Lordship of Golßen

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Golßen Castle - lithograph from the 19th century

The rule Golßen was a small aristocratic lordship in Lower Lusatia in what is now the Dahme-Spreewald district ( Brandenburg ). It is already documented in the 13th century. In the 15th century it disintegrated into individual pieces of property that were initially regarded as a unit; in the further course, however, the individual ownership shares lost their ties. It was not until the middle of the 18th century that individual property shares gradually came back into one hand through purchase. In 1846 the remaining property came to the Counts of Solms on Baruth, who maintained the title until 1945.

history

Located on the old Luckau-Baruth road, Golßen Castle included a Burgwart district, which was first documented in 1276. The castle and Burgwart district were then owned by the Burgraves of Golßen, a side branch of the noble Burgraves of Wettin. The original castle, which had a Slavic rampart as a predecessor, was in the northern part of Golßen on the Utzenberg (directly on the B 96).

In 1346 the rule came into the possession of Heinrich von der Dahme, who in 1353 sold the property to Margrave Friedrich II of Meißen , who was then pledgee of Niederlausitz. However, he was only able to take possession of the rule by force in 1354, after he had driven out the leaners who had appropriated the castle and rule. In 1359 the castle and rule belonged to Heinrich IV von Plauen , who in 1363 returned them to the jointly ruling Margraves of Meißen Friedrich III. , Balthasar and Wilhelm I. sold. 1364 sparked Emperor Charles IV. The Lausitz from the deposit rule of Meissen Margrave again and closed the Lausitz in 1367 to Bohemia on. In 1401 Jobst von Moravia pledged Niederlausitz again to Margrave Wilhelm von Meißen. In 1418, Kaspar and Paul von Knobelsdorff owned the Golßen estate.

Before 1437, the Golßen rulership came into the possession of the Lower Lusatian bailiff, Hans von Polenz , who died in 1437 , because in 1439 the new bailiff of Lower Lusatia sold Nickel von Polenz for himself and as guardian of Hans Polenz's sons, who were still underage, for repurchase to four brothers of the von Stutterheim family. The V. Stutterheim originally came from Stotternheim in Thuringia (today a district of Erfurt ). In the total loan from 1517 the following are listed as accessories of the Golßen rule:

Already when the four brothers v. Stutterheim's rule was divided into four parts, even if the overall leanings (until 1623) maintained the appearance of a unified rule. Since the Thirty Years' War, however, the connection between the individual parts has gradually been lost, also due to frequent changes of ownership. Falkenhain, which was split into five parts, was given to the v. Close sold. In 1646 the brothers Georg, Wilhelm and Alexander von Stutterheim sold their father's inheritance with Golßen and knight's seat, subjects and rights in the town of Golßen and in the villages of Prierow, Landwehr, Zützen, Liedekahle and the deserted Schöneiche to Ulrich von Wolfersdorf auf Bornsdorf, who owned him (or only a part?) 1651 to Achim v. Bredow passed on. In 1651 Hans Georg v. Stutterheim its share in Zützen and Wendisch-Gersdorf in Lippold Friedrich von Klitzing . By 1669 at the latest, the Golßen rulership lost its seat and vote in the state parliament of the "Estates Republic" of Lower Lusatia. In 1693 Kaspar Friedrich von Stutterheim sold his stake in Golßen to Jobst Ulrich von Bredow , the son of the above Achim v. Bredow. Jobst Ulrich von Bredow died in 1695. His son Jobst Siegmund succeeded him. He was married to a von Wangenheim and had a son Friedrich. His son Curt Otto died in 1814 as the heir to Papitz and Ruben. In 1721 Ernst von Stutterheim sold his stake in Golßen, subjects and rights in the villages of Landwehr and Prierow to Christian Ludwig Friligehausen. The last stake in Golßen was sold to Johann Georg Heinrich Döhler in 1793 (confirmed in 1800).

In 1743, the war and domain councilor Johann Just Vieth was enfeoffed with Bredow's share. He had acquired this part from his father-in-law Johann Peter von Köhler for 40,000 thalers. In the same year Johann Just Vieth (later ennobled as Vieth von Golssen (au)) acquired the von Wolfersdorf share and in 1752 the Friligehausen share for 14,000 thalers and 200 key money. In 1771, Count Siegmund Ehrenreich von Redern bought the Vieth property. After his death in 1789, his daughter Amalie, who was married to the Sardinian ambassador Count Nepomuk Fontana de Cravanzana, inherited this share. She managed to buy the last part of Golßen. In 1809, their daughter Sophie Louise Charlotte, Countess Fontana inherited the reunified, but greatly reduced rule compared to the beginning of the 15th century. In 1846 Count Friedrich Heinrich Ludwig zu Solms bought the Golßen estate on Baruth. His son Friedrich I. Hermann Carl Adolph von Solms was raised to the rank of prince in 1888. The zu Solms family owned the small estate until 1945.

Golßen Castle

No building remains of Golßen Castle have survived. Slavic and medieval fragments were found during excavations. It is not known exactly when the area of ​​today's castle was built on, but the castle was still provided with a crew at the beginning of the 15th century. Today the Utzenberg is a ground monument.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm v. Bredow-Liepe et al. George Adalbert von Mülverstedt (ed.): History of the sex v. Bredow. Part II. Containing Cremm's line. 185 p., Printing press of the orphanage, Halle an der Saale 1890 (plate 3).
  2. ^ Michael Bock: 725 years "Utzenberg . Official Gazette for the Office Golßener Land, 20 (10): pp. 14–15, Golßen 2010. PDF
  3. ↑ SEK Cottbus: mansions in the Lausitz (4) Golßen - from the knight seat to the residence . The Märkische Bote ( Memento from October 16, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ↑ Ground monument 12051 Burgwall of the Slavic Middle Ages, tower hill of the German Middle Ages. Official Journal for the Dahme-Spreewald district, 17 (17): pp. 25–26, 2010 PDF