Loveless heather

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Coordinates: 51 ° 56 ′ 7 ″  N , 14 ° 19 ′ 40 ″  E

Lieberoser Heide, 2011

The Lieberoser Heide is an area in the Brandenburg Lower Lusatia , about 90 km southeast of Berlin and 20 kilometers north of Cottbus and mostly coincident with the former Lieberose military training area . Located south of Lieberose and north of Peitz , the Lieberoser Heide is crossed by the federal highway 168 in a north-south direction between the two cities and from Pinnow via Lieberose to Lamsfeld by the federal highway 320 in an east-west direction. In the west, the Lieberoser Heide borders the Spreewald biosphere reserve .

location

In a moraine landscape shaped by the Ice Age , overgrown by pine forests and extensive sandy heaths , as well as nutrient-poor heather bogs and lakes, is the former Lieberose military training area in the east of the Lieberose plateau. It had a size of 25,500  hectares , from west to east 28 km long, from north to south 12 km wide. The Brandenburg Natural Landscapes Foundation owns 3,150 hectares.

history

Ammo load warning sign

Originally a forest area that had been partly owned by the Counts von der Schulenburg and Houwald since the 16th century , the areas south of today's district boundary belonged to the royal Prussian forestry treasury. The overexploitation of the forest ensured that a heathland was created in the 18th century.

After a forest fire in May 1942, which was the basis for arson on the remaining areas, the establishment of the large military training area "Kurmark" by the Waffen SS has now begun. The Lieberose branch of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp , which was used as a Soviet internment camp from 1945 to 1947, was set up to recruit workers.

The originally intended use of the area as a military training area only took place after the SS training area had been cleared due to the approach of the Red Army in mid-April 1945. The Red Army took over the military training area and began to expand it from 1954 onwards. All existing settlements and the route of the Spreewaldbahn from Byhlen to Lieberose were demolished.

The land reform already resulted in the expropriation of the owners and a transition to state forest districts. The military forest enterprise (VEB) Lieberose was founded for the administration. Lieberose was the only Soviet military training area in the GDR where property management was carried out by a German military forest company.

Until 1992 the area when it was shooting the GSSD and especially for Greater maneuver exercises of the Warsaw Pact used, including as a training area for chemical weapons , there was an airfield, artillery - tanks - missiles - and air-to-ground firing range . After the armed forces withdrew in 1992, the Bundeswehr decided against further use of the site in 1994 and the Lieberose military training area was transferred to the State of Brandenburg . The state sold some areas to private buyers, including the Brandenburg Natural Landscapes Foundation. By far the largest part of the area remained as state property in the administration of the State Forest Office Brandenburg.

This was followed by the following for the site:

On May 29, 2017, a fire broke out on the site of the former firing range, which took hold of up to 250 hectares of forest during the night of May 30. Due to the ammunition load, the fire brigade was only able to take limited action against the spread of the fire. With the help of heavy rainfall, the fire was extinguished on May 30, 2017. On July 5, 2018, after weeks of drought, another fire broke out on the site, which spread to up to 400 hectares. While the areas accessible to the fire brigade were extinguished the next day, the particularly ammunition-contaminated areas could not be entered and continued to burn.

nature

A great diversity of species developed in the closed area, as large parts of the area (around four fifths) were rarely or not at all militarily polluted, while other areas were used intensively. Studies have shown, for example, over 100 breeding bird species , over 400 butterfly , around 220 hymenoptera and 55 dragonfly species . At least 240 of these are endangered animal and plant species on the Red List , such as sea eagle and osprey , hoopoe , falcon , goat milker , grouse and pygmy owl , wolf , otter , great mouse-eared mouse , hermit , stag beetle , European tree frog , eastern green lizard , Bearberry or various sundew and orchid species .

The devastation of the area even resulted in inland dunes and the so-called Lieberos Desert on the sandy soils , so that the end of military use had to result in a sensible concept, mainly due to the high ammunition load on the area.

The permanent settlement of a wolf in the Lieberoser Heide has been known since the end of 2009. At the end of January 2010, animals were taken with the help of an automatic photo trap, which in 2011 provided offspring. Throughout the area there are deer - red , black and - since occurrence of the wolf increasingly sparse - mouflon , but also red fox , raccoon dog , raccoon and badger .

In order to make the areas of the Lieberoser Heide accessible to the population, the Förderverein Nationalpark Lieberoser Heide e. V. and in 2005 the interest group Freie Lieberoser Heide e. V. founded. The aim of these associations is primarily the decontamination and partial development of the area on historical paths, such as the former routes of the horse-drawn railway , the Spreewald railway and the disused railway line Frankfurt (Oder) - Cottbus . According to representatives of the forest administration, people should be able to intervene in the area with care and guidance in order to develop and maintain the heather. In the total reserves of the “Lieberoser Endmoräne” nature reserve, intervention in the game population is only possible in the event of epidemics or for regulation in coordination with the Lower Nature Conservation Authority. While the areas of the Natural Landscapes Foundation will only be managed for a transitional period, forest development in the state forest is supported by near-natural management towards more structured stands. The high proportion of natural regeneration of coniferous and deciduous trees under the umbrella of old pine stands is striking. The felling of conifers on the edge of and in moors also serves to improve the water balance and as a measure for water retention in moors and standing waters.

Many old drainage systems on moors have been dismantled in recent years on the basis of a hydrological report. A forest conversion program is intended to support the development of the area both for forestry and for the purposes of recreation and nature conservation.

tourism

Numerous hikes are offered by the Brandenburg Forest Agency (Oberförstereien Lieberose, Peitz, Cottbus). The starting point are the hiking huts built by the forest administration (Hubertushütte, Rampe VI, in future hut at the deer monument near Pinnow).

The Brandenburg Natural Landscapes Foundation organizes hikes in the area, some in the Sorbian language , but also "desert hikes ". Guests are picked up with a shuttle bus from the nature campsite "Ludwig Leichhardt" Zaue , which is about 30 minutes away , and guided through the 5 km² tree and shrub-free area of ​​the Lieberoser Heide.

In May 2015 the "Lieberoser Heide Succession Park" of the Brandenburg Natural Landscapes Foundation was opened directly on the B168. The development of nature and wilderness is to be made accessible here on a demonstration area. Numerous information boards were set up on a two-kilometer circular route and the viewpoint on the Generalshügel was restored.

literature

  • Torsten Richter, Heiko Schumacher, Claus-Rüdiger Seliger, Wolfgang Roick: Fascination Lieberoser Heide. Landscape between forest, water and space . Published by the Brandenburg Natural Landscapes Foundation. Regia-Verlag, Cottbus 2010, ISBN 978-3-86929-180-2 .
  • Horst Beutler and Doris Beutler: Landscape in New Purpose. Russian military training areas . Findling - Buch- und Zeitschriften-Verlag, Neuenhagen 2000, ISBN 3-933603-11-0 (especially pp. 55–96).

Web links

Commons : Lieberoser Heide  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Heiko Schumacher: Fascination Lieberoser Heide . In: Torsten Richter, Heiko Schumacher, Claus-Rüdiger Seliger, Wolfgang Roick: Fascination Lieberoser Heide. Landscape between forest, water and space . Regia-Verlag, Cottbus 2010, p. 15
  2. ↑ Situation map ( Memento of the original dated August 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / stiftung-nlb.de
  3. ^ Reuse of the former Lieberose military training area . Diploma thesis in the course urban and regional planning at the BTU Cottbus, subsequent use of the former Lieberose military training area, Dipl.-Ing. Michael Dieke, February 2006, p. 21.
  4. ↑ Wolfgang Benz , Barbara Distel (ed.): The place of terror . History of the National Socialist Concentration Camps. Volume 3: Sachsenhausen, Buchenwald. CH Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-406-52963-1 , pp. 224-228.
  5. ↑ Bernd Wegner: Hitler's Political Soldiers. The Waffen-SS 1933–1945. Concept, structure and function of a National Socialist elite . Collection Schöningh on the past and present. Ferdinand Schoeningh, ISBN 3-506-76313-X .
  6. ↑ Fire spreads in the Lieberoser Heide. rbb-online.de, May 30, 2017, accessed on the same day.
  7. ↑ The fire in the Lieberoser Heide has been extinguished. In: Rbb.de . May 30, 2017. Retrieved May 30, 2017 .
  8. ↑ Brandenburg flares up
  9. ↑ See e.g. B. Horst Beutler and Doris Beutler: Landscape in New Purpose. Russian military training areas . Findling - book and magazine publisher, Neuenhagen 2000, p. 187.
  10. ↑ Press release (PDF; 52 kB) July 12, 2011
  11. ↑ Thoralf Schirmer: Neighbors want the Lieberoser Heide free from contaminated sites by 2025. In: Lausitzer Rundschau , online version from July 9, 2005
  12. ↑ Cottbus chief forester warns of the end of Lieberoser Heide Lausitzer Rundschau January 30, 2008
  13. ↑ Experience the wilderness and enjoy the view - the barrier-free “Lieberose Succession Park” has been inaugurated on the NABU website
  14. ↑ Der Succession Park ( Memento of the original from November 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the website of the Brandenburg Natural Landscapes Foundation @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.stiftung-nlb.de