Open land

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Open country using the example of a pipe grass meadow in Lusatia
Semi-open country using the example of broom heather , which is tended by moorland snouts

In open land or open landscape is not overbuilt, not dominated by woody vegetation areas - thus all habitat types that are not to Forest include. This includes agriculturally used areas such as arable land and grassland, as well as natural areas such as moors and block heaps or areas that were formerly more intensively used such as disused military training areas or post-mining landscapes . The largest natural open land biomes are the tundra in the polar regions and the steppes , deserts and savannas in the dry mid-latitudes , the subtropics and tropics . Just like settlement areas, traffic routes do not belong to open land. The transition between open land and forest cannot be clearly defined; it is often referred to as semi- open land .

The subsequent landscapes are mostly valuable landscapes in the sense of nature conservation, as they offer good conditions for the settlement of specially adapted animal and plant species that have become rare.

From an open land without human intervention , a forest biotope type that varies depending on the type of soil develops, usually through succession of bushes over pre- forest stages. The maintenance and care of open landscapes requires coordinated biotope care, which, in addition to forestry methods, can also be carried out by animals that bite back the trees.

Alternative considerations known under the term mega-herbivore theory, however, assume that even without human influence in many regions of Europe, especially in the lowlands, open to semi-open landscapes would represent the natural vegetation. According to this, grazing by herbivores would lead to very different stages of succession in a very small space and would enable open land species to be established in Central Europe even without human intervention.

Landscape and nature reserves called Offenland

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  1. ↑ Bettina Burkart: Open land management with domestic and wild animals: using the example of the former Dauban Oberlausit military training area . Ed .: Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg. Institute for Landscape Management (=  Culterra . No. 45 ). 1st edition. Verlag der Institut für Landespflege der Universität Freiburg, 2005, ISBN 3-933390-32-X , ISSN  1435-8506 , chap. 7 , p. 302 , col. 1 .