Berlin-Schmöckwitz
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Schmöckwitz district of Berlin |
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| Coordinates | 52 ° 22 '40 " N , 13 ° 38' 57" E |
| height | ≈ 34 m above sea level NN |
| surface | 17.14 km² |
| Residents | 4424 (Dec. 31, 2019) |
| Population density | 258 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation | Oct. 1, 1920 |
| Post Code | 12527 |
| District number | 0915 |
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| Administrative district | Treptow-Koepenick |
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Schmöckwitz [ ˈʃmøːkvɪts ] is a Berlin district in the Treptow-Köpenick district . Until the administrative reform in 2001 it belonged to the Köpenick district . The former fishing village is now - due to its location in the water - a popular local recreation destination. The nearby campsites at Krossinsee and Zeuthener See also attract many tourists. A campus of the Japanese Teikyō University is located on the shores of Lake Zeuthen .
Location and surroundings
The southernmost point of the Treptow-Köpenick district and thus of Berlin is located in Schmöckwitz , this is in the Zeuthener See , the border between Berlin and Brandenburg runs in the middle of the elongated lake. The settlement area lies between forests and lakes. The ancient village Schmöckwitz is located at the confluence of several lakes, only accessible from the northern Grunau over the Adlergestell which continues over the Schmöckwitzer bridge into the easterly Schmöckwitzwerder to Wernsdorfer bridge, and with the tram line 68 of Grunau that on the banks of the Dahme at Karolinenhof over after Alt-Schmöckwitz continues.
The local corridor of Schmöckwitz is surrounded by forest and water, including the Langen See , Seddinsee , Zeuthener See , Großer Zug and Krossinsee. The colonies are each located on a flood-proof mountain range and - as excavations have shown - have been inhabited since ancient times. Compared to other districts in Berlin, Schmöckwitz is relatively sparsely populated.
Local division
- 09 Treptow-Köpenick district
- 0915 Schmöckwitz district
- Karolinenhof location
- Location of the Schmöckwitz settlement
- Location Schmöckwitzwerder
- Location of Rauchfangswerder
- 0915 Schmöckwitz district
history
The center of Schmöckwitz was originally on an island. On it built Slavs a round village . It was clear because its residents were fishermen. In 1375 Schmöckwitz was mentioned for the first time in the land book of Charles IV , namely as Smewitz / Smekewitz (later: Smeckwitz [1542], from 1652: Schmöckwitz ). The origin of the name is Slavic and was probably initially a name of a river. One possible interpretation is smokowic = 'Drachenbach' or 'Schlangenbach' because of the meandering water course around the island. In the land register, 15 fishermen's houses were listed for Smekwitz . There was also beekeeping. The German occupation, probably around 1230, is supported by the presence of a Schulzen who probably had to take care of the delivery of fish and honey to Köpenick Castle. There was even a mug .
Schmöckwitz remained a small village of fishermen and farmers until the 17th century . During the Thirty Years' War , a large part of Schmöckwitz was destroyed by fire in 1648. Schmöckwitz was still an island until 1751. In 1798/1799, today's village church was built on the foundations of a previous wooden building. From 1858 farmland and craftsmen are mentioned, from 1860 the first beginnings of industry (glue boiling and cotton wool factory).
The settlement of Rauchfangswerder by the tenant Martin Barnack took place in 1743. Karolinenhof was founded in 1785: the farmer Kersten named his farm after his wife Karoline. He cultivated 72 hectares of land that the community Schmöckwitz had leased. In 1895 the Berlin banker Albert Schappach founded the Carolinenhof terracing company and built a villa colony there.
The incorporation into Greater Berlin in the Köpenick district took place in 1920. In 1942, the Berlin tire plant was built in the forest on Adlergestell; among other things, part of the dunes in the forest were removed, of which only a few remains have survived. From 1919 the Schmöckwitz settlement was built on the northern edge of Eichwalde ; Here, arable and living areas were distributed primarily to soldiers returning home from the First World War .
The construction of the Schmöckwitz – Grünauer Uferbahn , today's tram line 68, was carried out between 1911 and 1912. The electric S-Bahn has been running between downtown Berlin and Grünau train station since November 6, 1928, improving transport connections. The connection from there is made by the aforementioned Uferbahn. The neighboring Eichwalde station, which had already been served by steam-powered suburban trains - which started from the Görlitz station in Berlin - was reached by the electric S-Bahn on April 7, 1951, as part of the extension of electrical operations to Königs Wusterhausen .
climate
The annual precipitation is 534 mm. The precipitation is in the lower third of the measuring points of the German Weather Service . Only eight percent show lower values. The driest month is March; it rains most in June. In the wettest month, around 1.7 times more rain falls than in the driest month. The seasonal fluctuations in precipitation are in the lower third. In only ten percent of all places, the monthly precipitation fluctuates less.
traffic
Schmöckwitz and Karolinenhof are connected to the local public transport network by tram line 68, which is replaced at night by the N68 night bus . From the tram terminus, bus line 168 runs as a feeder to Rauchfangswerder. Bus lines 733 and its extension 734 also run to Königs Wusterhausen via Wernsdorf and in the other direction via Zeuthen to Schönefeld Airport . In the summer months, a ferry runs from Schmöckwitz to the Krampenburg peninsula to the campsites north of the Dahme on the Große Krampe. On the village green that stood in Wilhelmine style built tram depot , which together with the historic tram burned it on 30 August, 2008. All lines, with the exception of bus lines 733/734 ( RVS LDS ), are operated by BVG .
The Schmöckwitz depot (on Adlergestell ) was operated as a depot for the Uferbahn between 1912 and 1926 and as a provisional depot for the BVG between 1945 and 1948 , after which it was only used as a depot . Until 2006, the site was still used by the local traffic monument preservation association as a workshop and depot for their historic vehicles. Today the listed car hall can no longer be used for the historic trams, as no switches were built into the line network during the track loop renovation in Alt-Schmöckwitz and the car hall is thus separated from the tracks of tram line 68.
literature
- The Berlin sociology professor Horst Bosetzky set a literary monument to Schmöckwitz (and the tram line 68 leading to Schmöckwitz) with his multi-volume family saga.
- Karl Hohmann: The Berlin fishing village Schmöckwitz through the ages. In: Yearbook for Brandenburg State History , ed. from the State Historical Association for the Mark Brandenburg , Berlin 1960, pp. 57-83 ( ISSN 0447-2683 )
See also
Web links
- BA Treptow-Köpenick - Schmöckwitz, information on the district, Treptow-Köpenick district office of Berlin
- Köpenick from A to Z - Schmöckwitz, information collection, Köpenick.Net, version 2005
- History of the OT Berlin-Schmöckwitz on the website of the local evangelical parish
Individual evidence
- ↑ Pronunciation: In addition to the standard wording, the first vowel "ö" is preferably spoken long (like old Smekewitz )
- ↑ Hans Weinert: The Mesolithic Partial Burial of Schmöckwitz near Berlin (original investigation from 1927). In: Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Anthropologie , Vol. 46, Issue 3, 1954, pp. 408-420
- ↑ Not to be confused with a round building in which the houses are gable .
- ^ Former tram depot in Berlin-Schmöckwitz burned out.
