literature
- Erkner. Fürstenwalde district 1579–1979. Local party leadership of the SED Erkner and council of the community of Erkner, Erkner 1979.
- Walter Requardt , Martin Machatzke: Gerhart Hauptmann and Erkner. Studies on early Berlin work. E. Schmidt, Berlin 1980, ISBN 3-503-01629-5 .
- Bernd Rühle: Erkner in old views. Volume 1 (= The Back then Series). European Library, Zaltbommel 1992, ISBN 90-288-5390-1 .
- Bernd Rühle: Erkner. Community between forests and lakes. Community administration Erkner, Erkner 1993.
- Klaus Fischer, Peter Klonovsky, Rudi Leikies: Erkner and surroundings. Stadt-Bild-Verlag, Leipzig 1996, ISBN 3-931554-21-X .
- Bernd Rühle: Erkner in old views. Volume 2 (= The Back then Series). European Library, Zaltbommel 1997, ISBN 90-288-6407-5 .
- Heimatverein Erkner (Ed.): Erkner. As you hurry changed . Geiger-Verlag, Horb am Neckar 2010, ISBN 978-3-86595-373-5 .
- Edda Gutsche: I had to go to the country, that was clear to me ... Writers' places in Brandenburg . Verlag für Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-942476-26-3 , Chapter 6, p. 62-73 .
- Friedrich Wolff: Garden cities in and around Berlin . Bäßler-Verlag, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-930388-44-8 , chapter 18, p. 74-78 .
Erkneraner booklets
The series deals with individual topics from the history and culture of the place:
- Horst Präkel: Palatinate colonists on the Buchhorst and the silk building establishment in Erkner (1999)
- Bernd Rühle: March 8, 1944 - the end of the old Erkner (2000)
- Bernd Rühle: Carl Bechstein (1826-1900) On the life and work of a great piano maker and his traces in Erkner (2001)
- Frank Retzlaff: Push - Staken - Steenekieper. On the history of cargo shipping around Erkner (2002)
- Heimatverein Erkner: "Tours through Erkner around 1900" from the "Allgemeine Anzeiger" 1936–1940 , compiled by Bernd Rühle (2003)
- Gerd Collin: Julius Rütgers and Erkner (2004)
- Andreas Stoye-Balk: Education and school in Erkner. Between a slate and a laptop. (2005)
- Jürgen Daube, Wolfgang Mattke: On the history of the post in Erkner (2006)
- Gerd Collin: Leo Hendrik Baekeland and the / (the) Bakelite (s) (2007)
- Reinhard Peschke, Cornelia Peschke: A house full of glory… - 75 years of the Erkner Catholic Church (2007)
- Stefan Rohlfs: Erkner in the life and work of Gerhart Hauptmann (2008)
- Horst Präkel: Jewish fates in Erkner 1933–1945 (2008)
- Dietlinde Stange, Hartmut Stange: Karutzhöhe - a forest settlement on the edge of Erkner (2009)
- Ralf Harendt, Frank May, Joachim Schulze: 120 Years of the Erkner Volunteer Fire Brigade (2009)
- Evangelical Galilee Congregation Erkner: Cast your nets out ... (2010)
- Heimatverein Erkner: The Heimatverein Erkner. Unity in Diversity (2011)
- Bernd Rühle, Anne-Kathrin Doerfer: Personalities in and for Erkner. Biographical Sketches (2012)
- Rudi Leikies: 93 years of the Erkner station housing estate (2012)
- Hans Hoffmann: The civil engagement of the master plumber. Hermann Spindler in Erkner in the years 1875–1922 (2013)
- Bernd Rühle: Origin and effectiveness of the Gerhart Hauptmann Memorial 1952–1980 (2014)
- Frank Retzlaff: Max Weger (1869–1944). "Father of the Bakelite Society" (2015)
- Elisabeth Stoye-Balk: The poet Helga M. Novak. Erkner's lost and returned daughter (2016)
- Rolf Röschke: The history of the "Moellerchen House" in Friedrichstrasse 53a in Erkner. The life and fate of its residents and tenants (2017)
Web links
- City of Erkner
- Gerhart Hauptmann museums
- City information page Erkner-Netz.de
- Link catalog on the subject of Erkner at curlie.org (formerly DMOZ )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population in the State of Brandenburg according to municipalities, offices and municipalities not subject to official registration on December 31, 2019 (XLSX file; 223 KB) (updated official population figures) ( help on this ).
- ^ Service portal of the state administration Brandenburg. City of Erkner
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from July 10, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Historical municipality register of the state of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. Landkreis Oder-Spree . Pp. 14-17
- ↑ Population in the state of Brandenburg from 1991 to 2015 according to independent cities, districts and municipalities , Table 7
- ^ Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg (Ed.): Statistical report AI 7, A II 3, A III 3. Population development and population status in the state of Brandenburg (respective editions of the month of December)
- ^ Result of the local election on May 26, 2019
- ↑ Joachim Schulze wants to gradually slow down. In: Märkische Oderzeitung , August 15, 2012.
- ↑ Local elections October 26, 2003. Mayoral elections. State Office for Data Processing and Statistics Brandenburg, Potsdam 2004, p. 42.
- ↑ Brandenburg Local Election Act, Section 74
- ^ Result of the mayoral election on March 4, 2018
- ↑ Coat of arms information on the service portal of the state administration of Brandenburg
- ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Modernization of the Erkner train station , accessed on July 19, 2012
- ↑ Erkner station after renovation, travel-friendly. DB Mobility Logistics AG, December 19, 2012, archived from the original on February 15, 2013 ; Retrieved December 24, 2012 .
- ↑ "Erkneraner Hefte" on the website of the Erkner Local History Museum
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