Mieroszów

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Mieroszów
Mieroszów coat of arms
Mieroszów (Poland)
Mieroszów
Mieroszów
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lower Silesia
Powiat : Wałbrzych
Area : 10.32  km²
Geographic location : 50 ° 41 ′  N , 16 ° 11 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 41 ′ 0 ″  N , 16 ° 11 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : 495 m npm
Residents : 4070
(June 30, 2019)
Postal code : 58-350
Telephone code : (+48) 74
License plate : DBA
Economy and Transport
Rail route : Wałbrzych Szczawienko – Meziměstí
Next international airport : Wroclaw
Gmina
Gminatype: Urban and rural municipality
Surface: 76.17 km²
Residents: 6808
(June 30, 2019)
Population density : 89 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 0221063
Administration (as of 2015)
Mayor : Marcin Raczyński
Address: pl. Niepodległości 1
58-350 Mieroszów
Website : www.mieroszow.pl



Mieroszów [ mʲɛˈroʃuf ] ( German Friedland in Lower Silesia ) is a town in the powiat Wałbrzyski ( Waldenburg district ) in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland. The border with the Czech Republic runs nearby in the east, south and west . The border crossing Golińsk - Meziměstí ( Göhlenau - Halbstadt ) is one kilometer south of the city.

Geographical location

Friedland ( Friedld. ) South -southwest of Waldenburg and southwest of Landeshut on a map from 1905

The city is located in the Waldenburger Bergland in the Valley of Stones , about 15 kilometers southwest of Wałbrzych ( Waldenburg ) and 79 kilometers southwest of Wroclaw .

Neighboring towns are Kowalowa ( Schmidtsdorf ) in the north, Sokołowsko ( Görbersorf ) in the northeast, Nowe Siodło ( Neudorf ) in the east, Golińsk ( Göhlenau ) in the south and Różana ( Rosenau ) in the northwest. The 880 m high Ruprechtický Spíčák ( Ruppersdorfer Spitzberg ) rises to the east on Czech territory .

history

Main city square
Houses on the market square
Parish Church of St. Michael
Ring with town hall and the two churches around 1930
railway station

The settlement of the upper Steinetal , which at that time was administratively counted as part of the Glatzer Land , took place around 1250 by the Bohemian Benedictine monastery in Politz an der Mettau . Friedland was first mentioned in 1350 in a list of the villages belonging to the Bohemian castle district of Freudenburg . Before 1354 Friedland received city rights. The year 1325 mentioned in a chronicle for the founding of the city is not documented by sources. Together with the Freudenburg, Friedland came to Duke Bolko II in 1359 and, after his death in 1368, to Bohemia, whereby his widow Agnes von Habsburg was entitled to usufruct until her death in 1392 . Friedland was largely destroyed during the Hussite Wars and rebuilt around 1470. From 1497 Friedland belonged to the Fürstenstein lordship , which from 1509 initially belonged to the Counts of Hochberg ( Hohberg ; Hoberg ) as a pledge and at the beginning of the 17th century as an inheritance . They introduced the Reformation around 1550 , as a result of which the parish church was used as a Protestant church. In 1554 a town hall was built in the middle of the ring and in 1574 the first school was built. In 1608 Friedland received the first city coat of arms.

During the Thirty Years War , the town hall, the church, the school and 82 houses were destroyed by fire on July 22, 1644 and then rebuilt, with the town hall being given a place in the middle of the ring. The parish church was returned to the Catholics in 1654. In the same year Friedland, which until then belonged to the Archdiocese of Prague , was added to the Diocese of Wroclaw .

After an inheritance was divided in 1669, the Friedland lordship was reorganized and passed to Count Maximilian von Hochberg auf Göhlenau . He led as convert the recatholicization by and harassed his subjects. After his death in 1700 Friedland again fell under the rule of Fürstenstein. A Catholic school is documented for 1737.

After the First Silesian War , Friedland and most of Silesia fell to Prussia in 1742 . In the same year a Protestant prayer house was built and Protestant school lessons were reintroduced. Because of its location on the now Prussian-Bohemian border, the city had to endure military marches and harassment during the Second Silesian War and the Seven Years War . In the 18th century, in addition to agriculture and handicrafts, the population mainly subsisted on linen production. In 1797 linen to the value of 110,421 thalers was exported. During the Napoleonic Wars , too , the military moved to or from Bohemia and plundered the city.

After the reorganization of Prussia, Friedland belonged to the province of Silesia from 1815 and from 1818 was incorporated into the Waldenburg district, with which it remained connected until 1945. The first mechanical weaving mill was founded in 1839, followed by four more between 1847 and 1880. For the year 1840 there are 187 houses and in 1876 a newspaper was founded. In 1877 Friedland received a rail connection on the Niedersalzbrunn – Halbstadt line , which was electrified in 1914. From 1879 the city was the seat of a local court. In 1880 a new town hall was built and the old town hall in the middle of the ring was demolished. On April 1, 1895, Altfriedland was incorporated , which increased the number of residents to 5068 by 1905. In 1925 the 700th anniversary was celebrated. In 1939 there were 4,386 people in Friedland.

In 1945, Friedland belonged to the district of Waldenburg in district Breslau the Prussian province of Lower Silesia of the German Reich .

After the end of the Second World War , Friedland, like almost all of Silesia, was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying forces in the summer of 1945 . The Polish place name Mieroszów was introduced for Friedland . The German population was subsequently expelled from Friedland by the local Polish administrative authority . Some of the newly settled residents came from the areas east of the Curzon Line that fell to the Soviet Union .

From 1975 to 1998 the city was administratively part of the Wałbrzych Voivodeship ( Waldenburg ). Although Friedland was not destroyed in World War II, the city began to decline after 1945 due to its remote border location. In 1957, almost a third of the building fabric had completely fallen into disrepair, and the same proportion of the houses again showed severe damage. After 1989 the houses on the Ring were reconstructed. The woodworking industry is of particular economic importance.

Population development

year Residents Remarks
1707 430
1763 835
1825 964
1840 986
1890 2,528
1900 4,871 mostly evangelicals
1933 4,682
1939 4,386
1961 4,386
2007 4,441

City arms

The coat of arms of Friedland shows a white city wall with two towers on a red background, a black boar can be seen in an open gate. The coat of arms is crowned with a golden five-pointed wall crown.

traffic

The city lies on the long - distance railway line Prague - Wałbrzych ( Prague - Waldenburg ).

local community

The urban and rural municipality Mieroszów covers an area of ​​76.17 km², on which about 7,500 inhabitants live. The localities belong to it:

Attractions

  • The parish church of St. Michael ( Koćiół Św. Michała ) was built on the site of a previous building in the 15th century and expanded from 1601 to 1603 . After the partial destruction in the Thirty Years War, it was rebuilt and rebuilt in 1714–1717. The main altar dates from the first half of the 18th century, the figures of Saints Peter and Paul as well as the side altars in neo- baroque style were created after 1865. The painting of the main altar ( holy clan) was created by the Friedland painter Karl Wohnlich. The altars under the galleries and the pulpit were created in the first half of the 17th century, the baptismal font is from 1647.
  • Southeast of the church is the rectory and the former Catholic school. Both buildings were erected in the second half of the 16th century and rebuilt in 1647.
  • To the northeast of the church are the former Protestant rectory and the Protestant school.
  • Several town houses, some with arcades, from the 16th to 19th centuries

sons and daughters of the town

  • Melchior Friebe (1629–1690), German medic
  • Wilhelm von Merckel (1803–1861), lawyer and writer
  • Karl Wohnlich (1824–1885), German history, genre and portrait painter
  • Fedor Krause (1857–1937), German neurosurgeon
  • Alfred Gauglitz (1916–1988), church painter, restorer and sculptor
  • Heribert Glatzel (1927–2015), German artist. He became known as the painter Heribert Friedland .
  • Guenter Boehm (* 1939), family genealogist from New York, author of the Böhm Chronicle. 2009 honorary citizen of Jedlina-Zdrój ( Bad Charlottenbrunn )
  • Sieglinde Scholz-Amoulong (* 1945), feature writer and director

literature

Web links

Wikisource: Fridland in the Topographia Bohemiae, Moraviae et Silesiae  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ^ Website of the city, Władze samorządowe ( Memento of the original from February 15, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed March 7, 2015 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.mieroszow.pl
  3. ^ A b c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. waldenburg.html # ew39wldbfriedla. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  4. ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 7, Leipzig / Vienna 1907, p. 111.