Möllen (Friedland)

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Möllen
City of Friedland
Coordinates: 52 ° 4 ′ 54 ″  N , 14 ° 14 ′ 15 ″  E
Height : 46 m above sea level NN
Incorporation : January 1, 1938
Incorporated into: Niewisch
Postal code : 15848
Area code : 033676

Möllen ( Lower Sorbian Mólin ) is a residential area in the Niewisch district of the city of Friedland in the Oder-Spree district (Brandenburg). Möllen was an independent municipality until it was incorporated into Niewisch in 1938. In the early modern times, the place was occasionally counted among the so-called "water villages", according to its location on the Schwielochsee .

geography

Möllen (and Sarkow) on the Urmes table sheet 3951 Trebatsch from 1846

Möllen is located 3 km southwest of Friedland, and just under one kilometer from the (town center) Niewisch. The buildings between Niewisch and Möllen merge almost seamlessly today. The district of Möllen was combined with the district of Niewisch. The former district corresponds to Corridors 1 and 2 of the Niewisch district. The former district bordered in the north on the Schwielochsee belonging to Speichrow, in the northeast on the district of the (core) city Friedland, in the east on Karras (district of the city of Friedland) and in the south on the district of Niewisch. Möllen can be reached via the L 441, which branches off the B 186 at the Wuggelmühle and leads south along the Schwielochsee. The only noteworthy body of water is the Sangase, which, coming from the east, used to form the southern border of the Möllen district. It flows into the Schwielochsee a little west of the village.

The Vorwerk Elisenruh, which was built before 1846, also belonged to the former district of Möllen, but it disappeared after the Second World War. The Wuggelmühle on the Wuggel was already outside the boundary, as was the Voigtsmühle.

history

The history of the village of Möllen is extremely poorly documented compared to most of the surrounding villages. It is also mentioned in documents very late, namely in 1574 for the first time. At that time it was owned by Joachim II. Vd Schulenburg on Lieberose . The name Möllen is probably not derived from the obvious nds. * Mölle = mill from, but comes from sorb , as in other Brandenburg places with a similar name (Mellen / Möllen) . * měl = shallow place. Möllen is the village structure after a small round village or a Rundling. Rundlinge were planned settlements that were preferred in the 12th / 13th centuries. Century in Slavic populated areas under German rule.

When Jacob (I.) and Richard (II.) Vd Schulenburg took over Lieberose from the v. Köckritz bought, Möllen was not (yet) one of them (or it was left out in the certificate). The Lieberose rule was a fiefdom of the Bohemian noble family v. Sternberg . In the case of later enfeoffments of the vd Schulenburg with the Lieberose rule, Möllen is listed. So it was (became?) Part of the Sternberg fief. In 1597 Richard III. vd Schulenburg the so-called Zickoschen estates Niewisch , Pieskow and Speichrow , which connected south along the Schwielochsee to Möllen. These three villages were a fiefdom of the Neuzelle monastery and therefore an exclave of the Guben district in the Lübben district until the district reform in 1816/7 ; It was not until 1817 that these three villages came to the Lübben district. Möllen cannot have come to Lieberose rulership this way. Therefore, the above assumption that it was simply omitted in the 1519 document becomes more likely. A last possibility is that it came to the vd Schulenburg between 1519 and 1574 through an exchange with the place Glowe, which was later no longer mentioned as part of the Lieberose rule. Möllen remained under the Lieberose rule and under the vd Schulenburgs until the middle of the 19th century. After the loss of jurisdiction and the replacement of feudal burdens, membership of the class had become meaningless.

Werner (X.) vd Schulenburg, Richard and Jacob's father, had already bought the Lübbenau and Neu Zauche estates in 1505. In 1519 the Lieberose rule was added. When the Schulenburg property was divided between the two brothers, the Lieberose reign fell to Richard II. After his death in 1536, the rule of Lieberose and with it Möllen came to his son Joachim II, who in 1560 also inherited his cousin Georg (V), the son of Jacob (I). With that he reunited the Schulenburg property. In 1578 he was able to use the right of first refusal on the Straupitz rule and acquire the rule. He died in 1594 and left his large estate to his only son Richard (III). However, he died quite surprisingly as early as 1600. He was followed by his son Joachim (VII). He had to sell some of his possessions to service debts. When he died in 1619, the debts were still so high that the lords of Lübbenau and Neu-Zauche had to be left to the creditors. First, the Lieberose rule fell to Joachim's widow, Maria Hedwig Countess of Dohna. In 1643 she ceded the rule to her son Heinrich Joachim. In 1648 he was still able to acquire the Lamsfeld estates and in his will determined the Lieberose lordship, the Lamsfeld estates and the Zickos estates to be a majorate . After his death in 1665 without a physical heir, the property fell to Achaz (II.) Von der Schulenburg on Beetzendorf in the Altmark, who at the time was governor of the Altmark and privy councilor of Brandenburg. The successor to ownership in 1681 was Levin Joachim, but he died childless in 1694. Now the property fell to the youngest son Hans Georg. He was a Danish major general and had won awards in the war against Sweden. Hans Georg von der Schulenburg died in 1715, heir was his only son Georg Anton.

Georg Anton vd Schulenburg died in 1778. Then there was an inheritance dispute because Georg Anton had bequeathed the allodial property to the children of his sister Sofie Henriette Countess von Podewils. The dispute was about what should be included in allod and what should be included in majorat. The legal dispute ended in 1781 with a settlement. The family of the Counts of Podewils received the rule of Leuthen , while the rule of Lieberose, the Lamsfeld estates, the Zickos estates, Siegadel and Trebitz remained with the von der Schulenburg family. But now the legal dispute continued among the cousins ​​of the von der Schulenburg who were entitled to inheritance and was finally decided in 1787 in favor of the oldest of the cousins, the Danish Lieutenant General Johann Heinrich from the Tuchheim line. Johann Heinrich von der Schulenburg took possession of Lieberose in 1787. However, his marriage to Friederike Luise Countess Knut remained childless and after his death in 1791 the son of his youngest brother Achaz Albrecht Ludwig, Dietrich Ernst Otto Albrecht, inherited the Lieberose reign and the majorate. Dietrich Ernst Otto Albrecht von der Schulenburg (1756–1831) sold the Lieberose estate and the associated goods in 1806 to his younger brother Friedrich Ferdinand Bernhard Achaz. This was raised to the hereditary Prussian count status in 1816. In 1824 the civil jurisdiction was initially abolished and jurisdiction in the rule was transferred to the Lieberose court office. In 1834 the count applied for the transfer of civil jurisdiction back and received it back in 1836. In 1849 civil jurisdiction finally passed to the Lieberose District Court. The patrimonial jurisdiction in the manor district, which was created from the castle and its outbuildings, was retained. With the replacement of the feudal burdens in the middle of the 19th century, the period of Lieberose feudal rule came to an end, although Möllen was formally still part of the Lieberose class. Friedrich Ferdinand von der Schulenburg died in 1847. His son Friedrich Albrecht now inherited the property. Friedrich Albrecht von der Schulenburg died in 1869. He was followed by his son Dietrich Friedrich Joachim Graf von der Schulenburg (1849–1911). In 1910, 11,610 hectares of land belonged to the Lieberose rulership or manor district, including 9,221 hectares of forest. Dietrich von der Schulenburg died in 1911. His younger brother Otto (1857–1945) became heir. In 1929 the manor district was united with the city of Lieberose. The last remainder of the Lieberose rulership passed to communal authorities. As a result of the law on the abolition of the class privileges of the nobility and the dissolution of household property, the Fideikommiss Free Class Authority Lieberose was dissolved in 1929 and converted into a forest foundation. This form was permitted by law to hold larger forest holdings in one hand. In 1943, the Schulenburg family was expropriated in order to create a military training area on the associated forest areas. The last owners of the Lieberose Forest Foundation were Count Otto, who died in 1945, and his son Count Albrecht Friedrich von der Schulenburg.

The village of Möllen

In 1708 four farmers and two Büdner lived in the village of Möllen . Möllen had an estimate of 530 thalers, a very low value compared with the neighboring villages of Niewisch, Pieskow and Speichrow. In 1774, the Sternberg clerk Christian Reinisch inspected the Sternberg fiefs in Lower Lusatia. At Möllen he noted: “Some wine is grown here, there is also some bushes and a water cave. The state treasury is 530 guilders ”. According to the Schmettauschen map of 1767/87, the Voigtmühle and the Wuggelmühle already existed. The map does not show whether there was still a water mill in the village. In 1795 a Freihäusler lived in Möllen alongside the other six subjects. In 1809, four whole farmers, one whole kossate and two cottagers or Büdner lived in Möllen. In 1818 there were 9 “fire places” (= houses) and 63 “souls” in Möllen. In 1827 the services, pre-stations and servitutes of the localities Sykadel ( Siegadel ), Niewisch , Möllen, Schadow and Jamlitz were replaced. By 1840 the place had grown to 12 houses in which 83 people lived. In 1846 a windmill is already recorded in Urmes table sheet 3951 from 1846. A water mill was located near the village on the Sangase (also called Möllener Mühlenfließ). In 1848 the owner of the farm, Gottfried Haase from Möllen, intended to build a post mill with two grinding aisles , one millet aisle , two double and one single pestle on a field belonging to him . It is not known whether the project was realized or whether it was just a new construction of the existing windmill from 1846. In the topographic map 1: 25,000 3951 Niewisch (taken in 1903) only one windmill (and one water mill) is recorded. In the edition of the topographic map 1: 25,000 3951 Niewisch from 1942, however, the windmill is no longer recorded. In 1861 Möllen is described by Riehl as a village with 12 houses and 109 inhabitants. The watermill belonged to an owner named Hilgenfeld. The topographic-statistical handbook of the government district of Frankfurt ad O. gives only 11 houses for 1864, in which 73 people lived. There was a water mill and a windmill. The above statement by Riehl is therefore probably imprecise. In 1870 the village mayor Sbey is mentioned.

Population development from 1818 to 1933
year 1818 1846 1871 1890 1910 1925 1933
Residents 63 80 79 94 89 79 79

Political history

The Lower Lusatian village belonged to the Krumpree district in Saxon times, which was later also called the Lübbenscher district. After Lower Lusatia passed to Prussia, the village remained in the Lübben district. On January 1, 1938, Möllen was incorporated into the neighboring village of Niewisch. During the first district reform in the GDR in 1950, Niewisch and the Möllen district initially remained with the Lübben district, but were then reclassified to the newly created Beeskow district during the major district reform of 1952 . After reunification, it was renamed the Beeskow district for three years . In 1992 Niewisch merged with 14 other small communities and the city of Friedland to form the Friedland / Niederlausitz office. In the district reform of 1993 in the state of Brandenburg, the districts of Beeskow , Fürstenwalde , the independent city of Eisenhüttenstadt and the district of Eisenhüttenstadt were merged to form the Oder-Spree district. In 2001, 14 municipalities of the office together with the city of Friedland formed the new city of Friedland. On October 26, 2003 Reudnitz was incorporated into the city of Friedland by law as the last municipality of the Friedland / Niederlausitz office and the office was dissolved. Since 2001, Niewisch has been a district of the city of Friedland within the Oder-Spree district. Möllen is only one place in the local hierarchy in the district of Niewisch. In the district of Niewisch there is a local advisory board with three members who elect a local councilor from among their ranks. In 2014, Klaus Roy was mayor.

Church history

Möllen never had its own church or parish, but always belonged to the parish of Niewisch. Today Möllen belonged with Niewisch to the Evangelical Church Community of Friedland - Niewisch.

natural reserve

The northeastern foothills of the Schwielochsee and the mouth of the Dammmühlenfließen are protected by the Dammühlenfließniederung nature reserve .

supporting documents

literature

  • Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz. Volume 2, Adolph Müller, Brandenburg 1855, p. 603 ( online at Google Books ) (in the following abbreviated Berghaus, Landbuch, 3 with corresponding page number)
  • Johann Friedrich Danneil : The gender of the Schulenburg. Volume 2, commissioned by JD Schmidt, Salzwedel 1847 Online at Google Books (in the following abbreviated to Danneil, gender of von der Schulenburg, 2, with corresponding page number)
  • Götz Freiherr von Houwald : The Niederlausitz manors and their owners. Volume III: District of Lübben. Verlag Degener & Co., owner Gerhard Gessner, Neustadt an der Aisch 1984, ISBN 3-7686-4109-0
  • Rudolf Lehmann : Historical local lexicon of Niederlausitz. Volume 1, Hessisches Landesamt für Geschichtliche Landeskunde, Marburg 1979, ISBN 3-921254-96-5 (in the following abbreviated Historisches Ortslexikon Niederlausitz, 1 with corresponding page number).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Molin" entry in the Lower Sorbian place names database on dolnoserbski.de
  2. ^ A b Service portal of the state administration of Brandenburg: Stadt Friedland
  3. ↑ Ernst Eichler: The place names of Niederlausitz. 1st edition. 189 p., VEB Domowina publishing house, Bautzen 1975 (p. 116.)
  4. ↑ a b Historisches Ortslexikon Niederlausitz, 1, pp. 207/8.
  5. ^ Wolfgang Jürries (ed.): Rundlinge and Slavs, contributions to Rundlingsforschung . Lüchow, 2004, ISBN 3-9806364-0-2
  6. ↑ Danneil, family of von der Schulenburg, 2, p. 294ff., Joachim II.)
  7. ↑ Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Frankfurth ad O. 388 S., Berlin, G. Hayn 1820.
  8. ↑ Official Gazette of the Royal Prussian Government in Frankfurt ad O., Oeffentlicher Anzeiger as a supplement to No.32 of the Official Gazette, from August 8, 1827, p.234 online at Google Books
  9. ↑ Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Frankfurt ad O. 270 S., Frankfurt a. O., Gustav Harnecker's Buchhandlung, 1844 Online at Google Books
  10. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Prussian Government in Frankfurt ad O., Oeffentlicher Anzeiger, No. 8 of February 23, 1848, p. 99 online at Google Books
  11. ^ Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl, J. Scheu: Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg with the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz in their history and in their present existence. VIII, 716 S., J. Scheu, Berlin 1861. Online at Google Books (p. 639)
  12. ↑ Topographical-statistical manual of the government district Frankfurt ad O. Frankfurt ad O. Verlag von Gustav Harnecker u. Co., 1867 Online at Google Books .
  13. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Prussian Government in Frankfurt ad Oder, year 1870, No. 3, from January 19, 1870 online at Google Books (p. 19)
  14. ↑ Contribution to the statistics of the State Office for Data Processing and Statistics. Historical municipality register of the State of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005 19.3 District Dahme-Spreewald PDF
  15. ↑ Main statutes of the city of Friedland from June 4, 2009 PDF
  16. ^ District Niewisch on the website of the city of Friedland
  17. ^ Rudolf Lehmann: Studies on the history of the church organization and administration of the Lausitz in the Middle Ages. 245 p., St. Benno-Verlag, Leipzig 1986 (studies on the history of the Catholic diocese and monastery, volume 28) ISBN 3-7462-0127-6 (p. 25)
  18. ↑ Evangelische Kirchengemeinde Friedland - Niewisch ( Memento of the original dated February 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.friedland-nl.de