Schwielochsee
| Schwielochsee | ||
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| Schwieloch of Niewisch from | ||
| Geographical location | Brandenburg , Germany | |
| Tributaries | In the west the Spree and the Ressener Mühlenfließ , in the east the Doberburger Mühlenfließ and the Möllener Mühlenfließ as well as some former peat ditches. | |
| Places on the shore | Goyatz , Jessern , Pieskow | |
| Location close to the shore | Beeskow | |
| Data | ||
| Coordinates | 52 ° 4 ′ 0 ″ N , 14 ° 12 ′ 0 ″ E | |
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| Altitude above sea level | 40.8 m | |
| surface | 13.3 km² | |
| length | 10.5 km | |
| width | 2.4 km | |
| volume | 0.06 km³ | |
| scope | approx. 40 km | |
| Maximum depth | 14 m | |
| Middle deep | 8–9 m | |
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particularities |
Boulders |
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The Schwielochsee ( Lower Sorbian Gójacki jazor ) is located southeast of Berlin on the northeastern edge of the Spreewald . In its northern part it is traversed by the Spree, which flows in from the west and leaves the lake to the north in the direction of Beeskow . Its area belongs entirely to the municipality of Schwielochsee in the Dahme-Spreewald district . With a water surface of 13.3 km², the lake is the largest natural lake in the state of Brandenburg .
History and name
The Schwielochsee is mentioned for the first time in 1302 in a document of the Landgrave of Thuringia, in which it was about the free shipping of the Lieberos citizens. Sound and spelling changed over the centuries. Examples are from 1302 Zwilow, 1757 Schwieloh, to 1879 Schwielochsee. The Seename as well as place names and place names are mostly Lower Sorbian origin.
Geography and geology
The Schwielochsee is divided into the large and the small Schwielochsee. The latter is further south, near the towns of Jessern and Goyatz . It has a depth of eight to nine meters and is connected to the Großer Schwielochsee by a fairway called the "Hals". The depth of the Großer Schwielochsee is around 14 meters. The water flows in to the west through the Ressener Mühlenfließ , to the east through the Doberburger and Möllener Mühlenfließ and through some former peat ditches. The water level is mainly regulated by the Spree flowing through in the northwestern part of the lake .
As with all natural lakes in the area, the formation of the Schwielochsee can be traced back to the Ice Age formations that brought rubble and debris with them. Even today, numerous boulders of various sizes and types of rock bear witness to their Scandinavian origins. The melt water that was released when the ice later thawed was initially accumulated in the channels that were already there. Due to this fact and in spite of the difficulty of exact determination, the Schwielochsee can be described as a Rinnensee after its origin, which is also proven by its elongated and narrow shape.
Flora and fauna
The banks of the Schwielochsee are bordered all around by a wide belt of reeds , which reveals the view of the lake through isolated gaps. The reed belt is particularly dense on the banks of the "neck" of the Schwielochsee, on the Rohrberge north of Zaue , in the area of the Spree estuary and at the northern exit of the lake.
Many interesting plant species have settled on and around the lake. So here are the yellow, for example, and the white water lily found and also the pondweed that Seebinse , Kalmus , sedge and Thelypteris palustris are here at home.
The animal world also finds good nesting and breeding opportunities on the shores around the Schwielochsee - as well as on the neighboring lakes - as well as appropriate living conditions for the innumerable insect species that live here. Representatives of the bird world that live here include terns , gulls , wagtails , lapwing , the great bittern , herons , storks , the nightingale and occasionally eagles . The most varied species of swimming birds are also well represented. In addition to the common mallard , there are also coot , the great crested grebe , the teal and occasionally the pochard . Even migratory birds can occasionally be seen here. The tufted ducks , wild geese and, more recently, swans have settled here for a while . The green pond frog has settled on the shallow waters of the shore . In addition to perch , carp and eel, you can also find roach , rudd , lead , tench , pikeperch , burbot , catfish and occasional pike in the water itself .
Importance as a waterway
The Schwielochsee was particularly important as a traffic route for the Spreewald region in the 18th and 19th centuries. Goods and merchandise that arrived at the Baltic and North Sea ports were usually transported by barge to Goyatz via the Oder, the Havel to the Schwielochsee. The main goods were oil, fish, colored wood, coal, limestone, grain and wool. Local products were shipped from Cottbus, for example cast and cloth goods, but also hay, straw, peat and wood. Up to 250,000 quintals of goods a year were brought by water over the Schwieloch to Goyatz, where usually up to 20 barges had to be unloaded at the same time. In Goyatz, the goods were transshipped and shipped on with the Cottbus-Schwielochsee railway . This horse-drawn tram existed from 1846–1879.
With the construction of new railway connections from Cottbus to Görlitz and Frankfurt, the Schwieloch quickly lost its importance as a transport route. While 357 barges passed the Schwielochsee in 1865 , there were only 75 in 1878. For this reason, the general assembly of the railway company decided on November 21, 1878 to cease operations.
Today the Schwielochsee is only used by sport boats and two excursion boats , the MS Schwielochsee and the MS Falke. It is possible to travel by boat or ship over the extensive Brandenburg waterways and lake landscapes to Frankfurt / Oder, Berlin or the Baltic Sea.
Legend
The origin of the Schwielochsee is explained in a legend that in the distant past there was supposed to have been a mighty deciduous forest in a swampy landscape in this area. A Wenden king had chosen this area for his wild pigs, which could thrive here well and undisturbed. One day a huge sow came across a hidden spring while rooting below the Babenberg. Mighty masses of water gushed out of the torn ground and poured into the forest. After a while, the once mighty and magnificent forest was gone. The waves of a huge lake flooded over the tops of the sunken trees, which has since been called Swinlug-Schweineloch, or as it is called today "Schwielochsee".
Since the entire herd of pigs perished in the water, the nobleman became very angry. He summoned all of his gamekeepers and killed them furiously with his own hand. The blood of the unfortunate clouded the water of a spring that still flows reddish today. One of those who died in the process uttered a terrible curse at the hour of his death. He called the lake, which had led to his own death and the death of his comrades, to avenge. According to the legend, the belief that the lake claims its sacrifice every year continues to this day. But even the King of the Wends did not escape his punishment. In the fight with other nobles he was defeated, and so his life came to an early end. His enormous treasure is said to have rested deep down in the Babenberg ever since, it can only be lifted by someone who is born with three teeth.
