Märkisch Buchholz

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 52 ° 7 '  N , 13 ° 46'  E
Basic data
State :	Brandenburg
County :	Dahme-Spreewald
Office :	Schenkenländchen
Height :	42 m above sea level NHN
Area :	24.86 km 2
Residents:	830 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	33 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	15748
Area code :	033765
License plate :	LDS, KW, LC, LN
Community key :	12 0 61 328
City structure:	1 district 3 living spaces
City administration address :	Münchehofer Strasse 1 15748 Märkisch Buchholz
Website :	www.maerkischbuchholz.de
Mayor :	Arno Winklmann
Location of the town of Märkisch Buchholz in the Dahme-Spreewald district

Märkisch Buchholz (until 1937 Wendisch Buchholz ; Lower Sorbian Serbski Bukojc ) is a town in the Dahme-Spreewald district in Brandenburg . It is the smallest city ​​in Brandenburg and the sixth smallest in Germany . The city has belonged to the Schenkenländchen office since 1992 .

geography

The city lies on the Dahme . In the local area, the Dahme flood canal flows into the Dahme. The area was reshaped during the Ice Ages . The city itself is located in a valley sand area and offers with the Krausnicker Mountains and the highest geological terrace in the area preserved there some geographical features. In addition, the city is located in a possible drainage area of the Spree , which is exploited with the Dahme Umflutkanal.

City structure

According to its main statute, the town of Märkisch Buchholz includes the Köthen district , which is located about 6 km southeast of the town center on the south bank of Lake Köthen .

The city's residential areas are Neuköthen on the north bank of Lake Köthen, a settlement on the left side of the Dahme-Umflutkanal and Herrlichenrath north of Märkisch Buchholz.

history

Settlement of the area around Buchholz has been documented since the Stone Age . Various settlement sites were found in the area of ​​the Dahmetal, near Köthen and in the wider area. During further excavations, urns, axes and jewelry could be dated to the Bronze Age . The Slavs left a settlement in the area of ​​the village of Köthen. In the Middle Ages , mainly Wends ( Sorbs ) settled here .

The settlement of the city from a German perspective is placed in the 12th and 13th centuries. The first documentary mentions in the conflict between the Margraves of Meißen and the Margrave from Ascanic family take place. It is believed that the place was laid out as a castle fortification with an attached settlement. This assumption is supported by the first documentary mention that describes the area on August 3, 1301 as castrum et oppidum Bucholt . During excavations from the 13th and 14th centuries, numerous items of daily use were found, but also the remains of a moat.

The place was in a very conflict-ridden area and was sold, given away, taken or passed on as a fief several times until 1443 . The trigger for this unrest is likely to have been the extinction of the Brandenburg Ascanians in 1319. It was not until 1443 that the place finally came under the ownership of the Margrave of Brandenburg . Years of relative calm followed. The Thirty Years War brought extensive devastation to the place. At the end of the war, only poor huts remained of the building stock. Over 65% of the population had been wiped out.

church

After the war a bourgeoisie was gradually able to establish itself, and more and more businesses were settled. In 1642 the tailors' guild was founded as the first meeting ; In 1715 the “white cake bakers in the Hochhfreyherrlichen little town” met. With the decline of the von Landsberg family and the sale to the Prussian state, the living conditions initially changed little. In 1734, further guilds were founded on the initiative of the king, including carpenters, coopers, butchers and the building trade. The church, which had existed since at least 1346, was so badly damaged by the town fire in 1752 that it was renewed as the Crown Church . The city grew to 1205 inhabitants by 1905 and gained regional importance. The local post office also made a direct connection to Prague and Berlin possible. In the southeast of the city, where the cultivation of hops is documented from the 15th to 17th centuries, several community gardens were laid out as early as the 16th century. Around 1716 there was a watermill in Wendisch Buchholz. Today a 21 cm thick, 90 cm diameter millstone on the weir is reminiscent of them .

In the course of road construction work, archaeological investigations were carried out in the city center in spring 2006. To the north-west of the church, human burials were discovered on a large scale. This area belongs to an early modern expansion of the cemetery, the historical boundaries of which are not precisely known. The 87 skeletons were examined by the anthropologist Bettina Jungklaus . The section of the population covered by the exposure is random and therefore not representative. The peak of death of this section of the population lies in the more mature age. There were hardly any children among them. The gender ratio is almost balanced. The quite high disease burden is striking. Degenerative diseases are common, sometimes extremely well developed. The proportion of dental caries was moderately high; it can be concluded that the diet was more grain-oriented. Two cases of syphilis have been identified.

Due to its location on the Dahme and the Unterspreewald, the place became a popular excursion destination for Berliners as early as the 19th century. Numerous restaurants and hotels were created for a place of this size .

1863 opened a savings and loan fund; In 1869 a steam mill with a sawmill was founded. From the second half of the 19th century, the place had an unusually high proportion of Jews (3%) for the area . The Jews established a cemetery on Birkenstrasse in 1840 , which was used for burial until 1917. In 1876 the Schulze & Schramm company operated a planing mill and an oil mill in the city. In 1883 a second sawmill was added; In 1897/1898 a dairy cooperative was founded. In the years 1908–1910 the Dahme flood canal was built, which led to the construction of the weir on Schützenstrasse. From 1909 the place was supplied with municipal gas. In 1929 the master blacksmith Friedrich Glomb took over the mill. He imported wheat from Canada and delivered the meal products to Berlin . In 1935 Glomb built a 35 m high silo with a capacity of 600 tons. In order to improve the supply of poultry to the population , the city built a chicken farm in the east of the city in 1936, in which, among other things, the White Leghorn was bred. In 1937, the city was renamed from Wendisch Buchholz to Märkisch Buchholz in accordance with the National Socialist policy of eradicating the Sorbian history and culture of East Germany . In contrast to many other places, the place never got its original name back. National Socialists largely destroyed the Jewish community's cemetery.

During the Second World War , the city was badly affected due to its location on the edge of the Halbe basin , more than 70% of the building was destroyed within a week. The mill was also destroyed; however, the silo remained. At GDR erected -times and entertained the border troops of the GDR the pioneer - camps " Egon Schultz ".

In 1990 the chicken farm had to be closed. In 1994 an animal shelter was built north-west of the city center with space for up to 120 animals. In the years 1999 to 2002 the city redeveloped the weir. The Franz Fühmann Literature and Meeting Center Märkisch Buchholz eV was founded on August 18, 2012 and has been holding numerous events in the historic school building since then.

Märkisch Buchholz has belonged to the Beeskow-Storkow district in the province of Brandenburg since 1836 and to the Königs Wusterhausen district in the GDR district of Potsdam from 1952 . The community has been in the Dahme-Spreewald district in Brandenburg since 1993.

Population development

year Residents 1875 1 227 1890 1 308 1910 1 188 1925 1 010 1933 1 060 1939 1 081 1946 1 027 1950 1 015

year Residents 1964 915 1971 878 1981 941 1985 944 1989 888 1990 884 1991 861 1992 864 1993 868 1994 861

year Residents 1995 862 1996 832 1997 847 1998 881 1999 871 2000 874 2001 872 2002 836 2003 842 2004 840

year Residents 2005 833 2006 810 2007 818 2008 805 2009 793 2010 780 2011 759 2012 771 2013 769 2014 740

year Residents 2015 773 2016 786 2017 804 2018 834 2019 830

Territory of the respective year, number of inhabitants: as of December 31 (from 1991), from 2011 based on the 2011 census

politics

Fühmann meeting place, former school

City Council

The city council consists of 9 city councilors in addition to the honorary mayor. After the local elections on May 26, 2019 with a voter turnout of 73.0%, it is composed as follows:

Party / list	Seats	Share of votes
Heimatverein Märkisch Buchholz	3	31.2%
Buchholz: Open and colorful	2	17.2%
Individual applicant René Altreuther	1	17.2%
Individual applicant Ingo König	1	13.2%
Individual applicant Klaus-Dieter Schwarz	1	9.5%
SPD	1	7.4%
total	9

Altreuthers share of the vote corresponds to two seats. Therefore, according to § 48 (6) of the Brandenburg Local Election Act, a seat in the city council remains vacant.

mayor

• 1998–2008: Karl-Heinz Haucke
• 2008–2019: Bianca Urban (Buchholz: Open and Colorful)
• since 2019: Arno Winklmann

Winklmann was elected in the mayoral election on May 26, 2019 with 81.9% of the valid votes for a term of five years without a candidate.

coat of arms

The coat of arms was approved on August 20, 1999.

Blazon : "In silver next to a right blue flank, covered with an upright, left-turned silver pike and raised by an upright five-pointed golden stag, a rooted green beech."

Attractions

The list of architectural monuments in Märkisch Buchholz and the list of ground monuments in Märkisch Buchholz contain the cultural monuments entered in the monuments list of the State of Brandenburg.

• Märkisch Buchholz village church from 1753, which goes back to a previous building from the 14th century. It was financed by August Wilhelm von Prussia , the younger brother of Friedrich II . The building was successively renovated in the 2000s. Inside there is a listed baptismal font and a spire with the initials AW of the church patron . It was shot from the top of the tower during World War II .
• Remains of the Jewish cemetery from 1840 on Birkenstrasse
• Dahmeblick northwest of the city center, allows a view of the confluence of the Dahme with the Spree-Dahme Umflutkanal.
• Weir , a listed building, bridges a height difference of 5.5 meters between the upper and lower water. The weir opening is 12 meters wide, the double gate is 2 meters wide . The maximum permissible water drainage is 35 m³ / s. To Aalen to allow passage of the weir, the city built a Aalleiter as a promotion, and a Aalrohr than descent. An electric boat tow was also built to promote tourism .
• Memorial stone for the writer Franz Fühmann , who worked in the city from 1959, on Leibscher Chaussee. The former school, which has served as a meeting place since 2012, is also named in his honor.
• Forest ways of reading , around 20 km long tourist nature trail, which mostly leads along the Dahme. The Landesbetrieb Forst Brandenburg , together with the Austrian artist Wolfgang Georgsdorf, put up a total of 50 panels with literary texts, all of which deal with the forest theme, including texts by Goethe , Canetti , Matthias Claudius , Shakespeare and Alexander von Humboldt .
• City tour through forests and fields around the town, 7.5 km long. A detour to the Jewish cemetery can be made at the meeting place. The path is marked with a rectangular, green bar on a white background.
• The Dahme cycle path leads from Halbe in the direction of Hammer through the village. On Dahme Flood Relief Canal , part of the proceeds 66-Lakes trail .

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

The resident companies serve primarily to supply the population and tourists. There are also some small businesses in the field of renovation / modernization and the construction of new houses. In the primary sector there is still fishing in Köthen and some small timber companies.

traffic

Märkisch Buchholz is connected to Berlin by the B 179 via Königs Wusterhausen . The L 74 state road connects the city with the Teupitz junction on the A 13 .

The direct waterway to Berlin leads over the Dahme . A ship connection was offered by the Stern und Kreisschiffahrt from Berlin until the end of the 1990s .

Sports and clubs, culture

• SV Green-White Märkisch Buchholz e. V., founded in 1899 as a cycling club, offers a wide range of sports in 2016, including table tennis, badminton, volleyball, bowling, senior gymnastics, aerobics, health sports and senior dance.
• Märkisch Buchholz volunteer fire brigade with the Märkisch Buchholz 1900 e. V.
• Water hiking rest area with canoe station along the Dahme
• The Franz Führmann Meeting Center has set itself the goal of promoting “art and culture broadly regionally and nationally”. The mediation of literature for children and young people is to be strengthened and the cultural heritage of Führmann preserved. Since 2012, the association has maintained a meeting place in the school building that was founded by a private person in 1997 and has expanded the range to include a library and a literature café.

Personalities

• Franz Fühmann (1922–1984), writer, lived and worked in Märkisch Buchholz and is buried there
• Gerd Modrow (* 1938), track cyclist, lives in Märkisch Buchholz

Web links

Commons : Märkisch Buchholz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Office Schenkenländchen
• City site of the tourist association
• Märkisch Buchholz in the RBB program Landschleicher on June 8, 2014

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Population in the State of Brandenburg according to municipalities, offices and municipalities not subject to official registration on December 31, 2019 (XLSX file; 223 KB) (updated official population figures) ( help on this ).
2. ↑ Main statutes of the city of Märkisch Buchholz
3. ^ The service portal of the state administration Brandenburg. Retrieved October 25, 2016 . 
4. ^ History , website of the Märkisch Buchholz Tourist Association, accessed on December 21, 2015.
5. ↑ ^{a b} Tourist Association Tor zum Spreewald (Ed.): "Welcome to Märkisch Buchholz / Köthen - Tor zum Spreewald", 1st edition, March 2017, p. 30.
6. ↑ Information board of the Märkisch Buchholz home club: On the history of district 2 , set up east of the lock, inspection in December 2015.
7. ^ Project Märkisch-Buchholz. In: anthropologie-jungklaus.de. Retrieved June 4, 2017 . 
8. ↑ Bettina Jungklaus : Archaeological and anthropological studies in Märkisch-Buchholz, Dahme-Spreewald district . In: Insights, Archaeological Contributions from the South of Brandenburg 2006/2007 . No. 18 . Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum, Wünsdorf 2008, ISBN 978-3-910011-50-2 , p. 267-271 .
9. ↑ ^{a b} City tour Märkisch Bucholz , website of the Märkisch Buchholz Tourist Association, (PDF), accessed on December 21, 2015.
10. ^ Historical municipality register of the state of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. Landkreis Dahme-Spreewald , pp. 22-25
11. ↑ Population in the state of Brandenburg from 1991 to 2015 according to independent cities, districts and municipalities , Table 7
12. ^ Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg (Ed.): Statistical report AI 7, A II 3, A III 3. Population development and population status in the state of Brandenburg (respective editions of the month of December)
13. ^ Result of the local election on May 26, 2019
14. ↑ Brandenburg Local Election Act, Section 48
15. ↑ Results of the local elections in 1998 (mayoral elections) for the Dahme-Spreewald district ( Memento from April 10, 2018 in the Internet Archive )
16. ↑ Local elections in the state of Brandenburg on September 28, 2008. Mayoral elections , p. 8
17. ↑ Brandenburg Local Election Act, Section 73 (1)
18. ^ Result of the mayoral election on May 26, 2019
19. ↑ Coat of arms information on the service portal of the state administration of Brandenburg
20. ↑ Information board for the attack weir at Märkisch Buchholz am Wehr, inspection in December 2015.