Köthen (Märkisch Buchholz)

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Koethen
Municipality Märkisch Buchholz
Coordinates: 52 ° 4 ′ 36 ″  N , 13 ° 48 ′ 21 ″  E
Height : 43–52 m above sea level NN
Residents : 84  (2006)
Incorporation : 1st January 1974
Postal code : 15748
Area code : 033765
Village street
Village street

Köthen ( Lower Sorbian Kóśina ) or Kothin, is an inhabited part of the municipality of the city of Märkisch Buchholz in the Dahme-Spreewald district ( Brandenburg ).

geography

The place is about 5 km as the crow flies southeast of Märkisch Buchholz on the south bank of Lake Koethen in the Spreewald Biosphere Reserve . The district borders in the north on the district of Groß Wasserburg , the district of the town of Märkisch Buchholz and the district of Birkholz (part of the municipality of Münchehofe ), in the east to the district of Leibsch (part of the municipality of Unterspreewald ) and in the south and west again to the Groß Wasserburg district. The place can only be reached via two small connecting roads from Groß Wasserburg and Märkisch Buchholz. The street into the town center is a dead end.

The Köthen lake and the Heideseen der Große and the Kleine Wehrigsee belong to the district of Köthen . In addition, there are two smaller ponds southwest of the town center. In the south, the district extends to the Mittelsee , but the lake itself belongs to the district of Groß Wasserburg. The topographic map 1: 25,000 of the German Empire from 1914 shows the Karpigsee (or pond) to the southeast of the town center, which has since disappeared. The Heidessen drain into the Köthener See via a river. The Große Wehrigsee and the silting Kleine Wehrigsee are each connected to Lake Köthen by a river. The mouth and the outflow of the Dahme-Umflutkanal in the Köthener See are each on the Köthener district. In the southeastern part of the Köthener See the Rand Canal flows into, which creates a connection to the Wasserburger Spree. The highest part of the district is a part of the district between Schibingsee and Schwanensee that protrudes to the south and is about 63 m high. The lowest point is the Köthener See, whose lake level averages around 43 m.

The Neuköthen residential area, part of the Köthen district, is located on the north bank of Lake Köthen . The living space on the Pichersee, formerly the Köthen forester's house named after the place, is in the Groß Wasserburg district.

geology

600,000 - 800,000 years ago the area was covered by a huge glacier. The ice sheet, about 200 m thick, stretched from Scandinavia to Central Europe to the southern Berlin area. The Krausnicker Mountains, south of Köthen, are a terminal moraine from the Ice Age.

history

Köthen appears for the first time in a document as Kothin in 1421 . There are several interpretations of the name Koethen. According to the Brandenburg name book, a derivation from Middle Low German * Köten = settlement with small houses, huts or cottages is most likely. A derivation from Slavic, e.g. * Kotno to urslaw, is less likely. * kotь = hangover or booth, stuff, small stall, chicken coop. According to the village structure, Köthen is a Platzeckdorf that was created at the time of the German settlement in the east .

In 1576 there were four farmers and eight kossas living in the village. The arable land was divided into eight hooves . In 1600 a shepherd was also mentioned.

In the Thirty Years' War Köthen suffered as the whole region considerably. In 1692, the four farms were not yet occupied and lay desolate. Two of the eight Kossaten posts were not yet filled either. There was enough firewood and good timber. However, the timber belongs to the village owners. There was enough fodder in the district so that cattle breeding was possible. The few residents did not afford to be a shepherd, but tended their cattle themselves. They were allowed to fish in Lake Koethen, and fishing was one of the main sources of income. They were also allowed to keep sheep, but there were no sheep that year. In 1727 the number of hooves is given as 16, i. This means that the eight large hooves were each made into two smaller hooves. Apparently no more farmers were appointed, because in 1745 only eleven kossaets were resident in the village. In 1745 the tar oven on the Pichersee is mentioned. In 1775, eleven Kossäts and eight Büdner (or others) lived in the village, which in that year had 18 fireplaces (= houses). In 1801 there were twelve people living in Köthen and six residents, a total of 125 people. There was a pitcher in town and a tar stove nearby. The Neuköthen residential area was first mentioned as an establishment by some residents. In 1817 it is mentioned as a village with a tar stove. In 1837, 19 residential buildings were counted in Köthen. The fishery in the Köthener See belonged to the Krausnick office and was leased when it was dissolved in 1848. In 1858 Köthen (excluding Neuköthen) had 2 public buildings, 18 residential buildings and 32 farm buildings. In 1864 three farms were demolished. In 1900 there were 25 houses in the village. In 1913 there were nine farmers, six Büdner, a forestry (Pechhütte) and seven new or cultivators. Two cottages lived in Neuköthen. In 1931 there were 27 residential buildings. With the land reform, four farm workers and one resettler received land. In 1959 the Agricultural Production Cooperative (LPG) Type I was founded. In 1960 it had 16 members and cultivated 87 hectares of agricultural land. A second LPG type I had eleven members and cultivated 54 hectares of usable area. In 1961 both LPGs were closed together. Köthen was already a holiday resort during the GDR era. The Free German Trade Union Federation (FDGB) had the Kaethe Kollwitz holiday home there. In 1997 the village green with its old stock of oaks and lime trees was restored.

Population development from 1774 to 1971
year 1774 1801 1817 1837 1858 1875 1895 1910 1925 1939 1946 1950 1964 1971
Residents 90 125 110 139 131 174 123 143 162 132 219 214 117 115

Political history

In the Middle Ages, Köthen belonged to the Storkow rule . The owners of the village were vassals of the respective owners of the Storkow estate. In 1421 Hannus Bewnencz (probably Bennewitz) sat on Köthen. In 1508 the village belonged to von Langen (Märkisch) Buchholz and Krausnick. In 1518 Ulrich von Bieberstein enfeoffed Antonius von Langen with the village and knight seat of Krausnick and the village of Köthen. In 1553 these were Otto and his brother Caspar von Langen. In 1556 the brothers Otto and Caspar von Langen zu Münchehofe were enfeoffed by the Brandenburg margrave Johann with Krausnick, Köthen and half of the village of Leibsch. In 1604, Andreas von Langen zu Krausnick established the villages of Krausnick and Köthen as personal treasures for his wife. In 1609 the brothers Andreas and Ernst von Langen were enfeoffed by Prince Elector Johann Sigismund with half of Krausnick and Köthen and a quarter of the village of Leibsch. In 1620 the brothers Moritz Ernst and Nickel von Langen, sons of Andreas von Langen, were given the same property. In 1628 the two brothers finally sold half of Krausnick and Köthen and a quarter of the village of Leibsch to the brothers Antonius, Otto and Heinrich Ernst von Langen zu Wasserburg for 13,000 thalers. In 1647 Georg von Oppen zu Kossenblatt bought these goods and in 1648 received the loan. In 1699 Otto von Langen zu Wasserburg and Caspar Friedrich von Oppen exchanged shares in their Krausnick, Köthen and Leibsch estates. In 1716 they also sold the other half to von Oppen. In 1728 the Brandenburg elector and king in Prussia Friedrich Wilhelm I bought the villages of Krausnick and Leibsch from Friedrich Erdmann von Oppen. It is very likely that Köthen, which was part of Krausnick at the time, was also part of the purchase. Friedrich Wilhelm I made it the Krausnick office , which he had administered by a bailiff. In the district reform of 1816/7, the former dominion Storkow was awarded the Teltow to Teltow-Storkow closed together, but was in 1835 already dissolved. The Beeskow-Storkow district was formed from the previous lordships of Beeskow and Storkow and lasted until 1950. The Krausnick office was merged with the Buchholz office in 1848 . The administrative buildings in Krausnick were partly sold and partly rented out. From 1872 to 1874 the Buchholz office was also dissolved, and its tasks were taken over by the Beeskow-Storkow district. In the first district reform of 1950 in the former GDR, the Beeskow-Storkow district was dissolved and Köthen became part of the Lübben district . Only two years later, in the major district reform of 1952, the Lübben district was made smaller again and the Beeskow district re-established. Parts of the Lübben district also came to the newly formed Königs Wusterhausen district , including Koethen.

Köthen became an independent rural community in the 19th century. When the estate district of Krausnick was dissolved in 1929, the community received the Köthener See and the island as well as the Great and Small Wehrigsee. Neuköthen was designated as Köthen's residential area in 1931. In 1950 and 1957, the residential areas Neuköthen, forestry and recreation home were designated in addition to the core town. In 1973 Neuköthen was part of Köthen. On January 1, 1974, Köthen was incorporated into the town of Märkisch Buchholz. After that, Köthen was part of the town of Märkisch Buchholz. According to the main statute of the city of Märkisch Buchholz from 2009, Köthen is no longer a district, but only an inhabited part of the municipality without a local advisory board and mayor.

Church history

Köthen has no church and has not had a church in the past. In 1630 it was parish in Märkisch Buchholz. From at least 1774 until after 1858 it belonged to Krausnick church . Since 1897 it was parish back to Märkisch Buchholz.

Monuments and sights

The list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg for the district of Dahme-Spreewald does not list any architectural and / or ground monuments for Köthen. In the center there are still a number of renovated half-timbered houses that are well worth seeing. The Wendish farmer's oven at the youth hostel is also a special feature.

Tourism and economy

Triftsee, one of the heather lakes

The place is shaped by tourism. A path leads from the village square to the bathing area on Lake Köthen. Another bathing area is located in the southernmost bay of Lake Koethen near the campsite. Since the beginning of the 20th century, in addition to the previously dominant fishing and agriculture, tourism has also emerged as an economic factor. In 1933 Köthen had 125 inhabitants and in 1939 133. At the time of the GDR, two FDGB holiday homes were operated for holidaymakers at the old campsite and with the Heideblick Pension (an Art Nouveau villa from the 1920s in the town center). Köthen was a popular holiday resort until the late 1980s. Up to 300 holiday children and vacationers spent their holidays here. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, the homes were sold and not reopened as part of privatization and trust management. The youth hostel, which opened in 1951, has survived the turning point and is enjoying increasing popularity thanks to its good location on Lake Koethen. In addition to the youth hostel, there are also two commercial accommodation providers and a number of private providers of holiday apartments in Köthen. On the outskirts in the direction of Groß Wasserburg there is a stud directly on the Pichersee. It emerged from a former duck fattening business and from the 1980s onwards served as a riding stable for diplomats accredited in the GDR. Since 2004 there has been a riding hall, riding school and riding arena at the stud. The cucumber cycle path leads through the village .

Culture and customs

During the carnival season, usually in the middle of February, an old carnival tradition, Zampern, is maintained and celebrated in Köthen and the surrounding areas of the Unterspreewald. A colorful carnival party, led by the master of ceremonies, accompanied by a mobile band, brightly decorated in tails, costume and skirt, moves through the town from court to court. The people of Zamper collect eggs, bacon and money as well as something spiritual to warm up. The whole hustle and bustle is traditionally opened in the village inn with a dance by the hosts. Afterwards every farm and house is visited and the host asked for the gifts mentioned and rewarded with a dance by the carnival society.

Infrastructure

The place is connected to the neighboring towns of Märkisch Buchholz and the next train station in Halbe via a local bus service. In 1997, as part of a large-scale village renewal, the village green with its old stock of oaks and linden trees was restored, the beach was beautified and provided with sanitary facilities, the village road and access roads were newly asphalted, as well as a number of other smaller objects such as a new bus stop or information boards for Guests newly built. There is still a historic inn in the village.

natural reserve

The Heideseen nature reserve extends in two places slightly beyond the district of Köthen. The nature reserve silting zone Köthener See lies entirely within the district of Köthen.

supporting documents

literature

  • Joachim Schölzel: Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Part IX: Beeskow-Storkow. Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1989, ISBN 3-7400-0104-6 .
  • Hans Georg Schuster: Spreewald, a sensual hike. Imhof, Petersberg 2009, ISBN 978-3-86568-512-4 , pp. 11-26.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Place names Niederlausitz
  2. ↑ Main statutes of the city of Märkisch Buchholz from March 31, 2009. [1] (PDF)
  3. ^ Sophie Wauer, Klaus Müller: The place names of the Beeskow-Storkow district. (= Brandenburg name book. Part 12). Steiner, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-515-08664-1 , p. 79.
  4. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring: Statistical-topographical description of the entire Mark Brandenburg. Second volume. Containing the Mittelmark and Uckermark. VIII, Maurer, Berlin 1805 (online at Google Books)
  5. ↑ Ortschafts = directory of the government = district of Potsdam according to the latest district division from 1817, with a note of the district to which the place previously belonged, the quality, number of people, confession, ecclesiastical circumstances, owner and address, along with an alphabetical register. Georg Decker, Berlin. (online at Google Books)
  6. ↑ The Berlinische Zeitung was a royal privileged newspaper of state and learned matters. No.104, May 5, 1848 (without pagination) (online at Google Books)
  7. ↑ Schölzel: Historical local dictionary, Beeskow-Storkow. 1989, pp. 129-130.
  8. ↑ Contribution to the statistics of the state office for data processing and statistics: Historical municipality register of the state of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. 19.3: Dahme-Spreewald district. [2] (PDF)
  9. ^ Woldemar Lippert: Document book of the city of Lübben. III. Tape. The documents of the city and the office of Lübben, the lords of Zauche, Pretschen and Leuthen. Verlag der Wilhelm and Bertha v. Baensch Foundation, Dresden 1933, p. 47.
  10. ↑ a b c d e f Friedrich Beck: Document inventory of the Brandenburg State Main Archives - Kurmark, 2: Municipal institutions and noble lords and goods. VII, 820 pp., Berlin, Berlin-Verl. Spitz 2002 ISBN 3-8305-0292-3 (also publications of the Brandenburg State Main Archive Potsdam 45), p. 668/9.
  11. ^ Carl von Eickstedt: Contributions to a newer land book of the Brandenburg brands: prelates, knights, cities, fiefdoms, or Roßdienst and fiefdom. Creutz, Magdeburg 1840, (online at Google Books) , p. 22.
  12. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv: Online research: Otto von Langen zu Wasserburg and Caspar Friedrich von Oppen zu Krausnick conclude an exchange agreement for shares in the Krausnick, Köthen and Leibsch estates. 1699 October 13.
  13. ↑ Francesko Rocca: History and administration of the royal family property: according to the files and documents of the Kgl. Court Chamber in Charlottenburg compiled. Rohde, Berlin 1913–1914.
  14. ↑ List of monuments of the state of Brandenburg: Dahme-Spreewald district (PDF) Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum
  15. ↑ Office Schenkenländchen (publisher): Circular hiking trail Köthener Heideseen , flyer, without date.

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