Teltow district

The Teltowic Circle 1788

The district of Teltow [ 'tɛltoː ], Teltow district until 1939 , was a district in Brandenburg that existed until 1952. It comprised the part of the area around Berlin south of the Spree . Until Greater Berlin was founded on October 1, 1920, numerous parts of Berlin today belonged to this district.

Its counterpart on the northern side of the Spree was the Niederbarnim district . Both districts profited to a great extent from the suburbanization of the capital, which is squeezed into narrow city limits. The communities bordering Berlin grew from villages to suburbs with a five-digit population in just a few years. In contrast to most of the communities in Niederbarnim, the western and southwestern suburbs of Berlin in particular achieved considerable wealth through the settlement of industry or taxable populations; the incorporation into Berlin happened against the resistance of the affected communities and the district of Teltow.

The Teltow plateau bordering the Spree glacial valley to the south gave the district its name. The city of Teltow , which was the administrative seat until 1871 (Ritterstraße 29) , is located on today's city limits of Berlin, east of Potsdam . From 1871 to 1945 the district office was located at Viktoriastraße 18 in Berlin-Tiergarten , then in Mahlow .

The former district area today belongs to the Brandenburg districts of Potsdam-Mittelmark , Teltow-Fläming and Dahme-Spreewald as well as to the Berlin districts of Spandau , Steglitz-Zehlendorf , Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf , Mitte , Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg , Tempelhof-Schöneberg , Neukölln and Treptow-Köpenick .

Administrative history

Prussia

The district house of Teltow in Berlin, Viktoriastraße

In the post-medieval period , the Margraviate of Brandenburg was divided into circles . One of these historical circles was the Teltow district , also called Teltowische Kreis at the time . A map of the district from 1788 shows three partial landscapes, the main district in the north between Teltow and Mittenwalde (also called "Hoher Teltow"), the administrative district in the south between Trebbin and Zossen and in the east the rule of Wusterhausen and Teupitz .

The main district included the cities of Charlottenburg , Köpenick , Mittenwalde and Teltow as well as the royal offices of Gallun, Groß Machnow, Köpenick, Rotzis, Selchow and Waltersdorf , while the administrative district included the cities of Trebbin and Zossen and the royal offices of Trebbin and Zossen .

As part of the Prussian provincial authorities Ordinance of 30 April 1815 and the subsequent district reform in the province of Brandenburg, the circle Teltow with the rule Storkow 1817 became the county Teltow-Storkow in the administrative district of Potsdam together. The northern part of the Teltow-Storkow district bordering on Berlin belonged to the administrative district of Berlin until January 1, 1822 , which was dissolved on that day. The entire district area was now under the jurisdiction of the district president in Potsdam.

On January 1, 1836, the status quo ante was restored. The rule Storkow formed together with the northern part of the district Lübben , the rule Beeskow , the restored district Beeskow-Storkow and the district Teltow got its historical demarcation again.

The district office of the circle was since 1871 in the Province House of the Estates in Victoria Street 18 in Berlin-Tiergarten resident.

In the southern area of ​​the capital of the new German Empire , the following municipalities have developed so rapidly since the 1870s that they went beyond the scope of the Teltow district and were declared separate urban districts :

• January 1, 1877: Charlottenburg
• April 1, 1899: Schöneberg (city since 1898)
• May 1, 1899: Rixdorf (town since April 1, 1899), from 1912: Neukölln
• April 1, 1907: German Wilmersdorf (city since October 31, 1906), from 1912: Berlin-Wilmersdorf .

The exit of the rapidly growing suburbs from the district was prevented by this for as long as possible. For the district administrator, every “lost” city was a loss of power and influence. The cities really had to “buy their way out” of membership in a district. The city of Rixdorf, for example, had to pay the district a "settlement" of one million marks when it left in 1899 .

The Teltow authorities also prevented the granting of town charter as far as possible, because in Schöneberg, Rixdorf and Wilmersdorf as well as in Lichtenberg (Niederbarnim district) they left the district a few months after the town was raised. This policy had sometimes absurd consequences. When it was incorporated into Berlin in 1920, the rural community of Steglitz had around 84,000 inhabitants, but no town charter .

Greater Berlin Act

With the Greater Berlin Act on October 1, 1920, the most densely populated part of the district became part of Greater Berlin . The Teltow district lost almost 90 percent of its population, around 450,000 inhabitants. The number of residents is in brackets.

The following municipalities and manor districts, which previously belonged to the Teltow district, fell to Berlin:

to the Charlottenburg district the manor district of Heerstrasse to the Wilmersdorf district the rural communities Berlin-Schmargendorf (11,600) and Berlin-Grunewald (6,500), and the estate district of Grunewald-Forst to the Schöneberg district the rural community of Berlin-Friedenau (44,000) to the district of Zehlendorf the rural communities Zehlendorf (20,500), Nikolassee (2,000) and Wannsee (4,000), and the manor districts of Berlin-Dahlem (6,200 inhabitants), Klein-Glienicke, Pfaueninsel and Potsdamer Forst to the Steglitz district the rural communities Berlin-Steglitz (83,400), Berlin-Lichterfelde (47,400), Berlin-Lankwitz (12,400) and Berlin-Mariendorf , district Südende (3,700)

to the Tempelhof district the rural communities Berlin-Tempelhof (34,000) Berlin-Mariendorf (except Südende, 17,000) Berlin-Marienfelde (3,800) Lichtenrade (4,800) and Buckow, uninhabited parts of the district west of Mariendorf-Lichtenrader Chaussee to the Neukölln district the rural communities Berlin-Britz (13,500) Buckow (east of Mariendorf-Lichtenrader Chaussee, 2,400) Rudow (1,400) to the Treptow district the rural communities Berlin-Treptow (31,000) Berlin-Niederschöneweide (9,600) Berlin-Johannisthal (5,400) Adlershof (12,700) and Alt-Glienicke (5,000) to the Köpenick district the city of Köpenick the rural communities Muggelheim (200) Schmoeckwitz (600) Bohnsdorf (2,000) and Grünau (3,500) and the estate districts of Grünau-Dahmer Forst and Köpenick-Forst.

Republic and National Socialism

The municipality of Nowawes near Potsdam , which has around 26,000 inhabitants, applied for city rights in 1923. The application was accepted in the provincial parliament, but rejected in the district council . After the community assured that it did not want to leave the Teltow district, the state government permitted the adoption of the town regulations on December 13, 1924. Nowawes only had city status for almost 15 years, the last of which was named Babelsberg ; because as early as April 1, 1939, it was incorporated into Potsdam, with which the district had to cede its largest city for the sixth time.

On September 30, 1929, as in the rest of Prussia, a territorial reform took place in the Teltow district, in which almost all previously independent manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities.

On January 1, 1939, led county Teltow the term in accordance with the rich now unified control district .

On April 1, 1939, the Potsdam district received the city of Babelsberg and the municipality of Drewitz from the Teltow district .

On January 1, 1945, the district of Teltow comprised the six towns of Königs Wusterhausen , Mittenwalde , Teltow , Teupitz , Trebbin and Zossen as well as 105 other communities and four manor districts (forests).

The Mahlow community became the seat of the district administration in 1945.

Soviet occupation zone / German Democratic Republic

Due to the law on the amendment to improve the district and municipal boundaries of April 28, 1950, the following area changes occurred on July 1, 1950:

• The community Schöneweide moved from the Teltow district to the Luckenwalde district .
• The Staakow community moved from the Teltow district to the Luckau district .
• The community of Schiaß moved from the district of Zauch-Belzig to the district of Teltow.
• The communities of Glau , Löwendorf , Mietgendorf and Zesch am See moved from the Luckenwalde district to the Teltow district.

On July 23, 1952, the Teltow district was dissolved. The district area was divided between the newly formed districts of Königs Wusterhausen and Zossen , a small part around the city of Teltow was assigned to the Potsdam district and a small part around the city of Trebbin was assigned to the Luckenwalde district .

Federal Republic of Germany

Today's Teltow-Fläming district was created on December 6, 1993 from the three districts of Jüterbog , Luckenwalde and Zossen.

Population development

year	Residents	source
1750	24,018
1800	33,231
1846	62.094
1871	107,362
1890	221.960
1900	268.187
1910	438.918
1925	122,572
1933	149.386
1939	169,656
1946	175,551

District administrators

1655–1682 00Otto von Hake 1682–1712 00Cuno Hans von Wilmersdorf 1714–1717 00Otto Ludwig von Otterstedt 1717–1749 00Hans Georg von Otterstedt 1749–1770 00Johann Otto von Wilmersdorf 1770–1790 00Alexander Gustav von der Liepe 1791–1819 00Wilhelm von Hake 1819–1822 Ernst von Bandemer00 1822–1851 00Leopold von Albrecht (1797–1873) 1851 Jérôme von Schlotheim (acting)0000000 1851–1862 Leo von dem Knesebeck (1808–1883)00

1862–1870 Ernst von Gayl (1832–1895)00 1870–1885 Nicolaus von Handjery (1836–1900)00 1885–1908 Ernst von Stubenrauch (1853–1909)00 1908–1931 Adolf von Achenbach (1866–1951)00 1931–1933 Wilhelm von Nathusius (1893–1952)00 1933–1936 Hans Koennecke (1896–1936)00 1936–1938 00Hellmuth Börnecke 1938–1945 00Serious to you 1945–1946 00Richard Meschkat 1947–1952 Carl Siebenpfeiffer (1903–1987)00

For the period between 1817 and 1835, the information relates to the Teltow-Storkow district .

Local constitution until 1945

The district of Teltow was divided into cities, rural communities and - until their almost complete dissolution in 1929 - manor districts . With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Law of December 15, 1933 and the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced at the municipal level on April 1, 1935 . After Mittenwalde, Teltow, Teupitz, Trebbin and Zossen, Nowawes in 1924 and Königs Wusterhausen in 1935 were elevated to town status. Nowawes was renamed Babelsberg in 1938 and became part of the independent city of Potsdam in 1939 .

cities and communes

Status 1945

In 1945 the following towns and communities belonged to the Teltow district:

Ahrensdorf Alexanderdorf Bestensee Blankenfelde Boddinsfelde Brusendorf Christinendorf Dabendorf Dahlewitz German Wusterhausen Diedersdorf Diepensee Egsdorf Eichwalde Fahlhorst Fernneuendorf Freidorf Gadsdorf Gallun Genshagen Glazov Glienick Gräbendorf Coarse Large berries Großbeuthen Great Kienitz Great Koris

Great Machnow Groß Schulzendorf Großziethen Güterfelde Gussow half Horstfelde Jühnsdorf Jütchendorf Kallinchen Candle village Kiekebusch Klausdorf Small berries Kleinbeuthen Klein Kienitz Klein Köris Kleinmachnow Klein Schulzendorf Kliestow Königs Wusterhausen , city Krummensee Kummersdorf Lindenbrück Soldering Löwenbruch Ludwigsfelde Ludersdorf

Märkisch Wilmersdorf Mahlow Mellensee Miersdorf Mittenwalde , city Moan Next Neuendorf Neuendorf Neuhof Nudow Nunsdorf Osdorf Pätz Philippsthal Ragow Rangsdorf Rehab Rotberg Ruhlsdorf Saalow Schenkendorf Schenkenhorst Schönefeld Beautiful oak Schöneweide Schünow Schulzendorf Schwerin

Selchow Senzig Siethen Sperenberg Sputenberg Sputendorf Staakow Stahnsdorf Struveshof Teltow , city Telz Teurow Teupitz , city Thyrow Potter Tornow Trebbin , city Waltersdorf Wassmannsdorf Wiesenhagen Wietstock Wildau Wünsdorf Zeesen Zernsdorf Zeuthen Zossen , city

In 1945 there were also the four manor districts of Kummersdorf Artillery Firing Range , Kummersdorfer Forest , Wusterhausener Heide and Zehrensdorf .

Communities dissolved before 1945

In addition to the incorporation into Berlin as part of the Greater Berlin Act, other communities in the Teltow district lost their independence by 1945:

• Babelsberg , on April 1, 1939, to the Potsdam urban district
• Big top and small top , to the municipality on 1 April 1938 Bestensee together
• Drewitz , on April 1, 1939, to the Potsdam district
• Funkenmühle , in Jachzenbrück in 1874
• Giesensdorf , in 1877 to Groß-Lichterfelde
• Green linden , moved to Köpenick in 1879
• Neu-Glienicke , to Altglienicke in 1893
• Neuendorf bei Nowawes (also Neuendorf bei Potsdam ), on April 1, 1907 in Nowawes
• Neubabelsberg , on 1 April 1938 in order to city Nowawes the same time in Babelsberg was renamed
• Kietz near Gröben , 1896 to Gröben
• Kietz near Köpenick , on April 1, 1898 in Köpenick
• Bohemian-Rixdorf and German-Rixdorf , to the municipality on January 1, 1874 Rixdorf together
• Alt-Schöneberg and Neu-Schöneberg , 1874 to the municipality Schöneberg together
• Schönow , 1894 to Zehlendorf
• Stolpe , 1898 at Wannsee
• Remote Wunsdorf and Next Wünsdorf , 1874 to the municipality Wunsdorf together

Name changes

• Dergischow was renamed Horstfelde on January 20, 1937 .
• Gütergotz was renamed Güterfelde on October 27, 1937 .
• Jachzenbrück was renamed Lindenbrück on October 20, 1937 .
• Mellen was renamed Mellensee in 1930 .
• Neuendorf bei Trebbin was renamed Wiesenhagen on January 8, 1938 .
• Klein Glienicke was renamed Neubabelsberg in 1925 .
• Rotzis was renamed Rotberg on January 8, 1938 .
• Schenkendorf near Großbeeren was renamed Schenkenhorst on January 8, 1938 .
• Sputendorf bei Töpchin was renamed Sputenberge on January 8, 1938 .
• Wendisch Wilmersdorf was renamed Märkisch Wilmersdorf on October 20, 1937 .
• Hoherlehme was renamed Wildau in 1922 .
• The Berlin suburbs Britz, Friedenau, Grunewald, Johannisthal, Lankwitz, Mariendorf, Marienfelde, Niederschöneweide, Schmargendorf, Steglitz, Tempelhof and Treptow were given the suffix "Berlin-" in 1912. The community of Groß-Lichterfelde was renamed Berlin-Lichterfelde.

literature

• Hermann Cramer: The districts of Sternberg, Lebus, Beeskow-Storkow and Teltow (= contributions to the history of mining in the province of Brandenburg. Volume 1). Reprint of the edition of Verlag der Buchh. des orphanage, Halle 1872–1976: Becker, Potsdam 2011, ISBN 978-3-88372-000-5 .

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Teltow  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• On the development of Nowawes
• Full text of the Teltower Kreisblatt 1856–1896 in the newspaper information system (ZEFYS) of the Berlin State Library
• Digital copies of some editions of the Teltower Kreisblatt (1856–1896) in the newspaper information system (ZEFYS) of the Berlin State Library

Individual evidence

1. ^ Ingo Materna, Wolfgang Ribbe (ed.): Brandenburg history . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-05-002508-5 , Boundaries and Administrative Structure, p. 32 ff . ( Digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
2. ^ Johann Heinrich Jacobi: Geographical-statistical-historical tables . Ernst Felisch, Berlin 1794 ( digitized version ).
3. ↑ Friedrich Herzberg: Brief outline of the geography of the royal Prussian states . Publishing house of the bookstore of the Königliche Realschule, Berlin 1790 ( digitized version ).
4. ↑ Announcement due to partial restoration of earlier district boundaries in relation to the administrative districts of Potsdam and Frankfurt. Official gazette of the Royal Government of Potsdam and the City of Berlin, year 1835, item 51 of December 11, 1835, p. 318.
5. ^ Federal Statistical Office: Municipalities 1994 and their changes since 01.01.1948 in the new federal states. Metzler-Poeschel, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7
6. ^ ^{A b} Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring : Statistical-topographical description of the entire Mark Brandenburg . tape 2 . Friedrich Maurer, Berlin 1805, chap. Teltow district, S. 327 ff . ( Digitized version ).
7. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. S. 313 ( digitized version ).
8. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Province of Brandenburg and their population in 1871
9. ^ ^{A b c d e f} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Teltow district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
10. ↑ 1946 census
11. ↑ Lieselott Enders , Margot Beck: Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg . Teltow district. tape IV . Klaus-D. Becker, Potsdam 2011, ISBN 978-3-941919-81-5 , Klein Glienicke, p. 85 ( digitized from Google Books [accessed April 4, 2016]).