Lübbenau Castle
The Lübbenau Castle (1817-1839) is a neoclassical building in Lübbenau / Spreewald in Spreewald . Today it is used as a hotel. The castle is one of the architectural monuments in Lübbenau .
history
The former royal palace area is the oldest part of Lübbenau. In the park entrance there is a wrought iron gate with a tower and a crowned snake. This points to the last owners of the Lübbenau registry, the family of the Counts of Lynar . The family is originally from Tuscany . The fortress builder Rochus Guerrini Graf zu Lynar came to Germany in 1568 as the first of his family. Elisabeth, the widow of Count Johann Casimir zu Lynar, bought the Lübbenau estate in 1621. This remained in the family's possession for more than three hundred years.
A medieval moated castle was located on the site of today's building . Around 1600 it was converted into a palace in the Renaissance style . The complex was essentially given its current appearance in the years 1817 to 1820 by Carl August Benjamin Siegel . The two towers at the back of the castle were only added by Homann in 1839 . The surrounding nine-hectare park in the English landscape style was created from 1820 and was created by HW and JE Freschke . The plans go back to Peter Joseph Lenné .
On October 17, 1928, the previously independent manor district of Schloss Lübbenau was incorporated into the city of Lübbenau. Wilhelm Graf zu Lynar took over the rule of Lübbenau in 1928. The count's family moved their residence to Seese in 1930 , to the family estate there. A museum was opened on May 1, 1932, to save property taxes. The director of the Märkisches Museum Berlin was commissioned with the establishment . The family portraits of the Lynars, often created by important painters, prehistoric finds, pamphlets by Martin Luther , a collection of music and weapons, the armor of Count Johannes Siegesmund from the Thirty Years' War and other art and everyday objects from the history of the palace were shown. With the beginning of the Second World War , the collections were moved to Seese. The Reichsluftwaffe set up a cartographic facility in the castle and the orangery . In January 1944, a fire broke out in the right wing of the palace and numerous furnishings were destroyed. From 1944 the castle also served as a field hospital .
Wilhelm Graf zu Lynar was an officer and personal adjutant to Field Marshal Erwin von Witzleben . He was involved in the preparations for the coup against Hitler . The conspirators around Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg met in the castle . After the failed attack, Lynar was executed in Plötzensee on September 29, 1944 . The Nazis expropriated the family's property.
After 1945, Lübbenau Castle was initially used as a makeshift hospital and then as a children's spa. The palace park was renamed the People's Park in 1949 and the palace district was renamed Clara-Zetkin-Strasse . In a new building erected in 1949, a rural outpatient clinic with a doctor, dentist and maternity ward was set up. The children's sanatorium was converted into a maternity and infant home as well as a permanent home with 140 places in 1955, and a crèche was also created. However, for hygienic reasons, the facility was closed later. The outpatient clinic was closed in 1963. The lock then stood empty and fell into disrepair. In 1970 the mayor of Lübbenau wanted it to be blown up. He spoke of creating a toboggan hill. From 1969, however, the internal trade computing company became interested in the castle in order to set up a training center here. However, district architect Kurt Messow and district monument curator Gerhard Krüger campaigned successfully for the preservation of the monument. From 1970 the reconstruction of the castle took place over eight years. It was used as a training center until 1990. A restaurant was set up in the basement.
During the GDR era, a new building for a kindergarten was built in the palace gardens. An animal enclosure was created around the duck pond. The castle's former farm yard was also fundamentally changed. The riding stables were demolished, a historic three-story barn was built back on one floor and divided into two houses. In the early days of the GDR, these houses served as farm buildings for new farmers . Later it was used as a sales and storage area by the rural trading cooperative . The old cutting mill, formerly a count's sawmill, was converted into a municipal building yard. The hereditary burial of the Lynars was destroyed, the oak trees planted in the shape of a cross were felled and the grave slabs were released as building material. In parts of the formerly 56-hectare castle grounds, allotment gardens, a boat harbor and, in the mid-1960s, a campsite were built. Some areas were designated as land reform land during the land reform. The lynar estates west of the Spreewald Seese with the Seese Castle , Tornow , Lichtenau , Schönfeld and Groß Lübbenau were destroyed by the lignite mining in the Seese-West opencast mine .
After the political change in 1989, the castle was used as a hotel. In the course of reunification , the building was returned to the Lynar family in November 1991, as the expropriation was not a result of non-contestable decisions by the occupying powers, but rather had taken place during National Socialism. Starting in 1992, she renovated the palace for ten million DM and converted it into a four-star hotel. As early as 1991, the palace district and palace park were given their original names again. The bronze bust of the fortress builder Rochus Graf zu Lynar, donated to the Lynar family by Wilhelm II in 1903, had escaped the intended meltdown in the GDR and was also returned and placed on its old base in March 2000. From 2015 Lübbenau Castle was supplemented by a single-storey wing extension that can be used as a ballroom.
The city zoo operated in the park was given up by the city of Lübbenau for cost reasons. The rural trading cooperative ceased operations. The kindergarten was demolished and the outpatient clinic was converted into a residential building.
building
main building
The castle consists of two main wings that diverge at an obtuse angle, a narrow middle section and a north-west wing that was added later in 2015. The main wing has three floors and is plastered, the northwest wing is single-story. The basement, set off by a cornice , is characterized by rectangular windows framed by round arches. On the upper floors, the windows are set back in groups of three. Colossal pilasters frame the middle section. Four pillars support a balcony above the ground floor. On the back of the middle section there is a square tower added in 1839 on the left and right in the neo-Romanesque style . The three-part light for the staircase area is located between the towers.
After the restoration, the stairwell and vestibule are back in their original design. Six Tuscan pillars made of wood are in the vestibule. On the first floor of the staircase, pillars made of wood were also inserted. However, these four pillars are fluted and have wooden pilasters . The capitals are designed as Egyptian palmette capitals . Two octagonal wooden pillars are on the second floor. Overall, the stairwell is generously designed and is characterized by light wooden railings.
Outbuildings
One of the outbuildings is the former orangery , which is located opposite the castle and has been used for gastronomy since 2004 after renovation. The orangery was built around 1820 and probably also goes back to Siegel. On the park side there is a colonnade with twelve Doric columns . At the ends of the building, which is elongated in north-south direction, there are end structures. The building originally served as winter quarters for the partially frost-sensitive plants in the landscape park. The gardener lived in the southern front building. During the GDR era, the orangery was used as a museum alongside the office. The large window front had been bricked up and was restored to its old form in the course of the renovation in 2004.
On the south side is the former justice or court chancellery, which was built in the years 1745 to 1748 in the baroque style. The facade is divided into seven axes. The chancellery was the seat of the count's court judge, later it served as the Lynar family's archive. The Spreewald Museum was located here from 1951 to 1999 . The old archive material was taken to a rubbish dump in the post-war period, but was secured there by a citizen and later stored in the Potsdam State Archives, where it is still located today. Restorations of the building took place from 1960 to 1962 and 2004. The outside staircase leading to the park side is distinctive. In the southwest corner of the office there is a room with a needle cap barrel .
Furthermore, there is an elongated two-storey timber-framed building , formerly with ivy overgrown and therefore the name Efeuhaus carries. It was built between 1744 and 1746 at the southern end of the palace district. The ivy house has 3 longitudinal and 18 transverse axes. While the upper floor is designed as a half-timbered structure, the basement is a massive construction with a beamed ceiling. The middle passage is designed as a basket arch . The house is covered by a hipped roof with arched roof structures. The ivy house served as a coach house and stables . There were two apartments on the upper floor. In the period after the Second World War, these were converted into seven rental apartments. Members of the Lynar family lived in the ivy house until the 1960s. A restoration took place from 1960 to 1962. In 2009 a renovation began.
The castle mill, built in the 18th century, was originally located at the entrance to the old town of Lübbenau . The existing timber-framed buildings, the water of the Spree -use water mill , acquired Maximilian Graf zu Lynar 1880 by the miller Traugott Hirschberger. From around 1930 the mill was leased to an Erich Lehmann. However, the mill was destroyed by fire on November 19, 1943 and not rebuilt. A notice board reminds of the former castle mill.
literature
- Jens Eschrich in Dehio, Handbook of German Art Monuments , Brandenburg , Deutscher Kunstverlag Munich Berlin, 2000, ISBN 3-422-03054-9 , page 628 f.
- Beatrix Countess zu Lynar: What happened to the castle and its masters . In: History of the City of Lübbenau / Spreewald - 20th Century. 2004, page 254 ff.
- Tanja Moormann: Lübbenau ; (Palaces and Gardens of the Mark); ed. Sibylle Badstübner-Gröger / Circle of Friends of Palaces and Gardens of the Mark. German Society eV; Berlin 2004.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Eschrich, Dehio, page 629
- ↑ Beatrix Countess zu Lynar: What happened to the castle and its masters . In: History of the City of Lübbenau / Spreewald - 20th Century . 2004, page 260
- ↑ Beatrix Countess zu Lynar: What happened to the castle and its masters . In: History of the City of Lübbenau / Spreewald - 20th Century . 2004, page 261
- ↑ On the history of the castle
- ↑ Information on Lübbenau Castle Park. In: spreewald-info.de. Retrieved April 25, 2019 .
- ↑ Eschrich, Dehio, page 629
Web links
- Entry in the monument database of the State of Brandenburg
- Castle Hotel Luebbenau
- Material on Lübbenau Castle in the Duncker Collection of the Central and State Library Berlin (PDF; 240 kB)
Coordinates: 51 ° 52 ′ 9 ″ N , 13 ° 58 ′ 27 ″ E