Biotope type
A biotope type is an abstract type from the totality of identical or similar biotopes and is primarily used to describe the smallest ecological landscape units within the framework of the requirements of nature conservation laws . Each individual type, as a habitat with its ecological conditions, offers uniform conditions, different from other types, and is characterized by special plant communities. It can be understood as the result of similar living conditions and a related vegetation history . In the typing flow abiotic and biotic environmental factors a, a large part is dominated by anthropogenic use or compromised.
In Appendix I of the Habitats Directive of the European Union, a list of biotope types worthy of protection is given, the conservation of which is in the special community interest. These are referred to here as habitat types . The member states of the EU are obliged to designate special protected areas for these habitat types.
structure
The main feature of the differentiation is the vegetation , the location is subordinate. Often several biotope types are combined in one biotope class. The biotope complex or type of biotope complex are characteristic combinations of biotopes that occur repeatedly along an ecological factor gradient. From a nature conservation point of view, contact zones between very different biotope types are of particular value. The complex types are more at risk than the associated individual biotope types.
application
Biotope type mapping is carried out on the basis of the respective valid country key (e.g. Drachenfels 2004 for Lower Saxony, Zimmermann et al. 2004 for Brandenburg), whereby the term "key" is not used here in the sense of a identification key , but a list of the biotope type key (Abbreviations, numbers) is to be understood. In mapping, the recording of threatened habitats is of particular importance. The mapping scale varies according to the task at hand, as a rule the mapping is done on a scale of 1: 5,000. The conventional way of mapping is via field mapping. An alternative is airborne biotope type mapping. The mapping key on which biotope mapping is based contains, among other things, a description of all possible biotope types, from which the mapper must decide on a type for each area unit he has chosen. The value of an area in terms of nature conservation and land maintenance changes due to the number of certain types of biotope in it. Various types of biotope are declared as worthy of protection in accordance with the state's nature conservation laws.
In addition to the state-wide biotope mapping of the respective federal state, the allocation, delimitation and mapping of biotope types is the essential basis of the intervention regulation according to the Federal Nature Conservation Act. For the respective specialist plan , usually a landscape conservation plan as part of a plan approval or an environmental report for interventions based on the building code , the respective planning area is divided into individual areas according to a previously agreed mapping key and these are evaluated. In this way, the severity of the intervention is determined as the basis for compensatory measures and proof of the (planning) compensation is provided. Because of this function, comprehensive mapping of biotope types is required (including sealed areas, buildings, roads, etc.). These are also defined as biotope types within the framework of the procedure.
Red list of biotope types
The red list of biotope types is a compilation for the assessment of endangered habitats. The landscape of Central Europe can be divided into more than 300 biotope types. Within the framework of the CORINE program , around 600 biotope types across Europe were defined in an EU-standardized way for the evaluation of aerial photographs. The CORINE program currently distinguishes between 37 types for Germany.
literature
- State Office for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Geology Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Hrsg.): Instructions for biotope mapping in the area. 1st edition. Gülzow 1998, ISSN 0944-0836 ( PDF; 2 MB )
- State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection North Rhine-Westphalia (LANUV): Biotopes worthy of protection in North Rhine-Westphalia. Mapping instructions online
Individual evidence
- ↑ R. Pott: Biotope types: Habitats worth protecting in Germany and neighboring regions. Ulmer, Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-8001-3484-5 , page 41
- ↑ R. Pott: Biotope types: Habitats worth protecting in Germany and neighboring regions. Ulmer, Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-8001-3484-5 , page 6
- ↑ Example from Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania for the derivation of the biotope types from biotopes: see Annex 1 NatSchAG MV in connection with the table assignment of the biotope types (PDF)
- ^ P. Mertz: Plant communities of Central Europe and the Alps. Recognize, determine, evaluate. Ecomed Verlagsgesellschaft, Landsberg / Lech, 2000, page 33. ISBN 3-609-19380-8
- ↑ Classification key for CORINE data ( archive link ( Memento of the original from April 10, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. )
