Alt Zauche

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Alt Zauche
Municipality Alt Zauche-Wußwerk
Coordinates: 51 ° 55 ′ 4 ″  N , 14 ° 0 ′ 56 ″  E
Height : 51 m above sea level NHN
Area : 26.28 km²
Residents : 377  (December 31, 2016)
Population density : 14 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : October 26, 2003
Postal code : 15913
Area code : 03546
Alt Zauche Dorfstrasse
Alt Zauche Dorfstrasse

Alt Zauche ( Lower Sorbian Stara Niwa ) is a district of the municipality Alt Zauche-Wußwerk in the district of Dahme-Spreewald (Brandenburg). Until the merger with Wußwerk in 2003, Alt Zauche was an independent municipality. In the late Middle Ages, Alt Zauche belonged to the rule Zauche (or rule Neu Zauche), which was converted into a sovereign office, the Amt Neu Zauche , in 1647 .

geography

The center of Alt Zauche is just under 9 kilometers as the crow flies east-southeast of the city center of Lübben . The district (or the area of ​​the district) Alt Zauche borders in the north on Radensdorf (district of the city of Lübben) and Briesensee (district of the community Neu Zauche ), in the east on the district (or the district) Wußwerk, the district Neu Zauche and the municipality of Staupitz , in the south to Leipe (part of the city of Lübbenau / Spreewald ) and to Lübbenau itself, and in the west to the city limits of Lübben (Spreewald) and Radensdorf. Alt Zauche is via the L44 from Lübben (Spreewald) via Radensdorf; After Radensdorf the K6115 branches off to Burglehn and Alt Zauche. The center is just over 51  m above sea level. NHN . In the north of the district, the district rises to 55  m above sea level. NHN . The Spreewald is about 50  m above sea level. NHN . The earlier peat cuttings north of the town center are z. T. flooded.

Kanno mill on a postcard, around 1900

The district includes the municipality part Burglehn and the residential areas Alt Zaucher Mühle ( Staroniwojski młyn ), Forsthaus Schützenhaus ( Golnica-Stśělnica ) and Kannomühle ( Kanowy młyn ).

history

The place was mentioned for the first time in 1337 as the Alte Niewa. Antiqua Czuche was published in 1420 and Aldin Czuche in 1421. Rudolf Lehmann assumes that she named the von der Zauche after the two old and new Zauche. In the opinion of Götz Freiherr von Houwald , the opposite is true, the places Alt Zauche and Neu Zauche are named after the sex of those von der Zauche. He rightly states that the Slavic name Zauche = arid, dry land now certainly does not apply to the two Zauche places, whose field markers are crossed by numerous water arms. The older settlement Alt Zauche retained its old Slavic name Stara Njewa (= Old New) until the late Middle Ages , before the name derived from the immigrant knight dynasty established itself. In the opinion of Houwald came in the 12./13. Century, the knights of the Zauche from the landscape Zauche in the Spreewald, where it has established the City Neu Zauche, while the place was already Alt Zauche. The new settlement with a knight's seat was given the name of the knight dynasty, while the older, existing settlement was only called Alt Zauche in the course of the late Middle Ages. Only then did the name Neu Zauche come into use, to distinguish it from the older settlement. Presumably, the von der Zauche also founded the place Zauche in the former Luckau district (today part of the municipality of Kasel-Golzig ). There is no documentary evidence for Houwald's acceptance, not even for the contrary opinion of Rudolf Lehmann. The von der Zauche family did not appear in connection with the Zauche rule until 1347. However, the von der Zauche family in Lower Lusatia is documented as early as the end of the 12th century. In the further course of history, Alt Zauche always belonged to the Zauche rule or later also called the Neu Zauche rule.

14th and 15th centuries

On February 22, 1347, Hans , Fritz , Rudolph and Berchd , the sons of Hentze von der Zuche , received the feudal letter from the Brandenburg Margrave Ludwig I, "the Brandenburger" , the owner of Lusatia at the time, about the farm and all accessories: the villages of Zuche (= Neu Zauche), Wozwirch (= Wußwerk ), the Alte Niewe (= Alt Zauche), Kamenig (= Caminchen ) and Sacrow , also the forest that belonged to Neu Zauche and that extended to the right arm of the Spree handed as well as the Werder Weledstow (= wave rope). It was a new tenancy after the death of the tenant, but Hentze von der Zuche had owned the tenure for a long time. The further ownership history of the rule is initially not documented.

On April 25, 1420 the brothers Konrad, Joachim, Johann, Dietrich and Heinrich von Ihlow were enfeoffed with a quarter of the lordship of Neu Zauche. In 1422, however, a Hans von der Zauche was (again) in possession of the entire rule. +++ Emperor Sigismund had chosen Archbishop Günther (II.) of Magdeburg as patron of Lusatia. Hans von der Zauche committed himself to (military) help for his patron. Hans von der Zauche is also documented as the owner of the estate in 1425. In 1439 six brothers Heinrich, Hans, Friedrich, Titze, Günther and Caspar von der Zauche lent 300 Rhenish guilders to the Brandenburg margrave Friedrich II . Since the margrave could not repay the 300 guilders, the brothers Albrecht and Heinze von Kracht took over the repayment of the money; in 1440 the margrave issued them a bond on it. The reasons for this strange transaction are unknown. Because as early as 1439 the six von der Zauche brothers had sold the rule of Zauche to the (later) Mark Brandenburg Chancellor Heinze von Kracht. On October 7, 1439, he received the loan from Neu Zauche, Wusswerk, Alt Zauche, Radensdorf, Caminchen, Sacro, Waldow, Briesen and, for the first time, Goyatz . In 1454 he designated the village of Strega north of Forst (today Strzegów (Gubin) in Poland) as a treasure trove for his wife Anna. In 1477 the rule of Zauche was owned by Hans von Clumen (Chlumen or Klumen), who was the administrator of the Landvogtei in Niederlausitz that year. In 1480 Hans von Clumen was a member of the gentlemen's curia of the Lower Lusatian Estates Assembly. In 1484 Hans von Clumen, his wife Beate and his sons Hans, Georg and Siegmund on Neu Zauche pledged the village of Goyatz to the brothers Bernthe, Liborius, Hans and Erasmus von Beuden (Bewdin) on Lamsfeld .

16th and 17th centuries

In 1505 Siegmund von Chlomme sold the Neu Zauche estate to Werner von der Schulenburg . In this document, the Neu Zauche manor is referred to as a rulership for the first time. In the same year Werner von der Schulenburg also bought the Lübbenau estate in Lower Lusatia. Werner died in 1515; his two sons Jacob (I.) and Reichard / Richard (I.) inherited the extensive property. In 1519, the two brothers von der Schulenburg also acquired the Lieberose estate in addition to their Lower Lusatian property. In 1527, after the change to manu dominante (death of Ludwig II in the battle of Mohács (1526) ), they were (re) enfeoffed among the many other goods acquired by their father with the rulership of Neu Zauche. Apparently Jacob took over the rule of Lübbenau and Neu Zauche, Reichard the rule of Lieberose. Jacob I died in 1541, because on November 25, 1541 his son George V received his father's property as a fief, including Neu Zauche Castle with Wußwerk, Alt Zauche, Radensdorf, Briesen, Sacrow, Waldow, Goyatz and Caminchen. On April 12, 1543, Georg made his wife Elisabeth Pflugin (von Pflugk) 's castle and Gut Neu Zauche a personal treasure. In the event of her remarriage, she was to be compensated by his liege successor with 8,000 guilders. Georg died in 1560 without a physical heir and his property fell to his cousin Joachim II von der Schulenburg, Richard I's son Joachim II died in 1594; he was followed by his son Richard III. Richard III died on November 25, 1600. von der Schulenburg surprisingly hunting in Pieskow. Heir was his son Joachim VII, who on February 27, 1601 received the feudal letter for all goods inherited from his father in Lower Lusatia, including the Neu Zauche estate. In 1619 Joachim VII von der Schulenburg died. At first his widow took over the property. However, the property was heavily in debt, so that the creditors let the lords of Lübbenau and Neu-Zauche cede. On February 28, 1623, the rule of Neu Zauche with the villages of Wußwerk, Alt Zauche, Radensdorf, Briesen, Sacro, Waldow, Camminchen and Goyatz passed to the state elder of Niederlausitz Jobst von Bredow. Jobst von Bredow died on February 26, 1626, his figurative epitaph is in the church in Neu Zauche . Heir to the reign of Neu Zauche was Jobst's son Achim von Bredow, who in 1630 received the feudal letter over the reign of Neu Zauche. Another heir was Jobst's wife and Achim's mother, Katharina von Bredow.

However, the Bredow heirs could not raise the remaining amount of 6600 thalers and therefore pledged the Neu Zauche estate to Ulrich von Wolfersdorf, Jobst von Bredow's son-in-law and Achim's brother-in-law. In 1643 Achim von Bredow had to get a loan of 1000 thalers from Anna Margarethe von Promnitz, b. Take in Freiin von Putbus in order to avert the execution by the creditors. Finally, in 1651 he had to sell the Neu Zauche estate to his brother-in-law Ulrich von Wolfersdorf for 42,000 thalers. However, he reserved a repurchase right for Alt Zauche and Briesen; the (re) purchase price should be 7,500 thalers. On September 8, 1665, Lieutenant Colonel Ulrich von Wolfersdorf died. On September 17, 1666, his sons Jan Ulrich and his stepbrother Ulrich Gottfried received the feudal letter for the inherited property. In the fraternal division of the inheritance, the Bornsdorf property fell to Jan Ulrich and the reign of Neu Zauche to Ulrich Gottfried. In 1674 the rulership of Neu Zauche was forcibly auctioned off and went to the then sovereign of Lower Lusatia, Duke Christian I of Saxony-Merseburg , for 30,000 thalers . The rulership of Neu Zauche had an estimate of 9,000 thalers . Duke Christian I converted the rule into a sovereign office.

18th and 19th centuries

Alt Zauche on the Urmes table sheet 4050 Straupitz from 1846

After the Vorwerke had been sold until 1811, the Neu Zauche office became a rent office, i. H. the office or the bailiff no longer operated their own business, but was only responsible for collecting pensions. Around 1840 the Neu Zauche (rent) office was merged with the Lübben office and dissolved. In 1872 the Lübben office was finally also dissolved and the tasks assigned to the Lübben district.

Village history

Alt Zauche was originally a dead end village in terms of the village structure . In 1708 three farmers ( Hufner ), two Kossäts and one Büdner lived in Alt Zauche . For 1718 five, nine cottagers and six cottagers were named. The village had 1,450 guilders estimate . In 1723 there were eleven cottages instead of nine; one of the cottagers is now referred to as Büdner. In 1791, in addition to the five farmers, there were already 13 cottages living in Alt Zauche; also three Büdner and several cottagers. The Alt Zaucher mill belonged to the miller . During the Seven Years' War , Prussian troops were winter quarters in Alt Zauche in January 1762.

Around 1770 colonists were settled in the Spreewald villages in order to make the Spreewald more usable. In 1795 four members of the Freihäusler and eight Freihäusler in Alt Zauche are explicitly mentioned. In 1818 there were 281 residents in 42 houses. There was a forester's house ( Unterforsterei ) in the village where eleven people lived. The Burglehn residential area is known as an establishment , with three residential buildings and 20 residents.

1824 was a year of disaster for Alt Zauche. First, on May 4, 1824, a courtyard burned down. The fire society paid the owner 350 Reichstaler. On May 20, 1824, 19 buildings - almost half of the village - burned down, for which the fire society paid 16,800 Reichstaler. It also replaced the municipalities of Leibchel , Klein Leine , Groß Leine , Waldow and Biebersdorf with 41 Reichstalers and 5 silver groschen that were damaged when they were used in Alt Zauche. In 1827 Alt Zauche already had its own school .

In the topographical-statistical overview of the administrative district of Frankfurth ad O. from 1844 (describes the status of 1841) Alt Zauche had a watermill (Alt Zaucher Mühle) and a windmill (north of the village), and 406 inhabitants lived in 49 houses . At that time, the Kannomühle belonged to Neu Zauche. Burglehn was a Vorwerk with two houses and 29 residents. The Försterei Schützenhaus consisted of a residential building in which 14 people lived. In the Urmes table sheet from 1846, the windmill is recorded north of the town center and a little west of the path towards the Wusswerk station residential area (around here ). It no longer exists in the topographic map 1: 25,000 sheet 4050 Straupitz from 1903. It is not known when it was received. World icon

In the summer of 1854, 820 acres of meadow on the Alt Zaucher district were flooded during a Spree flood. There was damage of 4467 thalers. In Berghaus' opinion, however, the damage was overestimated. In 1861 there was a school and 43 houses in Alt Zauche; the place had 487 inhabitants. A water mill and a windmill are mentioned . There was a plant for starch production . In 1879 Alt Zauche received a new, one-class village school, which in 1930 could be expanded into an eight-class school. The school was a polytechnic high school with ten grade levels from 1950 to 1981 . This educational institution has been operated as a 6-class elementary school since 1990 .

According to the topographical-statistical manual of the government district of Frankfurt a. O. from 1867 (status 1864), Alt Zauche had two windmills, a brick factory and three expanded farmsteads in 1864 . 507 people lived in 43 houses. The Alt Zaucher watermill with a residential building had 17 residents. At that time, the Vorwerk Burglehn consisted of three residential buildings in which 48 residents lived. The Schützenhaus forestry with a residential building had eleven residents. In the case of the two windmills mentioned, it is unclear which of the two windmills recorded around 1900 still or already existed, and whether the old windmill north of the village had already died or still existed. In 1869 the size of the district was given as 4102 acres.

Old inn in Alt Zauche

In 1898 the route of the Spreewaldbahn was built roughly in a west-east direction through the district of Alt Zauche. The place received a stop at the Vorwerk Burglehn. In 1970 passenger traffic was stopped and the tracks dismantled.

In the topographic map 4050 Straupitz from 1903 two windmills are shown; both no longer exist today. One windmill was located west of the village, for example near the properties Siedlungsstraße 6/7), the other windmill was located east of the village on today's Mühlweg 6 property. Both windmills are not yet recorded on the original table from 1846. In contrast, the windmill recorded on the Urmes table sheet north of the village in TK25 from 1903 is missing. The Alt Zaucher (water) mill is referred to on the map as a sawmill (today Alt Zaucher Mühle is where you live). Before 1900, a cemetery was laid out on the road to Wusswerk. For 1900 the size of the district was given as 1050 ha.

Population development from 1818 to 2002
year 1818 1846 1864 1875 1890 1910 1925 1933 1939 1946 1950 1964 1971 1981 1991 2002
Residents 298 415 572 585 526 546 497 503 475 731 666 533 503 474 442 435

In 1953 the state-owned Gut Spreewald was established in the Burglehn part of the municipality . Mainly cattle were bred there, in 1977/8 a new young cattle rearing facility was built. In addition, vegetables (especially cucumbers and horseradish ) were grown and cereals were produced. After the fall of the Wall , the estate was liquidated.

Local and political affiliation

Before 1815, Alt Zauche was in the Lower Lusatian Krummspree district of the Electorate, from 1806 on the Kingdom of Saxony. At that time it was administered by the Neu Zauche Office. After the transition from Niederlausitz to Prussia, the district was now called Kreis Lübben . When the court passed from the Neu Zauche office to the Lübben district court in 1849, Alt Zauche also became an independent rural community within the Lübben district. The place was also during the district reforms of 1950 and 1952 in the district of Luebben, who was in after the turn and the formation of the state of Brandenburg in 1990 County Lubben has been renamed. In 1992, Alt Zauche formed the administrative community of Amt Straupitz together with nine other municipalities in the Lübben district . In 1993 the Lübben district was dissolved and merged with the Königs Wusterhausen and Luckau districts to form the Dahme-Spreewald district. Effective December 20, 1994, the Straupitz office was renamed Oberspreewald office. In the municipality reform in the state of Brandenburg on October 26, 2003, the municipalities of Alt Zauche and Wußwerk merged to form the municipality of Alt Zauche-Wußwerk. Since then, Alt Zauche has been part of the municipality of Alt Zauche-Wußwerk. At the same time, the Oberspreewald office was merged with the Lieberose office to form the Lieberose / Oberspreewald office. The district is represented by a local advisory board and the mayor. According to the main statute of the municipality of Alt Zauche-Wußwerk, the local advisory board of Alt Zauche consists of three members, who elect the mayor from among their number.

Church affiliation

Alt Zauche had no church and was always churched in Neu Zauche. It still belongs to the Neu Zauche parish of the Evangelical Church District of Niederlausitz .

Monuments and sights

War memorial

The list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg for the district of Dahme-Spreewald lists two architectural monuments and three ground monuments for the place and the district Alt Zauche.

Architectural monuments

The architectural monuments are:

  • No. 09140047 Forsthaus "Schützenhaus"
  • No. 09140576 War memorial: Hauptstrasse / Alt Zaucher Dorfstrasse

Soil monuments

The listed soil monuments are:

  • No. 10000 hallways 1,2: a burial ground from the Bronze Age
  • No. 10001 Hallway 4: a settlement from the Bronze Age
  • No. 10002 Hall 2: the center of the German Middle Ages, the center of the modern era

Personalities

literature

  • Friedrich Beck , Lieselott Enders , Heinz Braun (with the assistance of Margot Beck, Barbara Merker): Authorities and institutions in the territories of Kurmark, Neumark, Niederlausitz until 1808/16. Böhlau, Weimar 1964 (= overview of the holdings of the Brandenburg State Main Archive Potsdam, Part 1, Series of publications: Publications of the Brandenburg State Main Archive , Volume 4), ISSN  0435-5946
  • Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz in the middle of the 19th century. Volume 3, printed and published by Adolph Müller, Brandenburg 1856, online at Google Books
  • Johann Friedrich Danneil : The gender of the Schulenburg. Volume 2, Commissioned by JD Schmidt, Salzwedel 1847, online at Google Books (hereinafter abbreviated to Danneil, gender of von der Schulenburg, 2, with corresponding page number)
  • Götz Freiherr von Houwald : The Niederlausitz manors and their owners. Volume III: District of Lübben. Verlag Degener & Co., owner Gerhard Gessner, Neustadt an der Aisch 1984, ISBN 3-7686-4109-0 , p. 373ff.
  • Rudolf Lehmann : Historical local lexicon of Niederlausitz. Volume 2, Hessian State Office for Historical Regional Studies, Marburg 1979 ISBN 3-921254-96-5 (hereinafter abbreviated to Lehmann, Historisches Ortlexikon Niederlausitz with corresponding page number)
  • Rudolf Lehmann: The gentlemen in Lower Lusatia. Studies of origin and history. Böhlau, Cologne 1966 (= Central German Research, Volume 40)

Web links

Commons : Alt Zauche  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Community and district directory of the state of Brandenburg. Land surveying and geographic base information Brandenburg (LGB), accessed on June 20, 2020.
  2. ^ Woldemar Lippert : Document book of the city of Lübben. III. Volume: The documents of the city and the office of Lübben, the gentlemen Zauche, Pretschen and Leuthen. Verlag der Wilhelm and Bertha v. Baensch Foundation, Dresden 1933, p. 50
  3. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel : Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis : Collection of documents, chronicles and other source documents. Part 1 (A), Volume 20, Reimer, Berlin 1861, p. 440, online at Google Books
  4. ↑ a b Danneil, family of von der Schulenburg, 2, p. 294ff., Georg I. and Joachim II.)
  5. ↑ Georg Dehio (editor Gerhard Vinken and others): Handbook of German Art Monuments. Brandenburg. Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2000, ISBN 3-422-03054-9
  6. ^ Jean Bernoulli , Daniel Berger: Collection of short travel descriptions and other news serving to expand knowledge of countries and people. Volume 3, Bernoulli & Altenburg, Richter, Berlin 1781, p. 389, online at Google Books
  7. ↑ Royal Prussian State Calendar for the year 1851. Georg Decker, Berlin 1851, p. 322
  8. ↑ Christian August Peschek: Description of the office Neuenzauche. In: Lausizische monthly. Volume 2, Görlitz 1791, online at Google Books , pp. 334–336, especially p. 335
  9. ^ Collection of unprinted news such as the history of the Prussian campaigns from 1740 to 1779. Third part. No. II. Diary of Gen. Majs. George Reinhold von Thadden, from Jenner 1761 to Jenner 1762. pp. 46–112, In der Waltherischen Hofbuchhandlung, Dresden 1773, p. 110 online at Google Books
  10. ^ A b Lehmann, Historisches Ortslexikon Niederlausitz, pp. 234–235.
  11. ↑ Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Frankfurth ad O. G. Hayn, Berlin 1820.
  12. ^ Official journal of the Royal Prussian Government in Frankfurth on the Oder. No. 1, January 5, 1825, p. 9, online at Google Books
  13. ^ August Schumann , Albert Schiffner : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony . Volume 14, Zwickau 1827, pp. 135-136 online at Google Books
  14. ↑ Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Frankfurt ad O. Gustav Harnecker's bookstore, Frankfurt a. O. 1844, p. 169, online at Bayerische Staatsbibliothek digital
  15. ^ Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz in the middle of the 19th century. Volume 3, printed and published by Adolph Müller, Brandenburg 1856, p. 139, online at Google Books .
  16. ^ Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz in the middle of the 19th century. Volume 3, printed and published by Adolph Müller, Brandenburg 1856, p. 144, online at Google Books .
  17. ^ Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl , J. Scheu: Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg with the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz in their history and in their present existence. J. Scheu, Berlin 1861, online at Google Books .
  18. ↑ a b Topographical-statistical manual of the government district of Frankfurt a. O. Verlag von Gustav Harnecker u. Co., Frankfurt a. O. 1867
  19. ↑ Deutsche Fotothek: Topographic Map 1: 25,000 Straupitz from 1903
  20. ↑ Contribution to the statistics of the State Office for Data Processing and Statistics. Historical municipality register of the State of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005 19.3 District Dahme-Spreewald PDF
  21. ↑ Neues Deutschland from December 31, 1977 Start of production in a new rearing facility in the Spreewald Werner Walde with farmers and workers in Burglehn
  22. ↑ Sixth law on state-wide municipal reform concerning the districts of Dahme-Spreewald, Elbe-Elster, Oberspreewald-Lausitz, Oder-Spree and Spree-Neiße (6th GemGebRefGBbg) of March 24, 2003, Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Brandenburg, I ( Laws), 2003, No. 05, p. 93
  23. ↑ Main statute of the municipality of December 18, 2008 PDF  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (560 kB)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.amt-lieberose-oberspreewald.de  
  24. ↑ Evangelical Church Community Neu Zauche
  25. ↑ List of monuments of the state of Brandenburg: Dahme-Spreewald district (PDF) Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum