Weichensdorf
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Weichensdorf
City of Friedland
Coordinates: 52 ° 5 ′ 15 ″ N , 14 ° 21 ′ 21 ″ E
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| Height : | 78 m |
| Area : | 8.01 km² |
| Residents : | 216 (December 31, 2016) |
| Population density : | 27 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | March 31, 2001 |
| Postal code : | 15848 |
| Area code : | 033673 |
Weichensdorf ( Wichmanojce in Lower Sorbian ) is a district of the city of Friedland in the Oder-Spree district (Brandenburg). The medieval village fell in desolation in the second half of the 15th century. It did not emerge again until the end of the 17th century as a preliminary work for the Friedland Order Office . Until it was incorporated into Friedland at the end of 2001, Weichensdorf was an independent municipality.
geography
Weichensdorf is located about 7 kilometers east-southeast of Friedland and about 12 kilometers southeast of Beeskow . The district borders in the north on the district of Groß Briesen , in the east for a very short distance on Chossewitz and Groß Muckrow (the places mentioned are districts of the city of Friedland), in the south on Ullersdorf (district of the municipality of Jamlitz ) and Trebitz , and in West to Günthersdorf (part of the city Friedland). The town center is about 78 m above sea level. NHN . In the northeast corner of the district, the terrain rises to 98 m above sea level. NHN . The lowest point of the district is northwest of the disused station at about 72 m above sea level. NHN . The place can be reached via the L43 from Friedland; The L435 branches off north of the town center and continues to the Friedland districts of Groß Briesen and Oelsen . A smaller road also connects Weichensdorf with Ullersdorf. The district has no watercourses. To the west of the town center is a very small pond. The Planheide residential area belongs to the district of Weichensdorf.
history
The place was first mentioned in 1354 as Wycansdorf . It was also mentioned for the last time until 1709. The village probably fell in the 15th century. Today's place was probably re-established as a Vorwerk in the second half of the 17th century. In 1753 the place was then called Weichmannsdorff, in the Schmettauschen map series from 1767/87 it was called Weichendorf. The name is to be interpreted as the village of a wigand.
Ownership history
At least according to its later affiliation and also its location in the middle of the dominion area, the medieval village already belonged to the Friedland dominion. It is not mentioned in the documents of the 15th century relating to this rule; this is also an indication that it soon fell into desolation after it was first mentioned. The Friedland dominion was sold to the Order of St. John in 1533 by the brothers Georg, Hans and Andreas von Köckritz. It was then transformed into a religious office administered by officials. In 1811 the Brandenburg Balli of the Order of St. John was abolished. Thereupon the Saxon king moved in the order office Friedland and converted it into a Saxon domain office. After Niederlausitz passed to Prussia in 1815, it was continued as the Friedland Rent Office .
Vorwerk and village history
The Weichensdorf Vorwerk was mentioned as early as 1665 in the administrative house book. The sowing was eight Wispel rye, barley Wispel two, two Wispel oats, three bushels of peas, two bushels Heiden (buckwheat = buckwheat ), a bushel flax and a bushel of hemp . There were 12 draft oxen, eight cows and twelve young cattle on the estate, as well as 15 pigs, eight geese and 60 chickens. There was no well at the Vorwerk, they had dug for water in vain. The water had to be brought in by the subjects of Kle-Briesen. In addition, some meadows belonged completely or partially to the Vorwerk, such as the Jankewiese on the Schlaube, which produced four loads of hay and the meadow on the large staircase, which made six loads of hay. The hay from the Ziltendorfer Wiesen from 50 to 60 loads came to the Weichensdorf and Mixdorf farms. Haying was the duty of the subjects in Klein-Briesen, Chossewitz, Oelsen, Lindow, Grunow, Dammendorf and Mixdorf. A sheep farm was attached to the Weichensdorf Vorwerk, where 500 sheep were kept. The washing and shearing of the sheep was the task of the subjects in Klein-Briesen, Chossewitz, Groß Muckrow and Klein Muckrow.
In 1709 it was given a long lease. According to Hänseler, the von Metzrath family owned the Lehnschulzengut as well as the Vorwerk in Reudnitz and the Vorwerk Weichensdorf in the 18th century. From 1763–1770 the Vorwerk was owned by a von Diebitsch , who was apparently also the governor of the Friedland order. He also had the farm in Reudnitz on a long lease. He was followed in 1776 by a leaseholder named Johann Kroll. In 1818, 19 people lived in a residential building in the Weichensdorf leasehold. In 1840, however, there were only 13 people. In 1837 Ledebur named a councilor Hubert in Reudnitz. Since Weichensdorf belonged to Reudnitz at that time, District Councilor Hubert can also be accepted as the hereditary tenant of Weichensdorf. In 1846 the bailiff Lehmann bought the two leasehold farms Reudnitz and Weichensdorf for 27,500 thalers and the Lehnschulzengut in Reudnitz for 2,500 thalers. Berghaus gives the size of the Vorwerk for 1853 as 2030 acres. From 1855 a bailiff is called Binder auf Weichensdorf. Carl August Binder was the landowner in 1868, as was the case in 1879. However, the estate was not eligible for a district council. In 1879, Carl Binder also ran a starch factory in Weichensdorf. In 1864, Weichensdorf consisted of four residential buildings in which 67 people lived. Until 1893 a Rittmeister a. D. von Borroczyn acquired the Weichensdorf manor . In 1907 it came into the possession of Richard Lange, who can be found on Weichensdorf until 1921. In 1929 the estate was owned by the Prussian state. In 1925, 158 people lived in Weichensdorf.
In 1876 the Cottbus – Frankfurt (Oder) line was completed. Weichensdorf received a train station. Regular traffic on the route ceased in 1996. From 2007 to 2012, the tracks on the route between Jamlitz and Grunow were dismantled.
A steam cutter was located near the train station and in 1909 employed 30 workers. During the GDR era, the Weichensdorf sawmill belonged to VEB Brandenburg. After the Second World War, the MTS station Weichensdorf was built in Weichensdorf .
At the time of the GDR, unusable ammunition was disposed of on the barracks grounds southeast of Weichensdorf. Until 2008, old ammunition was disposed of by Rheinmetall Entsorgungsgesellschaft Weichensdorf GmbH. The site was then sold and a solar park was built on it. In 2014, a wind farm with 18 wind turbines went into operation on the former barracks site.
Population development since 1818 (*)
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Communal and Political History
The place is in the Lower Lusatia and was counted in the Saxon time to the Krummspreeischen Kreis . After the transition to Prussia in 1815, the district was renamed the Lübben district ; the circle, however, essentially retained its limits. During a first district reform in 1950 in the former GDR, the Lübben district was greatly enlarged. In the comprehensive district reform only two years later in 1952, the Lübben district was greatly reduced in size again. The northern parts of the original Lübben district have now been assigned to the newly created Beeskow district, including Weichensdorf. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, the Beeskow district was renamed the Beeskow district . In the district reform of 5./6. December 1993 in the state of Brandenburg, the Beeskow district was combined with the Fürstenwalde district , the Eisenhüttenstadt-Land district and the Eisenhüttenstadt district to form the Oder-Spree district.
The original manor district was not converted into a rural community until 1929. In the course of the administrative reforms in 1992 in the state of Brandenburg, Weichensdorf merged with 15 other municipalities to form the Friedland (Niederlausitz) office . On December 31, 2001, Weichensdorf was incorporated into the city of Friedland and has been a district of Friedland ever since. The Friedland (Niederlausitz) office was dissolved on October 26, 2003. In the district of Weichensdorf, a local advisory board consisting of three members is elected, who elect the mayor from the local advisory board. In 2015 Lothar Janke was the mayor of Weichendorf.
Church history
Weichensdorf was churched after Friedland. The Protestant residents today belong to the Evangelical Church Community Friedland-Niewisch in the Evangelical Church District Oder-Spree.
Municipal facility
One focus of community life is the community hall in Weichensdorf. The house of the generations is housed in it. But the Naturwacht in the Schlaubetal now also has one of its bases in the community center in Weichensdorf.
Monuments and sights
The list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg for the Oder-Spree district only lists one ground monument:
- No. 90844 Corridor 1: the village center of the German Middle Ages, the village center of the modern era
The manor house with park, burial place of the Lange family and a small chapel in the courtyard should be mentioned as a historically significant building, although not a monument.
supporting documents
literature
- Götz Freiherr von Houwald : The Niederlausitz manors and their owners. Volume III: District of Lübben. Degener Verlag, Neustadt an der Aisch 1984, p. 372
- Heinrich Kaak: Corporate manor and agricultural innovations in Prussia - the Order of St. John on his New Mark offices 1750-1811. BWV, Berliner Wiss.-Verl., Berlin 2012 (in the following abbreviated Kaak, Korporative Gutsherrschaft with corresponding page number).
- Rudolf Lehmann : Historical local lexicon for Niederlausitz. Volume 1: Introduction and overviews The districts of Luckau, Lübben and Calau. Hessian State Office for Historical Regional Studies, Marburg 1979, ISBN 3-921254-96-5 , p. 180
Individual evidence
- ↑ Community and district directory of the state of Brandenburg. Land surveying and geographic base information Brandenburg (LGB), accessed on June 21, 2020.
- ↑ "Wichmanojce" entry in the Lower Sorbian place names database on dolnoserbski.de
- ↑ Siegfried Körner: Place Name Book of Niederlausitz: Studies on the toponymy of the districts Beeskow, Calau, Cottbus, Eisenhüttenstadt, Finsterwalde, Forst, Guben, Lübben, Luckau, and Spremberg. Akademie Verlag GmbH, Berlin 1993, p. 243
- ↑ a b c August Hanseler: The Friedland Order Office after the Thirty Years' War. (Based on the office house book from 1665). Niederlausitzer Mitteilungen, 23: 91–114, Guben 1935.
- ↑ Kaak, Korporative Gutsherrschaft, p. 69.
- ^ Leopold Freiherr von Ledebur : Adelslexicon of the Prussian Monarchy. Volume 1: AK. Verlag von Ludwig Rauh, Berlin 1855, online at Google Books , p. 166
- ↑ Kaak, Korporative Gutsherrschaft, p. 70.
- ↑ Kaak, Korporative Gutsherrschaft, p. 107.
- ↑ Topographical-statistical overview of the government district Frankfurth ad O. G. Hayn, Berlin 1820, p. 219
- ↑ Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Frankfurt ad O. Gustav Harnecker's bookstore, Frankfurt a. O. 1844, online at Bayerische Staatsbibliothek digital , p. 175
- ^ Leopold Freiherr von Ledebur : The Royal Museum of Patriotic Antiquities in the Monbijou Castle in Berlin. Printing house d. Kgl. Akad. D. Wiss., Berlin 1838, online at Google Books , p. 72
- ^ A b Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz in the middle of the 19th century. Volume 3, printed and published by Adolph Müller, Brandenburg 1856, online at Google Books , pp. 655, 657–658
- ^ Official Journal of the Royal Prussian Government in Frankfurt ad Oder. Born in 1855, January 17, 1855, online at Google Books , p. 20
- ↑ a b Statistical Bureau of the Royal Government of Frankfurt a. O .: Topographical-statistical manual of the government district of Frankfurt a. O. Verlag von Gustav Harnecker u. Co., Frankfurt a. Cit. 1867, online at Google Books , p. 202
- ↑ P. Ellerholz, H. Lodemann, H. von Wedell: General address book of the manor and estate owners in the German Empire. I. Kingdom of Prussia. I. Delivery to the province of Brandenburg. Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung R. Stricker, Berlin 1879, PDF , pp. 238–239
- ↑ Report on the negotiations of the General Assembly of the Association of Tax and Economic Reformers in Berlin ... Volumes 18–22, snippets at Google Books , p. 187
- ^ Dismantling of the line on the section Grunow / NL - Weichensdorf
- ↑ BrandenburgViewer ( Memento from December 15, 2015 in the web archive archive.today ) (longer loading time)
- ^ Otto Gerlach, Franz Mendelson: Settlement of agricultural workers in Northern Germany. Surveys by the German Agricultural Society (= work of the German Agricultural Society, Volume 149). German Agricultural Society, Berlin 1909, snippets from Google Books , p. 64
- ^ Ivo Franz: Historical sawing industry in Brandenburg: Development from 1850 to 1990. Diplomica-Verlag, Hamburg 2009, online at Google Books , p. 85
- ^ Catrin Hahn: Windpark Ullersdorf am Netz In: agrarheute. November 10, 2014
- ↑ Contribution to the statistics of the State Office for Data Processing and Statistics. Historical municipality register of the State of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005 19.3 District Dahme-Spreewald PDF
- ^ Lehmann, Historisches Ortslexikon Niederlausitz, pp. 231–232.
- ↑ Democratic Women's Association of the Brandenburg State Association eV Location Weichensdorf "House of Generations" ( Memento from December 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ The nature watch in the large protected areas
- ↑ List of monuments of the state of Brandenburg: Dahme-Spreewald district (PDF) Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum
- ↑ Ingrid Reisinger, Walter Reisinger: Well-known, unknown and forgotten manor houses and manor houses in the state of Brandenburg. An inventory. Volume 1, pp. 1–412 + XII, Stapp Verlag, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-87776-082-6 (p. 252/3)
Web links
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Chossewitz | Friedland | Groß Briesen | Great Muckrow | Günthersdorf | Karras | Klein Muckrow | Kummerow | Leißnitz | Lindow | Niewisch | Pieskow | Reudnitz | Schadow | Weichensdorf | Zeust