Friedland (Lower Lusatia)

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 52 ° 6 ′  N , 14 ° 16 ′  E
Basic data
State :	Brandenburg
County :	Oder-Spree
Height :	50 m above sea level NHN
Area :	174.23 km 2
Residents:	2985 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	17 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	15848
Area code :	033676
License plate :	LOS, BSK, EH, FW
Community key :	12 0 67 137
City structure:	16 districts
City administration address :	Lindenstrasse 13 15848 Friedland
Website :	www.friedland-nl.de
Mayor :	Thomas Hehle (independent)
Location of the city of Friedland in the Oder-Spree district

Friedland ( Bryland in Lower Sorbian ) is a town in the Oder-Spree district in Brandenburg, Germany.

geography

View of the Oelsener See

The area of ​​the city of Friedland borders the city of Beeskow in the north, the Schlaubetal office in the east, the Lieberose / Oberspreewald office in the south and the municipality of Tauche in the west .

About 20,000 years ago, the meltwater currents of the Vistula Ice Age shaped a unique landscape structure around Friedland. A varied hem of pine -, beech and Traubeneiche forests , crossed by conical fractures , deep gullies with numerous forest lakes and marshes along the Ölse and Schlaube little river records the corridors Friedland from. Since December 1995, large parts of the community area belong to the Schlaubetal Nature Park .

City structure

According to its main statute, the city ​​of Friedland is divided into 16 districts:

• Chossewitz (Kósojce) with the dwelling places Forsthaus Jankemühle , Jankemühle and Klingemühle
• Friedland (Bryland) with the residential areas Lehmannsthal and Wuggelmühle
• Groß Briesen (Brjazyna) with the residential areas Klein-Briesen (Brjazynka) , Oelsen (Wólšyna) and Oelsener Mühle (Wólšyński młyn)
• Great Muckrow (Mokrow)
• Günthersdorf (Guntarojce)
• Karras (Karas) with Postbrücke residential area
• Little Muckrow
• Kummerow (Komorow)
• Leißnitz (Lěsnica) with the residential areas Glowe (Głowje) , Kuhnshof and Sarkow (Žarkow)
• Lindow (Lindow)
• Niewisch (Njewěš) with the residential areas Möllen (Mólin) and Voigtsmühle
• Pieskow (Pěski)
• Reudnitz (Rudnica) with the Krollshof residential area
• Schadow (Škódow)
• Weichensdorf (Wichmanojce) with Planheide residential area
• Zeust (Zajězd) with Friedrichshof residence

Around 750 people live in the actual urban area. Friedland was one of the smallest towns in Brandenburg before the incorporation of 15 smaller municipalities and is currently the smallest municipal municipality in the state. The current urban area is identical to the Friedland (Niederlausitz) office that existed from 1992 to 2003 .

history

Church in Friedland

The original city of Friedland was first mentioned in a document in 1301. The small agricultural town was built at the intersection of the streets of Lieberose , Beeskow and Neuzelle , protected by a castle that covered the transition over the Dammmühlenfließ. It was probably created by Margrave Heinrich the Illustrious of Meissen. The market square with the church is located between the two main streets running from northwest to southeast. The former castle is located northwest of the original town center. Friedland belonged to Niederlausitz and thus shared its political history .

In 1307 the town was owned by Timo von Strehla ( Strele ) and was the center of the small aristocratic rule Friedland with the castle and the town of Friedland, the communities of Leißnitz with Kuhnshof, the Leißnitzsee, Dammendorf (including the Heidereiterei forest district), Klein Briesen, Chossewitz (with the Janckemühle), Grunow, Günthersdorf, Karras, Lindow, Mixdorf, Groß Muckrow, Klein Muckrow, Klingemühle, Zeust, Oelsen and Reudnitz, the Vorwerke Friedland, Reudnitz, Weichensdorf and Mixdorf and the chopping sheep near Friedland.

In 1373 Lower Lusatia became part of Bohemia and remained under Bohemian sovereignty until 1815. In the 15th century, the owners of the town and dominion Friedland changed rapidly. In 1415 it was owned by Otto von Kittlitz. In 1428 it was passed on to the knight Hans von Lossow, who sold the Große Heide and the village of Briesen to the Carthusian monastery in Frankfurt (Oder) that year. He is proven to be the owner of the Friedland estate until 1449. In 1468 Henning Quast appears as the new owner of the estate, and as early as 1472 two Beynewitz brothers were enfeoffed with the Friedland estate. In 1477, Nickel Bennewitz was probably the sole owner of the estate. He is attested as the owner of Friedland in 1484. Probably in 1484 the rule Friedland passed to Nicolaus von Köckritz (Wehlener line), owner of the rule Lieberose and the rule Schenkendorf . In 1518 the Friedland dominion was pledged to the Order of St. John or Master of St. John, Georg von Schlabrendorf, by the guardian of the three children from Köckritz who were still underage . In 1533 the rule Friedland was finally sold to the Johanniter, the rule Friedland became a Johanniterordensamt. In 1540 Friedland converted to Protestantism. In 1542 there were 22 citizens and 20 cottagers in Friedland. In 1611 there was a big fire in the city. In 1623 a large part of the city burned down, and the castle burned down to the foundation walls. In the Peace of Prague , the Saxon elector was enfeoffed in personal union with the margraviate of Upper and Lower Lusatia. The Bohemian lordship was formally valid until the peace treaty between Prussia and Saxony on May 18, 1815. In 1641 the plague raged in Friedland. Swedish troops occupied Friedland from 1643 to 1650. In 1665 the city had 23 upper middle class and 50 lower middle class. In 1687 another fire destroyed almost the entire city. In 1709, 24 Jewish families were admitted to the city. In 1721, another city fire destroyed around half of the city.

Three old Hebrew grave tablets

In 1755 the Johanniterordensamt Friedland had 2,182 inhabitants. Friedland itself had 482 inhabitants in 1774. Around 1780 around a quarter of the population were Jewish ; Friedland was also called "Jewish Friedland" at this time. The residents of the Jewish faith established a synagogue, a bathhouse and a cemetery in Friedland . In 1786 the town had 15 tailors, 12 shoemakers, five butchers, five linen weavers, five blacksmiths, three bakers, three wheelmakers, three joiners, two cooper, two millers, two carpenters and one bricklayer. In 1806 the number of craftsmen had grown to 77. In 1811 the property of the Order of St. John was secularized and the Office of St. John was converted into a royal Saxon office. After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Saxony had to cede large parts of its national territory to Prussia, including Niederlausitz. Friedland became Prussian and the seat of the Prussian Rent Office Friedland. In 1822 a city fire again destroyed large parts of the city. The renewed city fire of 1843 again caused great damage: 28 residential courtyards and 75 barns and stables burned down. In 1875 the Royal Prussian Rent Office Friedland was dissolved. Friedland became an administrative district in the district of Lübben . In 1875 the castle was sold to the city of Friedland and converted into a school. In 1876 Dammmühle, Fuchsberg, Lehmannsthal, Schulzensthal and Wuggelmühle were incorporated into the city. The Friedland Volunteer Fire Brigade was founded in 1896.

Castle courtyard at Friedland Castle

In 1934 a new school was built in Pestalozzistraße (today library and club rooms). From 1934 to 1942, the palace served as a troop leader school for the Reich Labor Service . From 1942 to 1945, documents from the Reich Foreign Ministry were also stored at Friedland Castle. The city remained largely undestroyed in World War II and was occupied by Soviet troops on April 26, 1945. Bruno Gürke was appointed by the Soviet administration as the first mayor after the war. In 1948 Friedland had 1,352 inhabitants (827 locals and 525 resettlers). In 1949 the kindergarten with 36 places at the former rifle house was built. In the course of the district reform, Friedland came to the Beeskow district in the GDR district of Frankfurt (Oder) in 1952 . In 1957 an agricultural production cooperative (LPG) of type I was formed, in 1958 a LPG type III followed. As early as 1960 Friedland was a fully cooperative, i. H. there were no longer any individual farmers. In 1968 the dairies in Friedland, Beeskow and Storkow formed a combine . However, the Friedland dairy ceased operations as early as 1970. In 1971 a hoard of 17 medieval silver coins was found in the castle wall, some of which had collapsed. They are now kept in the “Viadrina” museum in Frankfurt (Oder). In 1972 LPG Type I and LPG Type III merged to form LPG Type III with the name LPG "Wiesengrund". In 1973 a cooperative plant production department (KAP) was formed from 10 LPG in the vicinity. In 1973/74 the current school with 20 classrooms was built in Kirschgartenweg and the gymnasium. In 1977 the LPG plant production was created with around 360 members and workers.

Friedland Office (1992-2003)

After the fall of the Wall, offices were formed to administer the many small communities in the state of Brandenburg . On September 11, 1992, the Minister of the Interior of the State of Brandenburg gave his consent to the formation of the Friedland / Niederlausitz office. Later the spelling Amt Friedland (Niederlausitz) became common. The office was based in the city of Friedland and consisted of 16 previously independent communities in what was then the district of Beeskow : Groß Muckrow, Leißnitz, Weichensdorf, Groß Briesen, Günthersdorf, Niewisch, Pieskow, Kummerow, Zeust, Reudnitz, Schadow, Klein Muckrow, Chossewitz , Lindow, Karras and Friedland.

On March 31, 2001, the new town of Friedland was formed from the communities of Chossewitz, Groß-Briesen, Günthersdorf, Karras, Klein Muckrow, Kummerow, Leißnitz, Lindow, Niewisch, Pieskow, Schadow, Weichensdorf, Zeust and the town of Friedland. Reudnitz was incorporated into Friedland on December 31, 2001. In 2001 a full-time mayor was elected for the first time. Groß Muckrow was finally incorporated into the city of Friedland by law on October 26, 2003. At the same time, the Friedland (Niederlausitz) office was dissolved and the city of Friedland became vacant.

Inclusions

Former parish	date	annotation
Chossewitz	March 31, 2001
Groß-Briesen	March 31, 2001
Great Muckrow	October 26, 2003
Günthersdorf	March 31, 2001
Karras	March 31, 2001
Klein-Briesen	1st February 1974	Incorporation after Groß-Briesen
Little Muckrow	March 31, 2001
Kummerow	March 31, 2001
Leißnitz	March 31, 2001
Lindow	March 31, 2001
Niewisch	March 31, 2001
Oils	1st January 1974	Incorporation after Groß-Briesen
Pieskow	March 31, 2001
Reudnitz	December 31, 2001
Schadow	March 31, 2001
Weichensdorf	March 31, 2001
Zeust	March 31, 2001

Population development

year Residents 1875 1,088 1890 1.109 1910 1.014 1925 0.912 1933 0.966 1939 0.862 1946 1,363 1950 1,268 1964 0.953 1971 0.924

year Residents 1981 809 1985 779 1989 761 1990 762 1991 791 1992 755 1993 744 1994 731 1995 727 1996 716

year Residents 1997 0.713 1998 0.711 1999 0.698 2000 0.690 2001 3,065 2002 3,078 2003 3,503 2004 3,444 2005 3,397 2006 3,350

year Residents 2007 3,270 2008 3,249 2009 3,235 2010 3,166 2011 3,153 2012 3,109 2013 3,053 2014 3,013 2015 3,017 2016 2,975

year Residents 2017 2,959 2018 2,957 2019 2,985

Territory of the respective year, number of inhabitants: as of December 31 (from 1991), from 2011 based on the 2011 census

politics

City Council

The city ​​council of Friedland consists of 16 city councilors and the full-time mayor. The seats were distributed as follows after the three previous local elections:

Party / group of voters	2008	2014	2019
WE in Friedland	-	-	3
CDU	2	3	3
The left	4th	4th	3
Castle Association	-	-	1
SPD	-	1	1
Individual applicant Maik Koschack	-	1	1
Single applicant Ingo Schulze	-	-	1
Individual applicant Axel Becker	-	1	1
Single applicant Lothar Janke	-	-	1
Fire Brigade voter group	-	3	-
SSV Rot-Weiß Friedland	2	1	-
Tourist office Friedland and surroundings	1	1	-
Single applicant Gabriele Geppert	-	1	-
Free community of voters Groß Briesen	1	-	-
Friedland volunteer fire brigade	1	-	-
Weichensdorf volunteer fire department	1	-	-
Voluntary fire brigade extinguishing group Groß Muckrow	1	-	-
Voluntary fire brigade extinguishing group Günthersdorf	1	-	-
Individual applicant Klaus Richter	1	-	-
Friedland Carnival Association	1	-	-
All in all	16	16	15 *

^* Koschack's share of the vote in 2019 corresponds to two seats. Therefore, according to § 48 (6) of the Brandenburg Local Election Act, a seat in the city council remains vacant.

mayor

• 1998–2003: Wolfgang Würke
• since 2003: 0.Thomas Hehle

In the mayoral election on September 11, 2011, Hehle was confirmed in office for a further eight years with 60.9% of the valid votes.

Town twinning

Since 1996 there have been partnerships with other cities and municipalities that bear the name Friedland: Friedland (Mecklenburg) , Friedland (Lower Saxony) , Prawdinsk (Friedland in East Prussia) , Mieroszów (Friedland NS) , Frýdlant nad Ostravicí (Friedland an der Ostrawitza) , Frýdlant v Čechách (Friedland in Böhmen) , Mirosławiec (Märkisch Friedland) and Debrzno (Prussian Friedland) . The city entered into another partnership in 2005 with the Polish district town of Sulęcin .

coat of arms

The coat of arms was approved on June 25, 2004.

Blazon : "In red, three superimposed silver scythe blades with the cutting edges down."

This coat of arms is based on the family coat of arms of the von Strele (Strehla). The Streles were owners of the Castle Storkow , of Beeskow Castle and the Castle Friedland , proven Timo Strele of 1307. The coat of arms is also found in the arms of the city Beeskow and district Oder-Spree again. It was decided in its current form on March 25, 2004 after the amalgamation of the municipalities to form the city of Friedland for all 16 districts.

Sights and culture

Church in Groß Briesen

Church in Niewisch

See: List of architectural monuments in Friedland (Niederlausitz) and List of soil monuments in Friedland (Niederlausitz)

• Friedland Castle was built in the 13th century as a moated castle with an almost square floor plan and double wall ring. Mentioned for the first time in 1336 in the documents, in 1518, like the city of Friedland and Herrschaft Friedland, it was initially pledged by the Order of St. John to which it was finally sold in 1533. In 1623 it was renewed as a castle after a fire and later rebuilt several times. The castle belongs to the series of Strele castles and has been the annual venue for the small indie rock festival Beyond Millions since 2008 . The musical band competition Rock Oder Spree of the Oder-Spree district and the city of Frankfurt (Oder) also takes place here.
• Church with west tower, dates from the 18th century, was re -gothicly changed in 1809 and 1823
• Jewish Cemetery
• The only hand-operated cable ferry in Brandenburg between Ranzig and Leißnitz
• The village church of Chossewitz was built around 1730 and a western porch was added in 1780. Inside there is a pulpit altar from the end of the 18th century.

Recurring events

• January to April and September to December: Family cinema in the knight's hall of the castle
• Spring market in early May
• Soap box race in late May / early June
• Radsternfahrt to the castle on the occasion of the summer solstice
• Rock Oder-Spree in July
• Beyond millions in early August
• Autumn market on October 2nd
• Christmas market on the 3rd Advent

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Friedland is on the federal highway 168 between Beeskow and Lieberose and on the national road L 43 to Eisenhüttenstadt .

The Groß Briesen stop was on the section of the Cottbus – Frankfurt (Oder) railway line on which passenger traffic was discontinued in 1996.

education

• Kita Friedland “Villa Kunterbunt”, Kita Groß Muckow “Pusteblume”, Kita Pieskow “Biene Maja”, Hort “Regenbogen”
• Friedland Elementary School

Personalities

• Klaus-Dieter Helbig (* 1952), football player

literature

• mediaprint infoverlag (publisher) in cooperation with the city of Friedland: Friedland NL - The gateway to Niederlausitz between Spree, Schwielochsee and Schlaube , Mering, 2nd edition, 2016, p. 30

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Population in the State of Brandenburg according to municipalities, offices and municipalities not subject to official registration on December 31, 2019 (XLSX file; 223 KB) (updated official population figures) ( help on this ).
2. ↑ Main statutes of the city of Friedland from June 4, 2009 PDF
3. ^ Sorbian place names according to Lower Sorbian place name database
4. ↑ Leipzig Council Books 1466–1500 2.1. Council book 1 (1466–1489) PDF (p. 266)
5. ↑ Formation of the offices of Friedland / Niederlausitz and Hoppegarten. Announcement by the Minister of the Interior of September 11, 1992. Official Gazette for Brandenburg - Joint Ministerial Gazette for the State of Brandenburg, Volume 3, No. 75, October 5, 1992, p. 1869.
6. ^ Formation of a new city Friedland. Notice of the Ministry of the Interior. From February 13, 2001. Official Journal for Brandenburg - Common Ministerial Gazette for the State of Brandenburg, Volume 12, 2001, Number 11, Potsdam, January 24, 2001, p. 225, PDF .
7. ^ Incorporation of the Reudnitz community into the city of Friedland. Announcement of the Ministry of the Interior of November 23, 2001. Official Gazette for Brandenburg Common Ministerial Gazette for the State of Brandenburg, Volume 12, 2001, Number 51, December 19, 2001, p. 878.
8. ↑ ^{a b} Sixth law on state-wide municipal area reform concerning the districts of Dahme-Spreewald, Elbe-Elster, Oberspreewald-Lausitz, Oder-Spree and Spree-Neiße (6th GemGebRefGBbg) of March 24, 2003, Gazette of Laws and Regulations for the State of Brandenburg, I (Laws), 2003, No. 05, p. 93
9. ^ Contribution to the statistics of the State Office for Data Processing State of Brandenburg Statistics, Historical Community Directory of the State of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005 19.9 Landkreis Oder-Spree PDF
10. ^ Historical municipality register of the state of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. Landkreis Oder-Spree . Pp. 14-17
11. ↑ Population in the state of Brandenburg from 1991 to 2015 according to independent cities, districts and municipalities , Table 7
12. ^ Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg (Ed.): Statistical report AI 7, A II 3, A III 3. Population development and population status in the state of Brandenburg (respective editions of the month of December)
13. ^ Result of the local elections on September 28, 2008
14. ^ Result of the local elections on May 25, 2014
15. ^ Result of the local election on May 26, 2019
16. ↑ Brandenburg Local Election Act, Section 48
17. ↑ Results of the local elections in 1998 (mayoral elections) for the Oder-Spree district ( Memento from April 12, 2018 in the Internet Archive )
18. ↑ Local elections October 26, 2003. Mayoral elections , p. 28
19. ↑ Brandenburg Local Election Act, Section 74
20. ^ Result of the mayoral election on September 11, 2011
21. ↑ Coat of arms information on the service portal of the state administration of Brandenburg
22. ↑ The city arms and their changes
23. ↑ Georg Dehio (editor Gerhard Vinken and others): Handbook of the German Art Monuments Brandenburg. Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2000, ISBN 3-422-03054-9
24. ^ Daniel Lehmann and Dominik Schauer: Good music for a good cause. moz.de, August 9, 2010
25. ↑ Jörg Kühl: Burghof becomes a large music stage. moz.de, June 24, 2010

Web links

Commons : Friedland  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Website of the city of Friedland
• The historic Scheunenviertel in Friedland
• Günthersdorf in the RBB program Landschleicher on February 4, 2007