Office New Zauche

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Neu Zauche manor house

The Amt Neu Zauche , before 1674 Herrschaft Neu Zauche , in older documents mostly only called Herrschaft Zauche (but not to be confused with the Silesian Herrschaft Zauche near Breslau ), was a small aristocratic rule based in Neu Zauche (in today's Dahme-Spreewald district , State of Brandenburg ). It becomes documented at the beginning of the 14th century. After several changes of ownership, it was foreclosed in 1674 and was sold for 30,000 thalers to the then sovereign of Lower Lusatia, Duke Christian I of Saxony-Merseburg , who converted it into a sovereign office. The Neu Zauche Office was administered together with the Lübben Office in Lübben, but was always managed separately. The Neu Zauche office was renamed to Rentamt Neu Zauche by 1811 at the latest ; it was dissolved in 1874.

New Zauche on the original measuring table sheet 4050 Straupitz from 1846 with sheep farm, sub- forestry , windmills and winegrower's house

history

According to Götz Freiherr von Houwald , the places Alt Zauche and Neu Zauche were named after the sex of von der Zauche, and not the other way around as Rudolf Lehmann assumes. He explains that the meaning of the Slavic name Zauche = arid, dry land does not apply to the field marks of the two Zauche locations, which are crossed by numerous water arms of the Spree. The certainly older settlement of Alt Zauche also retained its old Slavic name Stara Njewa (= Old New) until the late Middle Ages . Accordingly, the sex of the Zauche would be in the 12th / 13th. Century came from the landscape of Zauche in the Spreewald and would have established the place Neu Zauche, the German settlement with the knight's seat and given the place its name, while the place Alt Zauche already existed and was only gradually called Alt Zauche in the course of the late Middle Ages. Another presumed founding of this family is Zauche in the former Luckau district , today part of the municipality of Kasel-Golzig in the Dahme-Spreewald district. There is no documentary evidence of this assumption, as the von der Zauche family was first mentioned in documents in connection with the Zauche rule in 1347. In contrast, the gender in Niederlausitz is documented as early as the end of the 12th century.

14th and 15th centuries

On February 22, 1347, Hans , Fritz , Rudolph and Berchd , the sons of Hentze received from the breeding of Ludwig I, "the Brandenburger" , the Margrave of Brandenburg and Lusatia the feudal letter over the court to the breeding with all accessories, such as the villages of Zuche (= Neu Zauche), Wozwirch (= Wußwerk ), the Alte Niewe (= Alt Zauche), Kamenig (= Caminchen ) and Sacrow as well as the forest that belonged to Neu Zauche and that extended to the right arm of the Spree enough, and the Werder Weledstow (= wave rope) as Hentze had already owned from breeding. The further ownership history is initially not documented.

In 1420 the brothers Konrad, Joachim, Johann, Dietrich and Heinrich von Ihlow owned a quarter of the Neu Zauche estate, according to the feudal letter of April 25, 1420. In 1422 a Hans von der Zauche was (again) the owner of the small estate. He committed himself to (military) aid for Archbishop Günther (II.) Of Magdeburg, whom Emperor Sigismund had designated as patron of Lusatia. In 1425 Hans von der Zauche was still the owner of the estate. In 1439 six von der Zauche brothers, Heinrich, Hans, Friedrich, Titze, Günther and Caspar lent 300 Rhenish guilders to the Brandenburg margrave Friedrich II . Since he could not repay the von der Zauche brothers, the brothers Albrecht and Heinze von Kracht took over the repayment of the 300 guilders. In 1439 the six von der Zauche brothers sold the Zauche rule to the (later) Mark Brandenburg Chancellor Heinze von Kracht. This was enfeoffed on October 7, 1439 with Neu Zauche, Wußwerk, Alt Zauche, Radensdorf, Caminchen, Sacro, Waldow, Briesen and Goyatz . Heinze of certain Kracht 1454 the village Strega north of Forst (today Strzegów (Gubin) in Poland) for jointure his wife Anna. Heinze von Kracht seems to have sold the Zauche estate again soon afterwards, because in 1477 it was already owned by Hans von Clumen (Chlumen or Klumen), who was governor of the Lower Lusatia that year. In 1480 Hans von Clumen appears in the gentlemen's curia of the Lower Lusatian Estates Assembly. In 1484 Hans von Clumen, his wife Beate and his sons Hans, Georg and Siegmund lived on the knight's seat in Neu Zauche. That year they pledged the village of Goyatz to the brothers Bernthe, Liborius, Hans and Erasmus von Beuden (Bewdin) on Lamsfeld .

16th and 17th centuries

In 1500 Siegmund von Chlomme issued a confirmation that he owed the council of Lübben and the altarist Valentin Gast at the altar Annunciatae in the main church in Luckau 50 guilders. It was probably also this Siegmund who sold the Neu Zauche estate to Werner von der Schulenburg in 1505 . In this document, the Neu Zauche estate is referred to as a rulership for the first time. In the same year Werner von der Schulenburg was also able to acquire the rule of Lübbenau in Niederlausitz. Werner died in 1515; his two sons Jacob (I.) and Reichard / Richard (I.) inherited the extensive property. In 1519, the von der Schulenburg brothers also acquired the Lieberose estate in addition to their Lower Lusatian property. In 1527 they were enfeoffed with the lordship of Neu Zauche among the many other estates acquired by their father. Apparently Jacob took over the rule of Lübbenau and Neu Zauche, Reichard the rule of Lieberose. Jacob I probably died in 1541, because on November 25, 1541 his son Georg V received his father's property in fiefdom, consisting of the town and castle of Lübbenau with stossdorf (now devastated near Luckau), Stennewitz , Kleeden , Zerkwitz , Krimnitz , Ragow , Hindenberg , Boblitz , Raddusch , Kahnsdorf , Naundorf , Lehde , Leipe , Koßwig , Groß Klessow , Lugk , Schönfeld , Boschwitz (devastated Vorwerk) and Siegadel , and Neu Zauche Castle with Wußwerk, Alt Zauche, Radensdorf, Briesen, Sacrow, Waldow, Goyatz and Caminchen. On April 12, 1543, Georg made his wife Elisabeth Pflugin (von Pflugk) 's castle and Gut Neu Zauche a personal treasure. In the event of her remarriage, she was to be compensated by his liege successor with 8,000 guilders. Georg died in 1560 without a physical heir and his property fell to his cousin Joachim II von der Schulenburg, the son of Richard I. Joachim II, also known as "the rich", was considered one of the richest men in Germany. In 1565 he received the right of first refusal on the Straupitz rule , which at that time was still owned by the Burgraves of Dohna . He was actually able to use the right of first refusal to rule Straupitz in 1578 and acquire the rule. In Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania he also owned the lords of Löcknitz and Penkun . In 1592 (or was it not until 1600 under his son Richard?) The manor Trebitz was acquired by von Zabeltitz, an after-fief of the Neuzelle monastery . Joachim II died in 1594; he was followed by his son Richard III. The property was heavily in debt, so Richard sold the remote Löcknitz estate and in 1597 bought the so-called Zicko (i) estates ( Niewisch , Pieskow and Speichrow ) for 11,200 thalers. Siegmund von Zieckau had bought the so-called Zicko (i) property from Neuzelle Abbey in 1577 . In return for a loan of 10,000 thalers, Richard III. from the Brandenburg Elector Johann Georg also the entitlement to the so-called Lamsfeldschen property ( Lamsfeld , Jessern , Jamlitz and Staakow ). In 1597 he finally acquired the Terpt estate from Georg and Heinrich von Miehlen and leaseholds of corn and oats in Hindenberg from the city of Luckau . Richard III died on November 25, 1600. von der Schulenburg surprisingly hunting in Pieskow.

His son Joachim VII inherited the property, which was huge for the time, and on February 27, 1601, he received the feudal letter for all goods inherited from his father in Niederlausitz. He also owned a stake in Beetzendorf , which was sold soon after. In order to reduce the debt, in 1615 he sold the Straupitz rule for 75,000 thalers to the chief tax collector and regional court assessor Georg von Wallwitz. The Penkun manor and manor were sold to District Administrator Henning von der Osten in the same year . In 1619 Joachim VII von der Schulenburg died. At first his widow took over the property. The debts were far from being settled, so that the creditors let the lords of Lübbenau and Neu-Zauche cede them. In 1621 Elisabeth von Distelmaier, the widow of Johann Casimir zu Lynar, bought the rule of Lübbenau; the rule Lübbenau thus came into the possession of the Lynar family . On February 28, 1623, the rule of Neu Zauche with the villages of Wußwerk, Alt Zauche, Radensdorf, Briesen, Sacro, Waldow, Caminchen and Goyatz passed to the state elder of Niederlausitz Jobst von Bredow. In addition to the reign of Neu Zauche, he had also bought the Groß Lübbenau estate for 13,000 thalers and sold it to Ulrich von Woltersdorf on Bornsdorf for the same price . He also owned the Rheinsberg rule in the Ruppin region. He was married to Katharina von Arnim. Jobst von Bredow died on February 26, 1626, his figurative epitaph is in the church in Neu Zauche .

Heir to the reign of Neu Zauche was Jobst's son Achim von Bredow, who in 1630 received the feudal letter over the reign of Neu Zauche. Another heir was Jobst's wife and Achim's mother, Katharina von Arnim. Jobst von Bredow owed the Schulenburg creditors part of the purchase price of Groß Lübbenau. The creditors then held on to Ulrich von Woltersdorf, who in turn demanded the purchase price from the von Bredow heirs. The Bredow heirs could not raise the remaining amount of 6,600 thalers and therefore pledged the Neu Zauche estate to Ulrich von Wolfersdorf. In 1643 Achim had to get a loan of 1000 thalers from Anna Margarethe von Promnitz, b. Take in Freiin von Putbus in order to avoid the threatened execution by the creditors. But even that was not enough to get the debt under control. In 1651 he sold the Neu Zauche estate for 42,000 thalers to his brother-in-law Ulrich von Wolfersdorf; he was married to his sister. However, he reserved a repurchase right for Alt Zauche and Briesen; the (re) purchase price should be 7,500 thalers. In addition, Ulrich von Wolfersdorf left Achim von Bredow's share of the Golßen reign acquired from the von Stutterheim brothers . Achim von Bredow was married to Anna Catharina von Wolfersdorf, the daughter of Ulrich von Wolfersdorf, so basically by marriage to him twice. In 1661 there was still a dispute between the two, which was initially fought in front of the Oberamt in Lübben, then via the regional court in Lübben and finally at the higher court in Berlin. The reason for the dispute was the death of Achim von Bredow's sister and Ulrich von Wolfersdorf's wife. Achim's sister had received a substantial amount as an inheritance from the sale of the Neu Zauche estate. The marriage had remained without children, and therefore Achim von Bredow demanded part of the inheritance back. Ulrich von Wolfersdorf had kept his wife's inheritance completely to himself. Ultimately, Ulrich von Wulfersdorf granted his brother-in-law and son-in-law Achim von Bredow 4,000 thalers, which, however, were only part of the Neu Zauche rulership and paid interest against the usual interest rate. He also wanted to pay Achim's son, his grandson who wanted to go to university, 100 guilders for two years. He also pledged the villages of Briesen and Radensdorf to Achim because of the claims of his daughter, Achim's wife, in the amount of 2,840 guilders and 60 guilders. He had to use the reign of Neu Zauche as a pledge for a further capital debt of 8,500 thalers. In 1661 his brother-in-law Joachim Friedrich von Burgsdorf loaned him 2000 thalers; for this he had to pledge the village of Goyatz to him for six years.

On September 8, 1665, Lieutenant Colonel Ulrich von Wolfersdorf died. On September 17, 1666, his sons Jan Ulrich and his stepbrother Ulrich Gottfried received the feudal letter for the inherited property. In the fraternal division of the inheritance, the Bornsdorf property fell to Jan Ulrich and the reign of Neu Zauche to Ulrich Gottfried. He first studied in Wittenberg, was then in the Danish military service and was finally named Oberwachtmeister in 1692. Despite the usual name Herrschaft Neu Zauche , its owner did not have a seat in the gentleman's curia of the Lower Lusatian Estates Assembly, according to the Landtag order of 1669, but was "only" represented in the knight's curia. In 1674 the rulership of Neu Zauche was foreclosed and was sold to the then sovereign Duke Christian I of Saxony-Merseburg for 30,000 thalers . The rulership of Neu Zauche had an estimate of 9,000 thalers .

The Neu Zauche Office

Duke Christian I converted the rule into an office. This office appears to have initially been leased. The tenant Christian Ehrenreich Kotten complained in 1695 that the official buildings were all in poor condition. He was followed in 1699 by the previous owner of the Neu Zauche estate, Ulrich Gottfried von Wolfersdorf. The lease contract initially ran for nine and a half years. The tenant had to provide a deposit of 20,000 guilders and the annual rent was 2,100 guilders. Ulrich Gottfried von Wolfersdorf received the title of governor. Apparently the lease was also extended. In 1718 von Wolfersdorf wanted to cede his lease right to Hans Christoph von Löben, but the Neu Zauche office was pledged to Albrecht Schenk Freiherr von Landsberg for 25,000 thalers in 1718. The pledge was valid until a debt of 50,000 thalers from the rent chamber of the government of Duke Moritz Wilhelm was paid off. Around 1725 Abraham Schimkönig was tenant of the New Zauche office. Around 1800 Johann Gottlob Wachs was the bailiff of the Neu Zauche office. At this time he bought the castle property. He rebuilt the Lübben Castle and raised it by one floor. He bought four farms and ended up owning 700 acres . He set up a distillery and a brewery. This was particularly lucrative, as all of the jugs in the office, with the exception of the hereditary jugs, had to get their beer from the Wachsschen brewery. In 1880 the compulsory brewing or beer compulsory fell and the Wach family's brewery and distillery had to be closed. Presumably, which until 1810 outworks of the Office leased or sold, because from about 1811 the Office Neu Zauche called Rentamt, d. H. the office or the bailiff no longer managed the works themselves, but was only responsible for collecting pensions.

Associated places

The following places and living spaces belonged to the Neu Zauche office or rent office around 1820

  • Briesen, Dorf and Vorwerk , today Briesensee
  • Burglehn ( Vorwerk zu Alt Zauche )
  • Caminchen ( village )
  • Caminchener Pechofen, Pechofen , today Pechhütte residential area in the Caminchen district
  • Goyatz ( village )
  • Radensdorf ( village )
  • Sacrow ( village and Vorwerk )
  • Waldow ( village and Vorwerk )
  • Waldoer Mühle, watermill (building complex Waldower Dorfstrasse 18)
  • Wußwerk ( Wußwergk, village )
  • Alt Zauche ( village )
  • Alt Zaucher Unterförsterei (1844: Försterei Schützenhaus), today living space forester's house Schützenhaus in the Alt Zauche district of the Alt Zauche-Wußwerk community
  • Alt Zaucher Mühlen, water and windmill , today Wohlplatz Alt Zaucher Mühle
  • New Zauche ( village )
  • New Zaucher Försterei , forester's apartment , today building complex Lübbener Straße 20
  • New Zaucher mills, one water mill and two wind mills . The watermill could not be located with certainty so far, probably Schloßstr. 1 or 2. The two windmills stood east of the town at the end of the mill path. By 1910 there was only one windmill left.
  • New Zaucher vineyard house, single house , now a vineyard living space
  • New Zaucher sheep farm , today Caminchener Weg 2

Officials and tenants

In the beginning, the Neu Zauche office was mostly leased, but later it was administered by a bailiff.

  • 1694 David Flynn, bailiff at Neu Zauche
  • before 1699 Christian Ehrenreich Kotten, tenant
  • 1699–1718 Ulrich Gottfried von Wolfersdorf, governor
  • 1718 Albrecht Schenk Freiherr von Landsmann, tenant
  • 1725 Abraham Shimkönig
  • around 1800 Johann Gottlob Wachs, bailiff
  • 1818 vacat
  • 1821 ( Lübben with Neuzauche ) Lessing, rent official, councilor
  • 1824 ( Lübben with Neuzauche ) Lessing, rent official, councilor
  • 1832 ( Lübben and Neuzauche ) Köthe zu Lübben
  • 1843 ( Lübben and Neuzauche ) Wentzel zu Lübben
  • 1846 ( Lübben and Neuzauche ) Wentzel
  • 1851 Ahlemann (only called Lübben)
  • 1854 Ultsch, rent master
  • 1864 Ultsch, domain rentmaster

Already in the topographical-statistical overview of the government district Frankfurt ad O. from 1844 the rent office Neu Zauche is no longer mentioned. The places belonging to around 1820 are now included in the Lübben Rent Office. In contrast, the Neu Zauche Rent Office did not disappear in the Hof und Staat handbook or in the state calendar until between 1846 and 1851.

supporting documents

literature

  • Friedrich Beck , Lieselott Enders , Heinz Braun (with the assistance of Margot Beck, Barbara Merker): Authorities and institutions in the territories of Kurmark, Neumark, Niederlausitz until 1808/16. Böhlau, Weimar 1964 (= overview of the holdings of the Brandenburg State Main Archive Potsdam, Part 1, Series of publications: Publications of the Brandenburg State Main Archive , Volume 4), ISSN  0435-5946
  • Johann Friedrich Danneil : The gender of the Schulenburg. Volume 2, Commissioned by JD Schmidt, Salzwedel 1847, online at Google Books (hereinafter abbreviated to Danneil, gender of von der Schulenburg, 2, with corresponding page number)
  • Götz Freiherr von Houwald : The Niederlausitz manors and their owners. Volume III: District of Lübben. Verlag Degener & Co., owner Gerhard Gessner, Neustadt an der Aisch 1984, ISBN 3-7686-4109-0 , p. 156ff.
  • Rudolf Lehmann : Historical local lexicon of Niederlausitz. Volume 2, Hessian State Office for Historical Regional Studies, Marburg 1979, ISBN 3-921-254-96-5 , pp. 195-196.
  • Rudolf Lehmann: The gentlemen in Lower Lusatia. Studies of origin and history. Böhlau Cologne, 1966 (= Central German Research, Volume 40) snippets at Google Books
  • Topographical-statistical manual of the government district of Frankfurt a. O. Verlag von Gustav Harnecker u. Co., Frankfurt a. O. 1867

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Woldemar Lippert : Document book of the city of Lübben. III. Volume: The documents of the city and the office of Lübben, the gentlemen Zauche, Pretschen and Leuthen. Verlag der Wilhelm and Bertha v. Baensch Foundation, Dresden 1933, p. 50
  2. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel : Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis : Collection of documents, chronicles and other source documents. Part 1 (A), Volume 20, Reimer, Berlin 1861, online at Google Books , p. 440
  3. ↑ a b Danneil, family of von der Schulenburg, 2, p. 294ff., Georg I. and Joachim II.)
  4. ↑ Manor houses and castles in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania: Penkun Castle
  5. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm v. Bredow-Liepe et al. George Adalbert von Mülverstedt (ed.): History of the sex v. Bredow. Part II. Containing Cremm's line. 185 p., Printing press of the orphanage, Halle an der Saale 1890 (plate 3).
  6. ↑ Georg Dehio (editor Gerhard Vinken and others): Handbook of the German Art Monuments Brandenburg. Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2000, ISBN 3-422-03054-9
  7. ↑ Winfried Töpler : The Neuzelle Monastery and the secular and spiritual powers 1268-1817. Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-931836-53-3 , online at Google Books
  8. ^ Jean Bernoulli, Daniel Berger: Collection of short travel descriptions and other news serving to expand knowledge of countries and people. Volume 3, Bernoulli & Altenburg, Richter, Berlin 1781, online at Google Books , p. 389
  9. ↑ a b c Royal Prussian State Calendar for the year 1851. Georg Decker, Berlin 1851, p. 322
  10. ↑ Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Frankfurth ad O. G. Hayn, Berlin 1820.
  11. ^ Berghaus, Landbuch, 3, p. 52 Online at Google Books
  12. ↑ Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1818. Georg Decker, Berlin 1818, p. 199
  13. ↑ Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1821. Georg Decker, Berlin 1821, p. 226
  14. ↑ Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1824. Georg Decker, Berlin 1824, p. 194
  15. ↑ a b Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1832. Georg Decker, Berlin 1832, p. 254
  16. ↑ a b Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1846. Georg Decker, Berlin 1846, p. 317
  17. ^ Official journal of the Royal Prussian Government in Frankfurt ad Oder. Born in 1854, Frankfurt ad Oder 1854, online at Google Books (p. 12)
  18. ^ Official journal of the Royal Prussian Government in Frankfurt ad Oder. Born in 1864, Frankfurt ad Oder 1864, online at Google Books (p. 206)
  19. ↑ Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Frankfurt ad O. Gustav Harnecker's bookstore, Frankfurt a. Cit. 1844

Coordinates: 51 ° 56 '  N , 14 ° 5'  E