Niewisch (Friedland)

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Niewisch
City of Friedland
Coordinates: 52 ° 4 ′ 31 ″  N , 14 ° 13 ′ 37 ″  E
Height : 48 m
Area : 9.48 km²
Residents : 167  (December 31, 2016)
Population density : 18 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : March 31, 2001
Postal code : 15848
Area code : 033676
Niewisch village church (2009)

Niewisch ( Lower Sorbian Njewěš ) is a district of the non-governmental city Friedland in the Oder-Spree district ( Brandenburg ). In the early modern period it belonged to the three "water villages", also called "Zieckoschen goods", together with Pieskow and Speichrow . Niewisch was an independent municipality until it was incorporated into Friedland in 2001.

The Schwielochsee seen from Niewisch.

Geographical location

Niewisch is about four kilometers southwest of Friedland and about eleven kilometers southwest of Beeskow on the east bank of the Schwielochsee . When Möllen was incorporated in 1950, its district was also dissolved and merged with the district of Niewisch. The district of Niewisch borders in the north on the district of the (core) city Friedland (or the former district of Möllen), in the east on the district of Karras , in the southeast on Schadow , in the south on Pieskow and in the west and northwest to the Schwielochsee, which is part of the Speichrow district. The place can be reached via the L 441, which leaves the B 168 at the Wuggelmühle ; the L 441 continues through the village to Pieskow. The inhabited part of the municipality Möllen and the residential area Voigtmühle belong to Niewisch . A weekend house settlement on the banks of the Schwielochsee extends southwest of the town center.

In the eastern part of the district, some peaks reach just over 60 m, the lowest point of the district is the lake level of the Schwielochsee with 40.8 m. The Sangase , which originally formed the boundary between Niewisch and Möllen, runs between Niewisch and Möllen. The northern border of the district (or the former northern border of the Möllen district) forms the Wuggel . To the east of the junction of the L 441 from the B 168 is the residential area Wuggelmühle belonging to the (core) town of Friedland.

history

After Eichler, the name is derived from an nso. Basic form * Nivišče , to * niwa = fertile farmland from. The original village structure is said to have been a dead end. Neither the Schmettausche map series from 1767/87 nor the Urmes table sheet from 1846 (sheet 3951 Trebatsch) depicts a dead end village . Coming from Möllen, the road leads through the village to Pieskow.

According to Rudolf Lehmann, the place was owned by the Neuzelle monastery before 1388 , which was destroyed by the Hussites during the Hussite Wars in 1429 . For the reconstruction of the monastery, Abbot Nicolaus II of Bomsdorf (1432–1469) had to sell (mostly for repurchase) or pawn some monastery villages. Among them was probably Niewisch, who was probably sent to the v. Zabeltitz was awarded. However, it must have returned to the monastery around 1500 or later. Probably before the middle of the 16th century, the monastery lent the three monastery villages Niewisch, Pieskow and Speichrow to the family v. Zieckau. Siegmund the Elder, who died in 1542, was probably already Ä. v. Zieckau owned by the three villages. After his death they went to his son Hans v. Zieckau. However, he had to leave them to his creditors. In agreement with his brother Christoph, Siegmund d. In 1569 the three villages; a fourth brother, Balthasar, had died earlier. Eventually Siegmund the Elder bought J. v. Zieckau the three villages in 1577. Siegmund v. Zieckau had his knight seat in Neudöbern , but he sold it in 1578 and built a new knight seat in Niewisch. Christoph v. Zieckau, a citizen of Calau, acquired the village of Schmogro (today Großräschen Ost, Oberspreewald-Lausitz district ) in 1579 . According to the sex of the v. In Zieckau, the three villages were also called the Zieckoschen Güter , or after their location on the Schwielochsee the three villages were also called the "water villages". Because of its location on the Schwielochsee, Möllen was occasionally counted among the "water villages", although it had a different history of ownership.

In 1597 Richard (III.) Vd Schulenburg, the owner of the Lieberose estate , acquired the Zieckos property Niewisch, Pieskow and Speichrow, which stretched along the Schwielochsee lake. Since these three villages were a fiefdom of the Neuzelle monastery, they remained an exclave of the Guben district in the Krumm Spree district (later called the district of Lübben) until the district reform in 1816/7 , and only came to the district of Lübben in 1816 . Richard (III.) Died on November 25th, 1600 while hunting in Pieskow. He was followed by his son Joachim (VII.). He had to sell some of his possessions to service debts. When he died in 1619, the debts were still so high that the lords of Lübbenau and Neu-Zauche had to be left to the creditors. First, the Lieberose rule fell to Joachim's widow, Maria Hedwig Countess of Dohna. In 1643 she ceded the rule to her son Heinrich Joachim. In 1648 he was still able to acquire the Lamsfeld estates and in his will determined the Lieberose lordship, the Lamsfeld estates and the Zickos estates to be a majorate. After his death in 1665 without a physical heir, the property fell to Achaz (II.) Von der Schulenburg on Beetzendorf in the Altmark, who at the time was governor of the Altmark and privy councilor of Brandenburg. After his death in 1681 Levin Joachim vd Schulenburg was the successor to ownership; but he died childless in 1694. Now the property fell to the youngest son Hans Georg. He was a Danish major general and had won awards in the war against Sweden. Hans Georg von der Schulenburg died in 1715, heir was his only son Georg Anton.

In 1778 Georg Anton vd Schulenburg died without a physical heir. Then there was an inheritance dispute because Georg Anton had bequeathed the allodial property to the children of his sister Sofie Henriette Countess von Podewils. The dispute was about what should be included in allod and what should be included in majorat. The legal dispute ended in 1781 with a settlement. The family of the Counts of Podewils received the rule of Leuthen, while the rule of Lieberose, the Lamsfeld estates, the Zickos estates, Siegadel and Trebitz remained with the von der Schulenburg family. But now the legal dispute continued among the cousins ​​of the von der Schulenburg who were entitled to inheritance and was finally decided in 1787 in favor of the oldest of the cousins, the Danish Lieutenant General Johann Heinrich from the Tuchheim line. Johann Heinrich von der Schulenburg took possession of Lieberose in 1787. However, his marriage to Friederike Luise Countess Knut remained childless and after his death in 1791 the son of his youngest brother Achaz Albrecht Ludwig, Dietrich Ernst Otto Albrecht, inherited the majorate. Dietrich Ernst Otto Albrecht vd Schulenburg (1756–1831) sold the Lieberose estate and the associated goods in 1806 to his younger brother Friedrich Ferdinand Bernhard Achaz. This was raised to the hereditary Prussian count status in 1816. In 1824 the civil jurisdiction was initially abolished and jurisdiction in the rule was transferred to the Lieberose court office. In 1834 the count applied for the transfer of civil jurisdiction back and received it back in 1836. In 1849 civil jurisdiction finally passed to the Lieberose District Court. The patrimonial jurisdiction in the manor district , which was created from the castle and its outbuildings , was retained. With the replacement of the feudal burdens in the middle of the 19th century, the period of Lieberose feudal rule came to an end, although Möllen was formally still part of the Lieberose class. Friedrich Ferdinand von der Schulenburg died in 1847. His son Friedrich Albrecht now inherited the property. Friedrich Albrecht von der Schulenburg died in 1869. He was followed by his son Dietrich Friedrich Joachim Graf von der Schulenburg (1849–1911). In 1910, 11,610 hectares of land belonged to the Lieberose lordship or manor district, including 9,221 hectares of forest alone. Dietrich von der Schulenburg died in 1911. His younger brother Otto (1857–1945) became heir. In 1929 the manor district was united with the city of Lieberose. The last remainder of the Lieberose rulership passed to communal authorities. As a result of the law on the abolition of the class privileges of the nobility and the dissolution of household property, the Fideikommiss Free Class Authority Lieberose was dissolved in 1929 and converted into a forest foundation. This form was permitted by law to hold larger forest holdings in one hand. In 1943, the Schulenburg family was expropriated in order to create a military training area on the associated forest areas . The last owners of the Lieberose Forest Foundation were Count Otto, who died in 1945, and his son Count Albrecht Friedrich von der Schulenburg.

Niewisch (and Möllen) on the Urmes table sheet 3951 Trebatsch from 1846. On the lower right edge of the picture the Voigtsmühle belonging to the Niewisch district on the Sangase.

The village

The social structure of Niewisch was broken down in 1797 as follows: seven farmers, five kossäts and five buedners . In 1718 the field marrow of Niewisch had 27 hooves , which were cultivated by six hofners . There were also three cottagers and five cottagers living in the village . The place had a tax estimate of 1000 guilders. 1723 report the documents of 17 (male and adult) subjects. In 1809 there lived six whole farmers (full farmers), four whole cottagers and six cottagers or Büdner in Niewisch. In 1818 the place had 24 fireplaces (households or residential buildings) and 139 inhabitants.

In 1827 the services, pre-stations and servitutes in Niewisch were replaced. In 1840, 24 houses were counted in Niewisch, in which 156 people lived. Viticulture was still practiced in the area into the 19th century. The Voigtmühle is already listed on the Urmes table sheet 3951 Trebatsch from 1846. According to Berghaus, there was a country school in the village and a water mill in 1854 , which can only refer to the Voigts mill. The topographical-statistical handbook of the government district of Frankfurt ad O. lists 26 houses and 204 inhabitants in the village itself and 2 houses and 20 inhabitants in Voigts Mühle for 1864. The watermill belonging to the mill master Friedrich August Weinhold was foreclosed in 1861.

Population development from 1818 to 2002
year 1818 1846 1871 1890 1910 1925 1939 1946 1950 1964 1971 1981 1991 2000
Residents 139 175 221 191 206 180 246 381 319 234 233 185 198 197
The syringe house and transformer house, both listed, date from 1924

Political Affiliation

The three villages of Niewisch, Pieskow and Speichrow belonged to the Guben district as an exclave until 1816 , then only became part of the Lübben district in the district reform of 1815/6 . During the district reform of 1950 in the former GDR, they initially remained with the Lübben district. But with the district reform of 1952 they came to the Beeskow district , which was renamed the Beeskow district in 1990 . In the course of the formation of offices in the state of Brandenburg in 1992, Niewisch merged with 15 other communities to form the Friedland (Niederlausitz) office . In the district reform of 1993, the districts of Beeskow , Fürstenwalde , the independent city of Eisenhüttenstadt and the district of Eisenhüttenstadt were merged to form the Oder-Spree district. Pieskow and Niewisch came to the new Oder-Spree district. However, the southern part of the Beeskow district was separated and turned into the Dahme-Spreewald district, including Speichrow. This is how the district boundary runs today between the former “water villages”.

With the voluntary amalgamation of 13 municipalities of the Friedland (Niederlausitz) office to form the new city of Friedland in 2001, Niewisch lost its independence. Since 2001 Niewisch has been part of the city of Friedland. The Friedland (Niederlausitz) office last consisted of only two municipalities and was dissolved on October 26, 2003, the last official municipality Groß Muckrow was incorporated into the city of Friedland by law. In Niewisch the mayor is elected directly. Dietmar Loichen is currently (beginning of 2015) mayor.

Church history

Niewisch was the mother church in the Middle Ages and early modern times; In addition to Niewisch, the parish also included Karras, Möllen, Pieskow, Schadow and Speichrow. Trebitz was originally one of them. Today the place forms together with Friedland the Evangelical Church Community Friedland-Niewisch.

Monuments and sights

The list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg for the Oder-Spree district lists numerous archaeological monuments:

Architectural monuments

The list of monuments lists two architectural monuments

The village church of Niewisch is essentially a late Gothic rectangular hall with irregular field stone masonry. The narrower, square west tower has a stone basement and two upper floors made of plastered half-timbering; it ends with a baroque, slate-covered dome from 1786. Inside there are circumferential galleries and a pulpit altar. A rough crucifix is ​​dated 1787.

Soil monuments

Several archaeological monuments are protected in the district of Niewisch.

  • No. 90767 Hallway 4: Deserted German Middle Ages
  • No. 90771 Hallway 4: Bronze Age settlement, Stone Age settlement
  • No. 90773 Corridor 1: German Middle Ages village center, Modern village center, Stone Age settlement
  • No. 90774 Corridors 1 and 4: Prehistory settlement
  • No. 90768 Niewisch Corridor 4, Speichrow Corridor 5: Paleolithic resting and working area, Bronze Age burial ground, Bronze Age settlement, Mesolithic resting and working area
  • No. 90769 Niewisch Corridors 1 and 4, Speichrow, Corridor 5: Neolithic settlement, Bronze Age settlement, Iron Age settlement, resting and work area, Mesolithic era, Slavic Middle Ages settlement
  • No. 90770 Niewisch hall 4, Speichrow hall 5: village center German Middle Ages, village center modern times

natural reserve

There are two nature reserves on the boundary, or extending into the boundary: the Dammühlenfließniederung nature reserve and the Uferwiesen nature reserve near Niewisch .

Leisure and Tourism

Schwielochsee-Camping Niewisch - campsite with holiday park, holiday apartments, guest house, guesthouse

Voigtsmühle - adventure vacation, camping, holiday apartments - www.voigtsmühle.de

supporting documents

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Community and district directory of the state of Brandenburg. Land surveying and geographic base information Brandenburg (LGB), accessed on June 21, 2020.
  2. ^ Lower Sorbian place names - Niewisch / Njewěš. In: dolnoserbski.de , accessed on July 1, 2020.
  3. ↑ a b Main statutes of the city of Friedland from June 4, 2009 (PDF)
  4. ↑ Ernst Eichler: The place names of Niederlausitz. 1st edition. VEB Domowina publishing house, Bautzen 1975, p. 116.
  5. ↑ a b Rudolf Lehmann : Historical local dictionary of Niederlausitz. Volume 1, Hessian State Office for Historical Regional Studies, Marburg 1979, ISBN 3-921254-96-5 , p. 211.
  6. ↑ Topographical-statistical overview of the government district Frankfurth ad O. G. Hayn, Berlin 1820, p. 213.
  7. ↑ Official Gazette of the Royal Prussian Government in Frankfurt ad O. Oeffentlicher Anzeiger as a supplement to No. 32 of the Official Journal, August 8, 1827, p. 234. (online at Google Books)
  8. ↑ Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Frankfurt ad O. Gustav Harnecker's bookstore, Frankfurt a. O. 1844, p. 172. (online at Google Books)
  9. ^ Heinz-Dieter Krausch : The earlier viticulture in Niederlausitz. In: Yearbook for Brandenburg State History. Volume 18, Berlin 1967, pp. 12–57, p. 19. (online at http://edoc.hu-berlin.de) /
  10. ^ Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz. Volume 2, Adolph Müller, Brandenburg 1855, pp. 603, 667. (online at Google Books)
  11. ↑ Topographical-statistical manual of the government district Frankfurt ad O. Verlag von Gustav Harnecker u. Co., Frankfurt ad O. 1867, p. 201. (online at Google Books)
  12. ↑ Official Gazette of the Royal Prussian Government in Frankfurt ad O. Public Gazette No. 6 of February 6, 1861, p. 30. (online at Google Books)
  13. ↑ Contribution to the statistics of the state office for data processing and statistics. Historical municipality register of the state of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. 19.3: District Dahme-Spreewald. (PDF)
  14. ^ Rudolf Lehmann: Studies on the history of the church organization and administration of the Lausitz in the Middle Ages. (= Studies on the history of the Catholic diocese and monastery. Volume 28). St. Benno-Verlag, Leipzig 1986, ISBN 3-7462-0127-6 , p. 25.
  15. ↑ Ev. Friedland-Niewisch parish
  16. ↑ List of monuments of the state of Brandenburg: Landkreis Oder-Spree (PDF) Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum