Reudnitz (Friedland)

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Reudnitz
City of Friedland
Coordinates: 52 ° 7 ′ 52 ″  N , 14 ° 19 ′ 31 ″  E
Height : 57 m above sea level NHN
Area : 8.57 km²
Residents : 115  (Dec. 31, 2010)
Population density : 13 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 2001
Postal code : 15848
Area code : 033676
Reudnitz village church
Reudnitz village church

Reudnitz ( Lower Sorbian Rudnica ) is a district of the city of Friedland in the Oder-Spree district (Brandenburg). In the late Middle Ages, Reudnitz belonged to the Friedland dominion and from the early modern period to the Friedland religious order . Until it was incorporated into the city of Friedland at the end of 2001, Reudnitz was an independent municipality.

geography

Reudnitz is located about 5 kilometers northeast of Friedland and about 7 kilometers southeast of Beeskow. The district borders in the north on Krügersdorf (district of the city of Beeskow), in the east on the Friedland district of Groß Briesen , in the south on Lindow (also a district of Friedland), in the south-west on the urban district of Friedland and in the west on Zeust (district of Friedland). The center is about 57  m above sea level. NHN . The place can be reached via a smaller connecting road from Friedland. Smaller roads lead via Zeust and Krügersdorf to Beeskow. The K6714 continues to Groß Briesen.

The Dammmühlenfließ flows through the Reudnitz district from east to west . In the northern part of the district some ditches also drain into the Dammmühlenfließ. The highest point of the district are the Krumme Berge in the southeastern part of the district. The lowest point of the district is the Dammmühlenfließ in the western part of the district at about 48  m above sea level. NHN .

The Krollshof residential area is located in the Reudnitz district and therefore part of the district.

history

Reudnitz is mentioned for the first time in a document from 1372. The name is derived from sorb. ruda = derived from lawn iron stone. According to the village structure, it was a dead end village.

Ownership history

According to Houwald, Reudnitz belonged to the Friedland rule as early as the 15th century. But that has only been certain since 1518, when the Friedland rule with 14 named villages, including Reudnitz, was sold to the Order of St. John .

In 1499 Niclas von Köckritz, owner of the Friedland estate, died. He not only owned Friedland, but also the rule Schenkendorf near Guben, the rule Lieberose and the rule Lübbenau . This made Niclas von Köckritz the richest landowner in Niederlausitz; from 1490 to 1494 he was also governor of Lower Lusatia. In 1499 the seven sons of Niclas v. Köckritz, Hans, Nickel, Heinrich, Dietrich, Caspar, Lippold and Poppo enfeoffed their father's large property. The rule of Friedland was passed to Caspar v. Köckritz came. In 1518 Caspar v. Köckritz leaving behind four sons, Georg, who is already of age, and the three underage sons Hans, Andreas and Peter v. Kockeritz. Heinrich Tunkel von Bernitzko , then governor of Lower Lusatia, was appointed guardian of the underage sons . Since the Friedland rule was heavily in debt, Heinrich Tunkel von Bernitzko, as guardian of the three brothers who were still underage, sold the Friedland rule to the Order of St. John for 16,750 Rhenish guilders .

The sale was contested and canceled because of the low price. Georg, Hans and Andreas v. Köckritz finally received in 1527 from the then Bohemian King Ferdinand I the lordship of Friedland; Peter had apparently passed away in the meantime. The three brothers v. Köckritz finally sold the Friedland rule to the Order of St. John in 1533, for the somewhat better price of 21,500 thalers.

Reudnitz was now part of the Friedland Order Office until 1811 . The Friedland Ordensamt was drafted in 1811 by the then Saxon King Friedrich August I and converted into a royal Saxon office. After the transition to Prussia in 1815, the office was now called Rentamt Friedland.

Village history

In the 1430s the rifle guild in Beeskow donated the Corpus Christi and the Sebastian altar in the Marienkirche in Beeskow. In 1432 three citizens of the city pledged the interest of ten Hufen in Reudnitz to the Schützengesellschaft for 33 shock 40 groschen of Bohemian coin. This interest amounted to five bushels of wheat and oats, ten lots of pfennigs and ten chickens. This interest was a fief of Johann IV von Biberstein, who gave his consent. If Reudnitz already belonged to the Friedland dominion at that time, Johann IV. Von Biberstein would have also owned the Friedland dominion at that time. In the 16th century, wine was grown near Reudnitz.

In 1642, 11 of 16 houses were not inhabited. For 1665 the following are given: the Lehnschulze (with a 4-hoofed farm), the Krüger with a 2-hoofed farm, a three-hoofed farmer, four 2-hoofed farmers and three single-hoofed farmers as well as three gardeners or Kossaten and three Büdner in Reudnitz. The field marrow of Reudnitz was therefore divided into 20 hooves. A certain Budach in Reudnitz ran the Zeidlerei in the manorial woods and paid an annual thaler, 18 groschen and six pfennigs to the office. The jug or jug ​​with two hooves had been bought before 1665 by Andreas Schumann, a butcher in Beeskow, for 400 thalers and turned into a farm. The desert hooves, for which there was no farmer to cultivate because of the high rent, were now moved to the jug estate, which comprised a total of 16 hooves. "When the field was completely clean, 12 wisps of rye, 4 wisps of barley, 4 wisps of oats, 4 bushels of peas, 2 bushels of heather (heather oats = buckwheat ), 2 bushels of flax and 1 bushel of hemp could be sown." keep four horses, 20 draft oxen, 20 cows, 20 pigs, 15 geese and 60 chickens. In 1661 a cabbage and hops garden was laid out behind the Vorwerk building. The pastor received 16 bushels of rye because of the 16 hooves in the farm. In 1665 there was also a sheep farm. It had been set up on the former farm of a certain Brecka. 500 sheep could be kept here or 100 head cattle could be fed through the winter. The subjects of Reudnitz and Oelsen were responsible for washing the sheep and scissors. The wording: "If the field was completely clean ..." suggests that not all of the arable land had been cleared at that time. The above information: Lehnschulze (with a 4-hoofed farm), Krüger with a 2-hoofed farm, a three-hoofed farmer, four 2-hoofed farmers and three single-hoofed farmers thus reflect the situation before the Thirty Years' War.

In 1623 Otto von Kiekebusch (Kyckpusch), the eldest son of Joachim II von Kiekebusch in Steinsdorf, bought the Lehnschulzengut with four hooves in Reudnitz. After his death, his son Christian Reinhard took over the estate in 1658. He died in 1684. In the 18th century, the von Metzrath family owned the Lehnschulzengut as well as the Vorwerk in Reudnitz and the Vorwerk Weichensdorf.

Reudnitz (with Krollshof) on the Urmes table sheet 3851 Beeskow from 1846

1706 only two farmers, five Kossäts and two Büdner are mentioned who were resident in Reudnitz. The decrease in farm positions is due to the fact that a Vorwerk of the Friedland Order Office in Reudnitz was built before 1700. The Vorwerk is mentioned for the first time in 1706; it was already leased back then. In 1706 the brewery in Friedland was sold on a long lease. The leaseholder, the bailiff Samuel Koch, had the sole right to supply the three villages of Dammendorf, Mixdorf and Dammendorf with beer and brandy. From 1718 there is an indication that four farmers, three cottagers and two cottagers now lived in the village. Compared to the information from 1708, two farmers are now counted among the farmers. In 1723 the social structure of the village is described with four hoppers, one farmer, six kossäters and three Büdners. The Vorwerk also existed. 1763 was a von Diebitsch hereditary tenant of the Reudnitz Vorwerk and the associated Vorwerk in Weichensdorf . In 1776 Johannes Kroll was the hereditary tenant on Reudnitz and Weichensdorf. During his lease, the sheep farm was laid out south of the village; later called Krollshof. In 1809 the population is given as follows: one whole farmer, six whole kossese, two half kossese, three cottagers or Büdner. In 1816 the leasehold works were owned by the District Councilor Hubert. In 1818 Reudnitz is described as a village and leasehold farm. 130 people lived in 16 fireplaces . In 1823 the fiefdom owner, six Kossaten and four Büdner are mentioned. In 1824 the sheep farm near Reudnitz, the Krollshof, burned down; the fire society paid 550 thalers from the fire insurance. In 1837 Ledebur named a councilor Hubert in Reudnitz. In 1840 Reudnitz is described as a village and leasehold farm. The number of residential buildings had risen to 17, while the residential population had fallen to 124 people. In 1846 the bailiff Lehmann bought the two leasehold farms Reudnitz and Weichensdorf for 27,500 thalers and the Lehnschulzengut in Reudnitz for 2,500 thalers. In that year the Lehnschulzengut was also merged with the Vorwerk. In 1849 a pitcher was mentioned in Reudnitz. In 1853 the leasehold farm (Lehnschulzengut and Krollshof) had 2749 acres, the rural community had just 693 acres left. In 1856 Reudnitz had 133 inhabitants, 32 people lived on the Krollshof. In 1864 the place had 17 houses and 151 inhabitants. In 1879 the Vorwerk was owned by the timber merchant Eger. However, it did not have the status of a manor and was therefore not eligible for a circular.

In 1908, 800 acres of the estate were distributed to small hosts . The remnants still had a size of 2000 acres. In 1910 the Reudnitz manor belonged to the banker Carl Cahn in Berlin.

Population development since 1818 (*)

year Residents
1818 130 *
1846 140 *
1867 255
1875 135
1890 185
1900 189 *
1910 194
1925 193
1933 126
1939 137
year Residents
1946 198
1950 220
1964 162
1971 162
1981 117
1985 117
1989 115
1990 123
1991 122
1992 122
year Residents
1993 123
1994 124
1995 121
1996 114
1997 113
1998 115
1999 118
2000 119

Communal and Political History

The place is located in Lower Lusatia and belonged to the Krummspreeischen Kreis in the Saxon period . After Saxony in 1815 a. a. Niederlausitz had to cede to Prussia, the district was renamed to Lübben district ; but the circle essentially retained its boundaries. In 1950 the Lübben district was greatly enlarged during the first district reform in what was then the GDR. Only two years later, the district of Lübben was greatly reduced in size again in the comprehensive district reform. The northern parts of the original Lübben district came to the newly created Beeskow district , including Reudnitz. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, the Beeskow district was renamed the Beeskow district . In the district reform of 5./6. December 1993 in the state of Brandenburg, the Beeskow district was combined with the Fürstenwalde district , the Eisenhüttenstadt-Land district and the Eisenhüttenstadt district to form the Oder-Spree district.

The manor district and the municipality were not united to form a rural municipality until 1929. In the course of the administrative reforms in 1992 in the state of Brandenburg, Reudnitz merged with 15 other municipalities to form the Friedland (Niederlausitz) office . On December 31, 2001, Reudnitz was incorporated into the city of Friedland and has been a district of Friedland ever since. The Friedland (Niederlausitz) office was dissolved on October 26, 2003. In the Reudnitz district, a local advisory board consisting of three members is elected, who elect the local mayor from among their number. The head of the Reudnitz district is currently (2015) Silke Bernhardt.

Church affiliation

When it was first mentioned in 1372, the pastor of the place was mentioned. At that time Reudnitz was the mother church. In later times Reudnitz (so 1818, 1840) was a daughter church of Friedland. Today Reudnitz belongs to the Evangelical parish Beeskow in the parish of Oder-Spree.

Monuments and sights

The list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg for the Oder-Spree district lists a ground monument and an architectural monument for Reudnitz:

  • Ground monument number 90861, hallway 2: the village center of modern times, a settlement from prehistory, the village center of the German Middle Ages
  • Monument no.09115462 Dorfstraße: Village church and tomb with vase in the cemetery. The village church was rebuilt in 1809. The old church was rebuilt in 1664. The tomb dates from 1790.

supporting documents

literature

  • August Hänseler: The Friedland Ordensamt after the Thirty Years War. (Based on the office house book from 1665). In: Niederlausitzer Mitteilungen. Volume 23, Guben 1935, pp. 91-114.
  • Götz Freiherr von Houwald : The Niederlausitz manors and their owners. Volume III: District of Lübben. Degener Verlag, Neustadt an der Aisch 1984, p. 372
  • Heinrich Kaak: Corporate lordship and agricultural innovations in Prussia - the Order of St. John in his New Marks offices 1750-1811. BWV, Berliner Wiss.-Verl., Berlin 2012 (in the following abbreviated Kaak, Korporative Gutsherrschaft with corresponding page number).
  • Rudolf Lehmann : Historical local lexicon for Niederlausitz. Volume 1: Introduction and Overviews. The districts of Luckau, Lübben and Calau. Hessian State Office for Historical Regional Studies, Marburg 1979, ISBN 3-921254-96-5 , p. 180

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Helmut Opitz (editor): Müller's Large German Local Book 2012. Complete local dictionary. 33rd revised and expanded edition, Volume 2: Local directory N – Z. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-027420-2 , online at Google Books
  2. ^ Entry "Rudnica" in the Lower Sorbian place name database on dolnoserbski.de
  3. ^ Siegfried Körner: Place name book of Niederlausitz. Studies on the toponymy of the districts of Beeskow, Calau, Cottbus, Eisenhüttenstadt, Finsterwalde, Forst, Guben, Lübben, Luckau, and Spremberg. Akademie Verlag GmbH, Berlin 1993, p. 243
  4. ^ Klaus Neitmann: Lay world and church in late medieval Beeskow. In: Ekkehard Krüger, Dirk Schumann (ed.): Sankt Marien zu Beeskow. Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-931836-32-0 , at Google Books , pp. 41–73, especially p. 60
  5. ^ Heinz-Dieter Krausch : The earlier viticulture in Niederlausitz. In: Yearbook for Brandenburg State History. Volume 18, Berlin 1967, pp. 12-57, PDF , p. 19
  6. ↑ a b August Häseler: The Friedland Order Office after the Thirty Years' War. In: Niederlausitzer Mitteilungen. Journal of the Lower Lusatian Society for Anthropology and Archeology. Volume 26, Guben 1935, pp. 91-114.
  7. ↑ Kaak, Korporative Gutsherrschaft, p. 69.
  8. ^ Kaak, Korporative Gutsherrschaft, p. 83.
  9. ^ Leopold von Ledebur : Adelslexicon of the Prussian Monarchy . Volume 1: A-K. Verlag von Ludwig Rauh, Berlin 1855, online at Google Books , p. 166
  10. ↑ Kaak, Korporative Gutsherrschaft, p. 107.
  11. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Prussian Government in Frankfurt ad Oder. Born in 1816, No. 22 of May 29, 1816, online at Google Books , p. 247
  12. ↑ a b Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Frankfurth ad O. G. Hayn, Berlin 1820, p. 219
  13. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Prussian Government in Frankfurt ad Oder. Born in 1825, No. 1 of January 5, 1825, online at Google Books , p. 12
  14. ^ Leopold von Ledebur : The Royal Museum of Patriotic Antiquities in the Monbijou Castle in Berlin. Printing house d. Kgl. Adad. d. Wiss., Berlin 1838, online at Google Books , p. 72
  15. ↑ Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Frankfurt ad O. Gustav Harnecker's bookstore, Frankfurt a. Cit. 1844, online at Google Books , p. 173
  16. ^ A b c Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz in the middle of the 19th century; or geographical-historical-statistical description of the Province of Brandenburg, at the instigation of the State Minister and Upper President Flottwell. Third volume. Printed and published by Adolph Müller, Brandenburg 1856, online at Google Books , pp. 655, 657–658
  17. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Potsdam and the City of Berlin. Second supplement to Part 13 of March 30, 1849, online at Google Books , p. 8
  18. ^ Güthlein: Topographical overview of the appellate court department Frankfurt a / O. Gustav Harnecker & Co., Frankfurt a / O. 1856, online at Google Books , p. 88.
  19. ↑ Statistical Bureau of the Royal Government of Frankfurt a. O .: Topographical-statistical manual of the government district of Frankfurt a. O. Verlag von Gustav Harnecker u. Co., Frankfurt a. Cit. 1867, online at Google Books , p. 202
  20. ↑ P. Ellerholz, H. Lodemann, H. von Wedell: General address book of the manor and estate owners in the German Empire. I. Kingdom of Prussia. I. Delivery to the province of Brandenburg. Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung R. Stricker, Berlin 1879, PDF , pp. 238–239
  21. ^ Märkische country houses of the Berlin bourgeoisie: Website of Hermann Aurich
  22. ↑ Contribution to statistics. State Office for Data Processing State of Brandenburg Statistics. Historical municipality register of the state of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005 19.9 District Oder-Spree PDF
  23. ^ Lehmann, Historisches Ortslexikon Niederlausitz, pp. 217–218.
  24. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population. II. Province of Brandenburg. Publishing house of the Royal Statistical Bureau, Berlin 1873, online at Google Books , p. 196
  25. ↑ List of monuments of the state of Brandenburg: Landkreis Oder-Spree (PDF) Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum

Web links

Commons : Reudnitz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files