Dominion Lieberose

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The lordship of Lieberose , previously Lieberose , was an aristocratic lordship based in the town of Lieberose in today's Dahme-Spreewald district ( Brandenburg ). The castle and town of Lieberose were owned by the sovereign until the beginning of the 14th century. The rule probably came into being in the second half of the 14th or first half of the 15th century. The extent of the rule varies in earlier descriptions, as parts of the rule (the actual Lieberose rule) was an afterfief of the von Sternberg family , while other parts that were acquired later were not. The estate came into the possession of the von der family in 1519Schulenburg , which was able to maintain the core ownership until 1943.

Lieberose Castle (2009)
Coat of arms of the city of Lieberose

history

To cover the crossroads between Frankfurt (Oder) - Bautzen and Leipzig - Posen , a sovereign moated castle was built in the 13th century, and a Wendish settlement was formed to protect it. The settlement was first mentioned in 1272, albeit only indirectly, when a dominus Bertholdus de Luberase appears as a witness in a document in which Bernhard and Reinhard von Strehla specified the soft image of Beeskow . The position of the dominus Bertholdus de Luberase, local priest or margravial castle man is unclear. In 1295 the civitas Luberas is called, in 1302 it is called oppidum sive civitas Lubraz . In this document, the Wettin Margrave Dietrich IV confirms her previous privileges and gives her new rights such as freedom from customs duties. Whether the city once belonged to the Lords of Strele or Strehla in its early days because the Lieberose coat of arms contains a scythe, the coat of arms of the Lords of Strele shows three horizontal silver scythe blades on a red background, is not documented.

14th Century

In the further course of the 14th century, Lieberose was first in the possession of pawns, later in hereditary possession of Friedhelm von der Dahme. In 1361 he sold Lieberose to Heinrich von Kittlitz . In 1366 this is expressly titled as dominus in Lieberose. In 1371 the rule was acquired by Emperor Charles IV . In 1392/93 the castle and town of Lieberose were owned by Anshelm von Ronow, who was governor of Lower Lusatia from 1380 to 1386 .

15th century

In 1411 the Lieberose dominion was bought by the Burgraves of Dohna . Even before 1437, after Rudolf Lehmann, Bartusch and Bogusch von Wesenburg are said to have come into the possession of the lords of Schenkendorf and Lieberose. In 1449 Reinhard von Kottbus is then in possession of the rule. He died in 1475 without an heir, so that the rule fell to the then lords of Niederlausitz, the Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus . After that there was a dispute over rule. King Matthias had promised Botho von Ileburg in 1469 a pledge of the Lieberose rule and in 1475 also certified it to him. In 1477 he appears in a Beeskow document as Herr von Lieberose. However, Jaroslaw von Sternberg claimed to have older rights to the rule. He finally prevailed in 1477 and was recognized as a feudal lord . The Lieberose dominion remained Sternberg's fiefdom until 1848. It was also recognized by the then Saxon Elector when Lower Lusatia passed to Saxony. After 1475, Caspar von Kracht on Neu Zauche came into the possession of Lieberose, who sold the estate to Nickel von Köckritz in 1485 . Nickel von Köckritz was bailiff in Lower Lusatia from 1490 to 1494. As early as 1484 he had acquired the dominions of Friedland and Schenkendorf, and in 1496 Lübbenau and Drebkau.

16th Century

In 1499 his sons Hans, Nickel, Heinrich, Dietrich, Caspar, Leupold / Lippold and Poppo von Köckritz were enfeoffed together with the goods inherited from their father. However, they had to sell the lordship of Lübbenau and Schenkendorf as early as 1505 . Apparently, in 1505 Caspar became the sole owner of Lieberose. In 1519 Caspar died and the guardian of his underage sons, Hans von Lidlau sold the Lieberose estate for 16,000 guilders to Jacob (I) and Richard (II.) Von der Schulenburg. The father of the two, Werner (XI.) Von der Schulenburg , who had been based in Pomerania and the Uckermark, had already bought the Lübbenau and Neu Zauche lords in 1505 . Jacob I. von der Schulenburg took over Lübbenau, Richard (Reichard) II. Von der Schulenburg took over Lieberose.

According to the deed of purchase from 1519, when the Lieberose rule was sold by the von Köckritz to the von Schulenburg, the rule included:

The village of Siegadel was not actually part of the Lieberose rule, i.e. after fiefs of von Sternberg, but was again separated from the rule and given to Jacob I to his rule Lübbenau. But even in this rule it was always treated separately.

After Richard II's death in 1536, his son Joachim II inherited the Lieberose rule. He was called "the rich" and was one of the richest men in Lower Lusatia. In 1560 he inherited the lordship of Lübbenau and Neu Zauche and the village of Siegadel from his cousin Georg (V), son of Jacob I von der Schulenburg. In 1565 he was given the right of first refusal to rule Straupitz , which was then owned by the Burgraves of Dohna . In 1578 he was able to actually use the right of first refusal to rule Straupitz and acquire the rule. In Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania he also owned the lords of Löcknitz and Penkun . Before 1574 he bought Möllen . Joachim II had the castle in Lieberose expanded. The town church Lieberose received a choir in the Renaissance style , which was executed by the Italian master builder Thaddäus Paglion (Taddeo Paglione). Joachim II died in 1594; his epitaph is in the Protestant country church of Lieberose. It used to be in Lieberose's town church (now in ruins).

His son Richard III inherited the large estate. However, it now turned out that the property was heavily in debt. Richard sold the remote Löcknitz estate and in 1597 bought the so-called Zickoic estates ( Niewisch , Pieskow and Speichrow ) for 11,200 thalers. Siegmund von Zieckau bought the so-called Zickoic goods from Neuzelle Abbey in 1577. In return for a loan of 10,000 thalers, Joachim had already received entitlement to the so-called Lamsfeld property from the emperor and king of Bohemia. In 1597 he acquired the Terpt estate from Georg and Heinrich von Miehlen . In the same year he acquired grain and oat leases in Hindenberg from the city of Luckau . Richard III died on November 25, 1600. von der Schulenburg on the hunt in Pieskow. Around or after 1600, the Trebitz manor was acquired by von Zabeltitz, an after-fief of the Neuzelle monastery . It could therefore have been acquired by Richard or by his son Joachim VII.

17th century

His son Joachim VII, who received the loan letter for all inherited goods in Lower Lusatia on February 27, 1601, became heir to the huge property. He also had a stake in Beetzendorf . In order to reduce the debt, he soon sold the stake in Beetzendorf. He sold the Straupitz rule in 1615 75,000 thalers to the chief tax collector and regional court assessor Georg von Wallwitz. The Penkun manor and manor were sold to District Administrator Henning von der Osten in the same year. Joachim was married in his first marriage to Sidonia von Kittlitz and after her death to Maria Hedwig Countess of Dohna. In 1619 Joachim VII von der Schulenburg died. At first his widow took over the property. The debts had risen further, so that the creditors let the Lordship Lübbenau and Neu-Zauche cede. In 1621 Elisabeth von Distelmaier, the widow of Johann Casimir von Lynar, bought the Lübbenau estate; the rule of Lübbenau thus came into the possession of the family von Lynar. In 1623 the reign of Neu Zauche went to the Job of Bredow. After the death of Hans von der Zauche († 1622), however, the so-called Lamsfeld property ( Lamsfeld , Jamlitz , Jessern and Staakow ) were added to the Schulenburg possessions. She married David Heinrich von Tschirnhausen in her second marriage. In 1643 Maria Hedwig Countess von Dohna ceded the property to her son Heinrich Joachim von der Schulenburg . In 1644 he was raised to the status of imperial baron. In 1648 Abbot Bernhard Freiherr von Schrattenbach sold the estate and village of Trebitz, which the von der Schulenburg had as a fiefdom from the Neuzelle Monastery , with the annulment of the feudal relationship for 500 thalers and 500 bushels of grain of Lieberoser measure to Heinrich Joachim von der Schulenburg for a free allod (own property) . Trebitz was connected with the Lieberose rule in personal union, but did not belong to the actual rule, i. H. to the Sternberg fiefdom. In 1648 the Lamsfeld estates were also converted from a man fief to an allod and inheritance. Heinrich Joachim became bailiff of Lower Lusatia in 1654, an office that he held until this office was dissolved in 1665. In his will of 1665 Heinrich Joachim von der Schulenburg formed a majorate , according to which the Lieberose rule included the villages of Behlow, Münchhofe with Klein Liebitz, Schadow, Doberburg, Blasdorf, Goschen, Pinnow, Zaue and Möllen (but not Siegadel and Glowe). The Ziecko estates ( Niewisch , Pieskow and Speichrow ), the Lamsfeld estates ( Lamsfeld , Jamlitz, Jessern and Staakow ), Siegadel and Trebitz also belonged to this majority .

In 1665 Heinrich Joachim died without a physical heir and the property fell to Achaz II von der Schulenburg on Beetzendorf in the Altmark, who at the time was governor of the Altmark and privy councilor of Brandenburg. In 1667 he was raised to the status of imperial baron. According to the state parliament order of 1669, the Lieberose rule had a seat and vote in the gentlemen's curia of the Lower Lusatian Estates Assembly. Of Achaz's three sons, Levin Joachim, Achaz and Hans Georg, Achaz died before his father. Achaz (II.) Died on June 25, 1680 in Beetzendorf. In 1681 Levin Joachim was enfeoffed with Lieberose, but he died childless in 1694. Now the youngest son Hans Georg II took over the inheritance. He was a Danish major general and had won awards in the war against Sweden. In 1684 he was awarded the Dannebrogden .

18th century

Grave cross of Friedrich Ferdinand Bernhard Achaz von der Schulenburg on the municipal cemetery in Lieberose (left grave cross)

Hans Georg von der Schulenburg died on May 19, 1715 in Lieberose. He was with Renate von der Schulenburg, daughter of Dietrich Hermann von der Schulenburg, with whom he had eleven children, but most of them died young. Heir was his only surviving son Georg Anton. In 1716 he received the loan letter from the Sternberg Fief Curia in Prague. Georg Anton was very active in increasing his property. So he bought the following allodial properties:

In 1755 the Lieberose estate had 2,366 inhabitants. In 1734 he was raised to the rank of count, in 1749 he was electoral Brandenburg chief hunter master. Georg Anton expanded the castle in Lieberose. His marriage to the Marquise le Roy de Valanglart remained childless. In 1774 the Sternberg official inspected the Sternberg part of the Lieberose estate. At that time, the Sternberg share included: Lieberose, Behlow, Blasdorf, Doberburg, Goschen, Klein Liebitz, Münchhofe, Möllen, Pinnow, Schadow and Zaue. After the death of Georg Anton on December 6th, 1778 there was a bitter inheritance dispute. Georg Anton married the allodial goods to the children of his sister Sofie Henriette. Bequeathed to Countess von Podewils . The dispute arose over the question of what allod and what belonged to the Lieberose rule or to the majorate. The dispute finally ended in a settlement in 1781. The rule of Groß Leuthen went to the family of the Counts von Podewils, while the rule of Lieberose remained with the von der Schulenburg family. But now a new legal dispute began among the cousins ​​of the von der Schulenburg who were entitled to inherit, which was finally decided in 1787 in favor of the eldest of the cousins ​​Johann Heinrich from the Tuchheim line. Johann Heinrich von der Schulenburg was a Danish lieutenant general. He took possession of the Lieberose estate in 1787. His marriage to Friederike Luise Countess Knut remained childless and after his death in 1791 his youngest brother Achaz Albrecht Ludwig's son, Dietrich Ernst Otto Albrecht, inherited the Lieberose estate. In 1797 he also bought Mochlitz .

19th century

Lieberose Castle approx. Mid-19th century (Dunker collection)

Dietrich Ernst Otto Albrecht von der Schulenburg (1756–1831) struggled with financial problems. In 1806 he therefore sold the rule to his younger brother Friedrich Ferdinand Bernhard Achaz (1772–1847). This was raised to the hereditary Prussian count status in 1816. In 1824 the civil jurisdiction was abolished and jurisdiction in the rulership was transferred to the Lieberose court office. In 1834 the count applied for the transfer of civil jurisdiction back and received it back in 1836, despite opposition from the Ministry of Justice. Friedrich Ferdinand von der Schulenburg died in 1847. His grave is in the cemetery in Lieberose. Heir was his son Friedrich Albrecht (1801–1869). In 1849 civil jurisdiction was transferred to the Lieberose district court. The patrimonial jurisdiction in the manor district, which was created from the castle and its outbuildings , was retained. In 1853 the manor district still included the castle and five Vorwerk (Vorwerk am Schloss, Damme, Hollbrunn, Jamlitz and Klein Liebitz), the severance land, the lakes and ponds, the forests (over 40,000 acres alone ) and the combined manors Lamsfeld and Trebitz from a total of 55,598 Tomorrow land. According to the topographical-statistical manual of the government district of Frankfurt a. O. from 1864, the Lieberose registry comprised the following places (here the Lieberose estate, the Zieckoschen and Lamsfeldschen estates, Siegadel and Trebitz were no longer separated after the actual lordship, but Lamsfeld was listed as a separate manor):

  • Behlow
  • Blasdorf
  • Doberburg ( Dobberbuss with a watermill near the village) and Bahrold (establishment and watermill = Baroldmühle ), Friedrichshöhe ( forest warden establishment ) and Siehenshof ( establishment ; no longer exists)
  • Goschen ( Goschzschen )
  • Jamlitz (sheep farm, Vorwerk, three water mills, a fisherman's house on Raduschsee and three farmsteads), also Elisabethhütte (glassworks)
  • Jessern with Hoffnungsbai ( filing establishment with 1 lime kiln ) and Neubrück ( establishment )
  • Klein Liebitz (with a sheep farm) and the Heideschänke ( bar establishment in the Lieberoser Forst ; no longer exists)
  • Möllen (with a water mill and a windmill near the village) and Elisenruh ( establishment ; no longer exists)
  • Münchehofe
  • Niewisch with Voigtsmühle (water mill)
  • Pieskow with Annenhof ( establishment ; no longer exists)
  • Pinnow (with a windmill and two developed farmsteads near the village, an establishment, formerly a tar stove) and Eichhorst (forest establishment)
  • Schadow
  • Speicherrow
  • Siegadel ( Syckadel ) (with a water mill and a windmill near the village)
  • Staakow
  • Zaue (with a brickyard)

Friedrich Albrecht von der Schulenburg died in 1869. He was followed by his son Dietrich Friedrich Joachim Graf von der Schulenburg (1849–1911).

20th century

In 1910, 11,610 hectares of land belonged to the Lieberose rulership or manor district, including 9,221 hectares of forest. Dietrich von der Schulenburg died in 1911. His younger brother Otto (1857–1945) became heir. In 1929 this manor district was united with the city of Lieberose. As a result of the law on the abolition of the class privileges of the nobility and the dissolution of household property, the Fideikommiss Free Class Authority Lieberose was dissolved in 1929 and converted into a forest foundation. This form was permitted by law to hold larger forest holdings in one hand. In 1943, the Schulenburg family was expropriated in order to create a military training area on the associated forest areas . The last owners were Count Otto, who died in 1945, and his son Count Albrecht Friedrich von der Schulenburg.

supporting documents

literature

  • Friedrich Beck , Lieselott Enders , Heinz Braun (with the assistance of Margot Beck, Barbara Merker): Authorities and institutions in the territories of Kurmark, Neumark, Niederlausitz until 1808/16. Böhlau, Weimar 1964 (overview of the holdings of the Brandenburg State Main Archive Potsdam, Part 1, Series of publications: Publications of the Brandenburg State Main Archive Volume 4), ISSN  0435-5946 ; 4
  • Johann Friedrich Danneil : The sex of the von der Schulenburg, volume 2. Commissioned by JD Schmidt, Salzwedel 1847 Online at Google Books (in the following abbreviated to Danneil, the sex of the von der Schulenburg, 2, with the corresponding page number)
  • Götz Freiherr von Houwald : The Niederlausitz manors and their owners. Volume III: District of Lübben. Verlag Degener & Co., owner Gerhard Gessner, Neustadt an der Aisch 1984, ISBN 3-7686-4109-0 , p. 156 ff.
  • Alexander Kessler: City and rule Lieberose / Niederlausitz in the 17th and 18th centuries: everyday life in the manor. BWV, Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-8305-0321-0 .
  • Rudolf Lehmann : Historical local lexicon of Niederlausitz. Volume 2, Hessisches Landesamt für Geschichtliche Landeskunde, Marburg 1979, ISBN 3-921254-96-5 , pp. 195-196. (hereinafter also Lehmann, historical local dictionary with corresponding page number)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Rudolf Lehmann: The gentlemen in the Niederlausitz. Studies of origin and history. Böhlau, Cologne 1966 (= Central German Research, Volume 40), snippets from Google Books (p. 66)
  2. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel: Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis: Collection of documents, chronicles and other source documents. Part 1 (A) Vol. 20. Reimer, Berlin 1861 Online at Google Books (p. 433)
  3. ^ Woldemar Lippert: Document book of the city of Lübben. III. Volume: The documents of the city and the office of Lübben, the gentlemen Zauche, Pretschen and Leuthen. Dresden, publishing house of Wilhelm and Bertha v. Baensch Foundation 1933 (p. 214)
  4. ↑ a b Danneil, Gender of the von der Schulenburg, 2, pp. 292–293, Jacob I.
  5. ^ Danneil, Gender of the von der Schulenburg, 2, p. 109ff., Werner XI.
  6. ^ Danneil, Gender of the von der Schulenburg, 2, pp. 293–294, Richard II.
  7. ↑ Danneil, Family of von der Schulenburg, 2, p. 294ff., Joachim II.
  8. ↑ Danneil, Family of von der Schulenburg, 2, p. 293, Georg V.
  9. ↑ Lehmann, Historisches Ortslexikon, 1, pp. 207–208.
  10. ↑ Georg Dehio (editor Gerhard Vinken and others): Handbook of German Art Monuments. Brandenburg. Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2000, ISBN 3-422-03054-9
  11. ^ Danneil, Gender of the von der Schulenburg, 2, p. 298ff., Richard III.
  12. ↑ Danneil, Gender of the von der Schulenburg, 2, p. 299, Joachim VII.
  13. ↑ Manor houses and castles in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania: Penkun Castle
  14. ↑ Danneil, Gender of the von der Schulenburg, 2, p. 301, Heinrich Joachim
  15. ↑ a b Danneil, Gender of the von der Schulenburg, 2, pp. 231–234, Achaz II.
  16. ↑ Winfried Töpler: The Neuzelle Monastery and the secular and spiritual powers 1268-1817. Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-931836-53-3 ( limited preview in Google book search)
  17. ↑ Danneil, Gender of the von der Schulenburg, 2, p. 240, Levin Joachim
  18. ↑ a b Danneil, family of von der Schulenburg, 2, p. 243, Hans Georg II.
  19. ↑ Danneil, Gender of the von der Schulenburg, 2, p. 245, Georg Anton
  20. ^ Danneil, von der Schulenburg family, 2, p. 207, Johann Heinrich
  21. ^ Danneil, Gender of the von der Schulenburg, 2, p. 214, Dietrich Ernst Otto Albrecht
  22. ^ Danneil, von der Schulenburg family, 2, p. 215, Friedrich Ferdinand Bernhard Achaz
  23. ↑ Statistical Bureau of the Royal Government of Frankfurt a. O .: Topographical-statistical manual of the government district of Frankfurt a. O. Verlag von Gustav Harnecker u. Co., Frankfurt a. O. 1867