Love rose
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 51 ° 59 ′ N , 14 ° 18 ′ E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Brandenburg | |
| County : | Dahme-Spreewald | |
| Office : | Lieberose / Oberspreewald | |
| Height : | 50 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 73.03 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 1368 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 19 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 15868 | |
| Area code : | 033671 | |
| License plate : | LDS, KW, LC, LN | |
| Community key : | 12 0 61 308 | |
| City structure: | 5 districts | |
| Office administration address: | Market 4 15868 Lieberose |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayoress : | Petra thirty | |
| Location of the town of Lieberose in the Dahme-Spreewald district | ||
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Lieberose ( Luboraz in Lower Sorbian ) is a town with around 1,500 inhabitants in the Dahme-Spreewald district of Brandenburg . It is administered by the Lieberose / Oberspreewald office based in Straupitz (Spreewald) .
geography
Lieberose is located about 30 kilometers north of Cottbus in the midst of a very different forest landscape: while in the west the Spreewald with its lagoon, swamp and canal landscape connects with alder forest communities, in the east the Schlaubetal, which is characterized by oaks and beeches, borders . To the south, within the Lieberoser Heide, lies the GDR's largest former military training area with around 25,000 hectares (of which, however, only around 4,000 hectares are "real" exercise areas, the majority are naturally managed pine forests). Here there are mainly pine forest communities of the (Ice Age) Sanders , as well as all forms of reforestation, succession, etc., which are typical after such forest desolation , on the former shooting ranges: starting with open sand landscapes - with the Lieberoser Desert as the largest desert in Germany. Silver grass fields, Calluna heaths, sand heaths, broom meadows, birch forests, etc. and, accordingly, a unique variety of biotopes. There are many Brandenburg Red List species in the area. 142 of the plant species found are considered endangered, including 16 as threatened with extinction. Sea eagle and osprey , hoopoe , rough owl , kingfisher , snipe and goat milker are just some of the bird species that live in and around Lieberose. The area of the former military training area is contaminated by the remains of ammunition left by Soviet troops, but can be explored on numerous guided hikes, primarily by the forest administration, but also by the Brandenburg Natural Landscapes Foundation .
In the Stockshof - Behlower Wiesen zu Lieberose nature reserve , numerous animal and plant species are represented, including the endangered European tree frog , rare “hermits” and other old and dead wood specialists . The Stockshof is a beech-oak forest relic in the otherwise forest-free meltwater channel to the Schwielochsee . Here is the "Old Castle", a Bronze Age ring wall .
City structure
The main statute of the official city of Lieberose identifies four districts:
- Blasdorf ( Lower Sorbian Brjazka )
- Doberburg ( Dobrobuz ; until November 25, 1937 Dobberbus)
- Goschen ( Chóžyšća ; until November 2, 1937 Goschzschen)
- Trebitz ( Trjebice )
Inhabited parts of the community are Behlow (Bělow) , Hollbrunn (Holberna) and Münchhofe (Michow) .
Dwelling places are Baroldmühle (Baroldowy młyn) , Damme (Dame) , Friedrich height (Bjedrichojce) , Hille settlement (Hillojc sedlišćo) , Swiss house (Šwicarski dom) and Stockshof (Stokowy dwor)
history
The earliest mention of a protective castle comes from the year 1301. A Wendish settlement had already developed under the protection of the lords of the castle.
In the local Slavic area, which fell to the Empire of Otto I in the 10th century , a German colonist settlement was established, which is mentioned in a document in 1272 and 1295 ( Lubraz or "Luberase" was the spelling at that time). On November 29, 1302, Margrave Dietrich IV confirmed the rights and privileges of the Lieberose district and granted the town town rights .
Lieberose was subordinate to several dominions and was acquired on November 11, 1519 by the brothers Jakob and Richard von der Schulenburg . This family originating from the Altmark , whose branch Haus Lieberose from the Black Tribe sat here until the end of the Second World War, shaped the history of the small town for 400 years. Under the Schulenburgs, the rulership rose to the rank of Lieberose , which had a seat and vote in the ruling curia of the state parliaments of the margraviate of Niederlausitz , which belonged to the states of the Bohemian Crown . Immediate feudal lords of the Lieberose lordship were the Bohemian Count Sternberg until 1848 . In the monastery registers of the diocese of Meißen from 1346 and 1495 Lieberose is counted in fifth place of all important Lusatian cities. In 1505 the Schulenburg had already acquired the rule of Lübbenau and Neu Zauche , which coincided with Lieberose by inheritance in 1560, in 1578 the rule of Straupitz was bought. After further purchases and inheritance divisions, the entire Niederlausitz property of the Schulenburg fell to Joachim VII in 1601, who, however, amassed a mountain of debt due to his laborious court management. In 1615 he sold his properties in Altmark and Pomerania as well as Straupitz, in 1619 the creditors also took over Lübbenau and Neu Zauche from his widow. However, the Lieberose rule could be held through the turmoil of the Thirty Years' War .
In the second half of the 18th century Lieberose had the character of a small residential town , shaped by the castle of the noblemen of the Schulenburg. Up to the Wars of Liberation , Lieberose was under Saxon sovereignty and was able and duty to take in the Saxon king and his court. After the Congress of Vienna it came to Prussia.
In 1759 Frederick the Great assembled his new army, which had previously been defeated at Kunersdorf , near Lieberose , in order to defeat the Russian and Austrian troops in Silesia after a persecution . The "Friedrichsstein", which marks the meeting point, is on the way between Behlow and Goschen.
Up until the beginning of the 19th century, Lower Sorbian (Wendish) was spoken in Lieberose and especially in the surrounding parish villages . With the abolition of Wendish worship, the village population gradually switched to German.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Lieberose had a total area of 130 km² - 113 km² of which was forest and fishing - one of the most important forest operations in the province of Brandenburg with a sawmill and steam brickworks. Connection to the rail network existed via the Lieberose station (renamed Jamlitz station in 1958 ) and the Spreewaldbahn , which ran from the Byhlen junction to Lieberose.
When the National Socialists seized power in Germany in 1933 , the SS established the Lieberose concentration camp . This was a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen concentration camp , and the inmates were supposed to build the "largest military training area for the German Waffen SS in Europe" ( Himmler ). In 1943 the SS demanded 8000 hectares of forest from Count Albrecht von der Schulenburg to expand their "Kurmark" military training area and threatened expropriation. The count was also supposed to voluntarily leave Lieberose Castle and sell his rule, which he postponed through negotiations until the end of the war. After that, his property was expropriated without compensation from what would later become the GDR .
In November 1943 the first prisoners from the Sachsenhausen concentration camp were transferred to Jamlitz. They were used to expand the Lieberose satellite camp. In the spring of 1944, further transports of prisoners arrived from the Auschwitz-Birkenau and Groß-Rosen concentration camps . Initially, they were Hungarian and Polish Jews . Under inhumane working and living conditions, they built the facilities for the military training area. 1342 inmates unable to march were murdered by the SS, the other inmates were taken on a death march to the main camp in Sachsenhausen, where 400 of them were killed. In 1945 the Lieberose concentration camp was dissolved and the remaining survivors were sent to Mauthausen concentration camp .
Since April 23, 2018, there has been a memorial site primarily to commemorate those 1,342 prisoners who were murdered by the SS in early February 1942 before the march to Sachsenhausen. It expands the documentation center and exhibition that has existed since 2003.
Lieberose was to be expanded into a garrison town in the Third Reich , which is why it became a target for American bombers and Russian units . Contemporary witnesses report that Lieberose was to be handed over without a fight at the end of the Second World War. The person in charge of the Lieberoser Volkssturm , Passing, hoisted the white flag on the castle tower for this purpose. Nevertheless, there were fighting, in the course of which the town church and the castle were damaged.
After the end of the war, the Soviet occupation forces maintained an internment camp in Jamlitz controlled by the NKVD secret service , Special Camp No. 6 Jamlitz . Among other things, children and women were also imprisoned under murderous conditions. Today a memorial on the outskirts of the city commemorates the concentration camp and the internment camp.
Administrative history
Lieberose belonged to the Lübben (Spreewald) district in the province of Brandenburg since 1816 and to the Beeskow district in the GDR district of Frankfurt (Oder) from 1952 . The city has been in the Dahme-Spreewald district of Brandenburg since 1993.
The place Trebitz was incorporated on May 1, 1997. Blasdorf followed on December 29, 1997. Doberburg was added on October 26, 2003.
Population development
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Territory of the respective year, number of inhabitants: as of December 31 (from 1991), from 2011 based on the 2011 census
politics
City Council
Since the local elections on May 26, 2019, the city council of Lieberose has consisted of 10 members and the honorary mayor with the following distribution of seats:
| Party / group of voters | Seats |
|---|---|
| Alliance Future Lieberose | 6th |
| Free list love rose | 2 |
| Alternative for love rose | 1 |
| LEFT | 1 |
mayor
- 1993-2008: Kerstin Michelchen
- 2008–2012: Manfred Lischeski († 2012)
- 2012–2016: Astrid Burisch
- 2016–2019: Kerstin Michelchen (Free List Lieberose)
- since 2019: Petra Drei 30 (Alliance Future Lieberose)
Thirty was elected in the mayoral election on May 26, 2019 with 66.2% of the valid votes for a term of five years.
coat of arms
The coat of arms was approved on February 15, 1993.
Blazon : "In blue above a red rose in the base of the shield, a fallen silver scythe leaf accompanied by two floating silver tin towers without gates."
Attractions
- Country church , neo-Gothic hall church , built in 1825/26 on the site of a Wendish church. Inside, some pieces of equipment from the destroyed city church have been integrated.
- City church , built in the 15th / 16th centuries Century in the Gothic style. It has been in ruins since it was destroyed at the end of the Second World War in 1945. The tower has been preserved almost undamaged.
- Four-winged baroque palace formerly owned by the von Schulenburg , built around 1750, emerged from a moated castle from the 14th century, was partially destroyed in fighting with the Red Army at the end of the Second World War. The rest of the damaged castle wing was torn down to obtain building material for " new farmers " - which was soon given up again due to the immense costs and the hardly usable material. The castle tower collapsed in 1975 due to disrepair. Since the castle was built using oak piles on musty ground and the groundwater level sank due to the open-cast coal mines in this area, the oak piles suffered so badly that they could no longer bear the weight of the tower. In addition, the demolished castle wing, which no longer supported the freestanding tower, was missing.
- Schlosspark, a landscape park of almost 50 hectares that has been restored in recent years
- Old kiln of the castle, restored or rebuilt from 2009 to 2011. Since its inauguration in 2012, it has served as the city's civic center. The building now houses the tourist information, a kiln and forest museum, a citizens' hall and the restaurant “Zur Darre”.
- Saxon Post Distance Column
- Exhibition on the Natural Landscapes Foundation (in the Lieberose Forest District)
- 1973 memorial for the victims of the concentration camp on the road via Jamlitz to Guben with a memorial wall and ring grave, see also Lieberose concentration camp
- Doberburg watermill
Economy and Infrastructure
economy
As a former arable town, Lieberose is strongly influenced by agriculture and forestry. Since 1990 there have been no significant business settlements, so that there is only a low employment rate in the city. The largest employers are - still - the numerous forestry and secondary forest operations: the forest administration, larger forest owners, logging and transport companies.
In August 2009, the Lieberose solar park was opened near Lieberose. With an output of 53,000 kW, it is the largest solar power plant in Germany. The solar power plant has been fully connected to the grid since October 14, 2009 and can thus supply around 15,000 households with electricity.
traffic
In Lieberose, the federal highways B 168 from Beeskow to Cottbus and B 320 cross from the B 87 northeast of Lübben to Guben .
The former Lieberose station, five kilometers away from the city, on the Cottbus – Frankfurt (Oder) railway line, which was closed in December 1998, and on the Spreewald Railway was renamed Jamlitz in 1958 . Lieberose Stadt and Blasdorf were further stations on the Spreewaldbahn.
Personalities
Honorary citizen
- Karl Krüger (1837–1923), Evangelical Lutheran pastor and local researcher, made an honorary citizen in 1903
- Julius Haevecker (1867–1935), pharmacist and local history researcher, made an honorary citizen in 1911
sons and daughters of the town
- Heinrich Joachim von der Schulenburg (1610–1665), last governor of Lower Lusatia
- Georg Krüger (1642 / 43–1707), educator, pastor and court astronomer
- Michael Friedrich Erdmann Heym (1761–1842), Mayor of Guben and state elder of Niederlausitz
- Xaver von Kleist (1798–1866), Prussian landowner
- Albert Heym (1808–1878), pastor, pastor of the last four Prussian kings
- Wilhelm Hahn (1844–1914), teacher
- Dietrich von der Schulenburg (1849–1911), politician, 1887–1899 District Administrator of the Lübben district
- Sigrid von der Schulenburg (1885–1943), philosopher and writer
- Joachim Auth (1930–2011), physicist, university professor
- Hans-Jürgen Bloch (* 1936), radio play author
- Siegfried Lehmann (* 1955), politician (Alliance 90 / The Greens)
- Frank Lehmann (* 1959), soccer player
- Andreas Trunschke (* 1959), politician (Die Linke)
- Michael Müller (* 1962), forest scientist
Personalities associated with Lieberose
- Hans Georg von der Schulenburg (1645–1715), governor in the Danish service; died in Lieberose
- Albrecht von der Schulenburg (1801–1869), registrar of the Lieberose rule and member of the Prussian manor house
- Oswald Reinhardt (1816–1876), pastor and spiritual poet; worked as rector in Lieberose
- Cyrus von Schmeling (1819–1902), Prussian major general and commander of the 4th Infantry Brigade; died in Lieberose
- Robert Bernhard (1862–1943), forest scientist, forest manager in Lieberose
- Rudolf Weiss (1899–1945), politician ( NSDAP ), member of the Reichstag , SS and police leader (SSPF); died in Lieberose
- Hans-Wilhelm Ebeling (* 1934), Minister for Economic Cooperation of the GDR in Lothar de Maizière's cabinet , was pastor in Lieberose
- Herbert Schirmer (* 1945), Minister for Culture of the GDR in Lothar de Maizière's cabinet , lives in Lieberose
See also
literature
- Karl Krüger : Messages from the history of the city of Lieberose and the area initially up to 1700. Self-published by the author, Frankfurt / Oder 1891 ( digitized version )
- Karl Krüger : Old Lieberose. Messages from the history of Lieberose and the area. 2nd Edition. Self-published by the author, Lieberose 1904; Reprint in Niederlausitzer Verlag, Guben 2008, ISBN 978-3-935881-56-2 , 216 pp.
- City and development association Lieberose (publisher), Dieter Klaue (management): Lieberose. A journey into the past in words and pictures. Geiger-Verlag, Horb am Neckar 1998, ISBN 3-89570-429-6
- Author collective: 1302–2002: Festschrift for the 700th anniversary of the city of Lieberose. Published by the Friends of the City of Lieberose e. V. Schlaubetal-Druck Kühl OHG, Müllrose 2002, 136 pp.
- Alexander Kessler: City and rule Lieberose / Niederlausitz in the 17th and 18th centuries. Everyday life in the manor (= publications of the Brandenburg State Main Archives Potsdam, Volume 48). BWV, Berliner Wissenschaftsverlag, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-8305-0321-0 , also: Dissertation, University of Paderborn, 2002
Web links
- Homepage of the city of Lieberose with information on sights, accommodation and events
- The city of Lieberose on the side of the Lieberose / Oberspreewald office
- Official website of the state of Brandenburg about the castle
- Goschen in the RBB program Landschleicher on November 11, 2007
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population in the State of Brandenburg according to municipalities, offices and municipalities not subject to official registration on December 31, 2019 (XLSX file; 223 KB) (updated official population figures) ( help on this ).
- ↑ Main statute of the city of Lieberose from March 9, 2009 PDF ( Memento from January 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b Statistics of the German Reich, Volume 450: Official municipality directory for the German Reich, Part I, Berlin 1939; Page 250
- ^ A b Service portal of the state administration of the state of Brandenburg: City of Lieberose
- ^ Richard Andree : Wendish wandering studies. Stuttgart 1874, p. 175
- ↑ Memorial place commemorates the massacre in the Lieberose concentration camp. on www.rbb24.de, April 23, 2017
- ^ Andreas Fritsche: Concentration camp memorial site opened in Lieberose. In: Neues Deutschland, April 24, 2018, p. 10
- ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities, see 1997
- ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2003
- ↑ Historical municipality register of the State of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. Landkreis Dahme-Spreewald , pp. 18–21
- ↑ Population in the state of Brandenburg from 1991 to 2015 according to independent cities, districts and municipalities , Table 7
- ^ Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg (Ed.): Statistical report AI 7, A II 3, A III 3. Population development and population status in the state of Brandenburg (respective editions of the month of December)
- ^ Result of the local election on May 26, 2019
- ↑ a b Kerstin Michelchen back in office. In: Märkische Oderzeitung , August 30, 2016
- ↑ Local elections in the state of Brandenburg on September 28, 2008. Mayoral elections , p. 8
- ^ Approval from all political groups. In: Märkische Oderzeitung , November 14, 2012
- ↑ Brandenburg Local Election Act, Section 73 (1)
- ^ Result of the mayoral election on May 26, 2019
- ↑ Coat of arms information on the service portal of the state administration of Brandenburg
- ↑ On Oswald Reinhardt see: Hyacinth Holland: Reinhardt, Oswald . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 28, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1889, p. 71. and the entry on literaturport.de
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