Berlin-Johannisthal

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Johannisthal
district of Berlin
Alt-Treptow Plänterwald Baumschulenweg Oberschöneweide Niederschöneweide Johannisthal Altglienicke Bohnsdorf Grünau Schmöckwitz Friedrichshagen Müggelheim Rahnsdorf Köpenick Adlershof Brandenburg BerlinJohannisthal on the map of Treptow-Köpenick
About this picture
Coordinates 52 ° 26 '36 "  N , 13 ° 30' 8"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 26 '36 "  N , 13 ° 30' 8"  E
height ≈ 34  m above sea level NN
surface 6.54 km²
Residents 19,853 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density 3036 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation Oct. 1, 1920
Post Code 12487
District number 0904
Administrative district Treptow-Koepenick
Old town hall Johannisthal

Johannisthal is a district in the Treptow-Köpenick district of Berlin . Until the administrative reform in 2001 it was part of the former Treptow district .

The district is characterized by loose buildings. Johannisthal is probably named after the lord of the colonies, Chamber Councilor Johann Wilhelm Werner († 1754).

geography

location

The district of Niederschöneweide flows into the increasingly looser development of Johannisthal. Workers' settlements and the Schöneweide S-Bahn connection are located on the northeastern edge . In the south-east in the direction of Adlershof are the premises of the former Johannisthal airfield . To the southwest in the direction of Rudow , the area is limited by the A 113 and the Teltow Canal .

In the south and south-west of Johannisthal, the Berlin Wall was the border with West Berlin . To the northwest in the direction of Baumschulenweg lies the Königsheide , a wooded area, and to the southwest of it lies the Späthsfelde location .

The delimitation of the Johannisthal district changed twice in the 20th century:

In the course of border regulation of the administrative districts and police administrations by the State of Berlin on October 12, 1937, the areas south of the Lindhorst- and Akeleiweg (Schliemann-Siedlung) to the Teltow Canal from Rudow, the Späthsfelde settlement from Britz and Buckow to Johannisthal were surrounded.

With the decision of the district office of December 1997, the district boundaries in the Treptow district were changed in various places. The Späthsfelde settlement was newly attached to the Baumschulenweg district, and the southern half of the former Johannisthal airfield was incorporated into the Adlershof district with WISTA .

Settlements

  • Railway settlement (Friedrich-List-Straße, Südostallee)
  • Colonial official settlement (Am Alten Fenn, Oststrasse, Weststrasse, Breiter Weg)
  • Composers Quarter (Fielitzstrasse)
  • Schliemann settlement (Eisenhutweg)
  • Johannisthal-Süd (Sterndamm, Springbornstrasse, Stubenrauchstrasse)
  • Airfield settlement

history

From the foundation to the end of the Second World War

Former coat of arms of the rural community Johannisthal

The Johannisthal settlement was founded on the basis of the hereditary interest agreement between the Chamber Councilor Johann Wilhelm Werner and the Prussian state on November 16, 1753. Like the neighboring Adlershof , Johannisthal was therefore a result of internal colonization during the reign of Frederick II. The colonists included Seiler from the Palatinate .

In 1880 the previous stop on the Berlin-Görlitzer Railway , Johannisthal-Neuer Krug, was relocated to the southeast, converted into a train station and renamed Johannisthal-Niederschöneweide . From 1895 the station was called Niederschöneweide-Johannisthal . The current name Berlin-Schöneweide has been in effect since 1929 . In 1884 the place was given the title "Bad Johannisthal", which was quickly lost due to the increasingly dense development and the subsequent drying up of the spring . In 1901 the Johannisthal waterworks opened . Built in 1905-1906 the church designed by the Charlottenburg sculptor and architect Georg Roensch the in neo -held style town hall Johannisthal (now Sociocultural center and local history museum). In 1912 the rural community Johannisthal was renamed Berlin-Johannisthal .

Berlin-Johannisthal airfield, 1910

In 1909, the second German motorized airfield, the Johannisthal airfield , was opened in Johannisthal . On June 11, 1911, 25 pilots took off from Johannisthal on the German sightseeing flight , which led in 13 stages over 1854 kilometers to Cologne and back. The flight was limited to four weeks. Some of the pioneers of aviation in Germany started: Emile Jeannin (license No. 6), Eugen Wiencziers , (No. 8), Robert Thelen (No. 9) and Otto Lindpaintner (No. 9), the only one who made the first stage to Magdeburg . Benno König , who had flown almost the entire distance in his Albatros double-decker , was named the winner .

In 1913 here the crashed Zeppelin - airship LZ 18 from. In the period before the First World War , aircraft construction companies in particular settled on the edge of the airfield; aircraft such as the Rumpler-Etrich-Taube were built here.

The history of civil airmail in Germany began in Johannistal on February 5, 1919. From that day on, planes took off twice a day from Berlin-Johannisthal to transport mail - especially newspapers - from the capital to the meeting place of the constituent national assembly in Weimar . For the time being, this airmail connection could only be used by the members of the National Assembly, which had moved to the then Thuringian capital because of the revolutionary situation in Berlin . A few months later, this air mail line was also opened to the public.

The incorporation of Johannisthal to a district of Greater Berlin took place in 1920 through the Greater Berlin Act .

The Evangelical Church of Johannisthal was inaugurated in 1921 in a building on Sterndamm 92-96, which had previously served as a spa and cinema.

Between 1933 and 1945, the headquarters of the drug manufacturer Temmler was located on the southern edge of the airfield , where, among other things, it produced pervitin , which was classified as essential for the war effort .

From 1945 until the fall of the Berlin Wall

After the Second World War in 1945, the Red Army briefly used the airfield. In 1953, the first large-panel experimental building in the GDR was built in Johannisthal as a test building for the German Building Academy in Engelhardstrasse 11-13. Carl Fieger played a key role in the development of this project.

On August 13, 1961, the Berlin Wall separated the district from the neighboring West Berlin district of Neukölln . From 1986 to autumn 1989 the artillery regiment 26 and from 1986 the 1st and 2nd division of the 40th artillery brigade of the NVA were on the site at Groß-Berliner Damm 82-100 , using buildings and areas of the former Johannisthal airfield (among others the historic aircraft hangar) was stationed after the border guard regiment of the GDR border troops previously resident there had to vacate this location.

Since 1989

In 1995 the airfield was finally closed. The Johannisthal / Adlershof landscape park is located on a larger part of the area . On the northern edge of this landscape park, an area remained fallow until the 2010s. The Berlin Senate has a 2018 urban development plan published, to be built along the glider dam a "quality-full residential area" with 1,800 apartments by 2025 after here.

Since 2005, Johannisthal has been connected to the motorway network via the Stubenrauchstrasse junction on the A 113 .

In the course of the development work on the so-called track lens of the former Schöneweide marshalling yard from the Johannisthal district, the district boundaries were changed in June 2017, so that the area including the Schöneweide S-Bahn station no longer belongs to the Niederschöneweide district, but to Johannisthal.

Filmatelier Johannisthal and studio for dubbing

As a result of the Versailles Peace Treaty , in which the construction of aircraft was restricted, the Johannisthaler Filmanstalt GmbH (JOFA-ATELIER) was founded in the former factory halls of the airfield on January 20, 1920 . The owner of the site had some production halls converted by the engineer Willy Hackenberger. As the "largest film studio in the world" at the time, it developed into one of the most successful film studios in Germany under the management of the engineer Hanns Otto.

Almost 400 films were made here by 1930, including various classics :

In 1929 they switched to sound film and in the 1930s the studios were taken over by Tobis -Filmkunst GmbH.

Shortly after the end of the war in 1945, the dubbed version of Ivan the Terrible was produced on this site .

On May 17, 1946, DEFA took over the Tobis site in Johannisthal in addition to Ufa . In the same year, the first all-German post-war feature film The Murderers Are Among Us with Hildegard Knef in the lead role was made under the direction of Wolfgang Staudte .

From 1952 the DEFA Studio for Synchronization was established here , in which over 7000 films and series episodes were synchronized by 1989 .

In the film studios the "Johannisthal Group" of DEFA produced films such as Jakob der Lügner (1974), based on Jurek Becker (the only GDR production that was nominated for an Oscar in the category of best foreign language film ) or such successful music films as Hot Summer (1968) and comedy films The Man Who Came After Grandma (1972).

From the 1960s the studios were also used for East German television productions.

Selected streets

Joh. J. Winckelmann for his 250th birthday in the stamp series Famous Personalities of the namesake of Winckelmannstrasse

Personalities

See also

Web links

Commons : Berlin-Johannisthal  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ I can't anymore. I have to land. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , June 7, 2011, p. T6
  2. ↑ Ulrich Paul: Berlin is growing - the Senate is planning eleven new residential areas. The Berliners should have a say. In: Berliner Zeitung , May 29, 2018, p. 14.
  3. ↑ News in brief - Railway . In: Berliner Verkehrsblätter . No. 8 , 2017, p. 160 .
  4. ^ Film-Kurier , May 11, 1920
  5. ↑ a b JOFA-ATELIER, Johannisthal, Am Flughafen 6. In: Online publication Berliner Film-Ateliers. A little lexicon. Retrieved January 30, 2014 .
  6. ↑ The most successful films in the GDR , on insidekino.com with audience numbers
  7. ^ Filmography of the artistic work group "Johannisthal" , on the Internet Movie Database
  8. ^ School without racism . In: Neues Deutschland , May 25, 2013
  9. ↑ Alexander Kauther, Paul Wirtz: The cemetery and the pumping station in Berlin-Johannisthal . Series of documents, issue 18, on the Berlin-Johannisthal airfield 1909–1914, p. 7
  10. ↑ Ludwig Oehmigke: Topography of the lower courts of the Kurmark Brandenburg and the attached parts of the country . 1837, p. 121