Gregor Gysi

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Gregor Gysi at Maischberger in August 2019

Gregor Florian Gysi [ ˈɡiːzi ] (born January 16, 1948 in Berlin ) is a German lawyer , politician ( Die Linke ), author and moderator .

From the end of 1989 to 1993 Gysi was the last chairman of the SED-PDS and its successor party, the PDS. After the free election of the People's Chamber in 1990 , he led their parliamentary group in the People's Chamber of the GDR from March to October 1990, until formal German reunification . Subsequently, he was chairman of the Bundestag group of the PDS from 1990 to 1998 and chairman of the PDS parliamentary group from 1998 to 2000 . In 2002 he was for five months one of the deputy mayors and senators for economics, labor and women in a “red-red” coalition between the SPD and PDS in the Berlin Senate headed by Klaus Wowereit .

Gysi has been a member of the German Bundestag again since 2005 . From 2005 to 2015 he was chairman of the left parliamentary group there . During Merkel's third cabinet , from December 2013 to October 2015, he was also the leader of the opposition in the legislative period of the 18th Bundestag .

On December 17, 2016, the supranational European Left - an association of left-wing socialist to post-communist parties organized at the level of the European Union - elected him President at a party congress in Berlin.

Gregor Gysi was and is one of the central and most prominent personalities of the PDS and the party Die Linke and has had a formative influence on the political events in federal politics since the political change of 1989/1990 . One of his political successes was the transformation of the former GDR state party SED (to which he had belonged from 1967) to the PDS and, after its 2007 merger with the SPD spin-off WASG, finally to the left. With its increasing electoral successes and mandates in supra-regional parliaments, including in the western German states , Gysi made a significant contribution to the nationwide establishment of the party positioned to the left of the SPD and the Green Party.

Origin and family environment

Gregor Gysi comes from a Berlin family whose progenitor, the silk dyer Samuel Gysin (* 1681), immigrated from Läufelfingen ( Switzerland ) in the early 18th century . One of his ancestors on his father's side was the founder of German pedigree poultry breeding , Robert Oettel . Gysi also has Jewish ancestors, such as a Jewish great grandfather on her mother's side and a Jewish grandmother on her father's side. Gregor Gysi's father Klaus Gysi (1912–1999) was Jewish after Halacha , whereas Gregor Gysi himself was not. "According to the Nuremberg Race Laws, I am only 37.5 percent Jewish, according to the Jewish laws I am not a Jew at all because I have no Jewish mother." He himself is not a religious person at all.

Klaus Gysi, who studied economics, joined the KPD in 1931 and worked in the GDR after the Second World War . Among other things, he worked as manager of the Aufbau Verlag , later as ambassador to Italy, as GDR culture minister and state secretary for church issues . He also worked for the State Security as IM Kurt .

On the mother's side, Gregor Gysi's ancestors come from the Lessing Jewish merchant family, who came from near Bamberg and temporarily lived and worked in Saint Petersburg . His great-grandfather was the industrialist Anton Lessing , who emigrated to St. Petersburg , and his great-great-uncle was the founder of the Bamberg Hofbräu AG Simon Lessing . Gysi's maternal grandfather Gottfried Lessing, Anton Lessing's son, a metallurgical engineer living in Russia, married the German-Russian noblewoman Tatjana von Schwanebach. This marriage had two children: Gregor Gysi's mother Irene (1912–2007) and Gottfried Lessing (1914–1979), the second husband of Doris Lessing, who later won the Nobel Prize for Literature . After the outbreak of World War I , the family was expelled to Germany because of their German origins.

Gregor Gysi's parents stayed in Germany during the Second World War. The couple was on behalf of the KPD in the resistance against National Socialism and married in 1945; the marriage was divorced in 1958.

Irene Gysi was responsible for exchange with other countries in the GDR Ministry of Culture and later headed the East German branch of the International Theater Institute .

Life

education

Gregor Gysi was born in Berlin-Lichtenberg. He grew up in East Berlin in the Johannisthal district. There he attended a polytechnic high school from 1954 to 1962 , and from 1962 to 1966 the extended high school "Heinrich Hertz" (from 1965 school with a mathematical focus) in the Adlershof district . Here he obtained his Abitur in 1966 and at the same time completed his apprenticeship as a skilled worker for animal production with a specialization in cattle breeding at VEG Blankenfelde . Gysi then completed a law degree at the Humboldt University in Berlin from 1966 , which he completed in 1970 as a lawyer .

Legal career as a lawyer in the GDR and in the Federal Republic of Germany

Gysi 1990 with his lawyer colleague Lothar de Maizière ( CDU ), both members of the first freely elected People's Chamber in the GDR at the time of admission .

From 1970 to 1971 Gysi was an assistant judge. From 1971 Gysi was one of the few free lawyers in the GDR. In this role, he also defended system critics and those willing to leave the country, including well-known people such as Robert Havemann , Rudolf Bahro , Jürgen Fuchs , Bärbel Bohley and Ulrike Poppe . In 1976 he received his doctorate as Dr. jur. with the work on the perfection of socialist law in the legal realization process .

From April 1988 to December 1989 he was chairman of the college of lawyers in East Berlin and at the same time chairman of the council of chairmen of the 15 colleges of lawyers in the GDR. This function was a nomenclature cadre position that could only be filled with the consent of the Central Committee of the SED . On September 12, 1989, he was in Prague with the East Berlin lawyer Wolfgang Vogel to call on the GDR refugees to return to the GDR at the German embassy. In autumn 1989, before the political change in the GDR , Gysi worked as a lawyer for the approval of the opposition New Forum . From August 2002 until his re-election as a member of the Bundestag in 2005 and after his resignation as chairman of the Left Party in the German Bundestag in 2016, Gysi was and is again working as a lawyer in Berlin.

Political career as chairman of SED, PDS and the party Die Linke

Gysi on the SED special party of 9 December 1989th
Gysi at a PDS election rally in 1990.

Gysi had been a member of the SED since he was 20 (1967) . When he came into the public eye 22 years later (1989), he was working on a travel law. On November 4, 1989, Gysi spoke in front of 500,000 people at the mass rally on Berlin's Alexanderplatz and called for a new right to vote and a constitutional court . At the same time he solicited confidence in the new SED General Secretary Egon Krenz and recognized the SED to continue to play a leading role in the GDR. His eloquence and rhetorical talent quickly made him one of the media stars of the fall. From December 3, 1989 he was a member of the working committee for the preparation of the extraordinary party congress of the SED and was chairman of an internal party investigation committee.

At the special party congress of the SED-PDS on December 8, 1989, Gysi rejected the dissolution and re-establishment of the SED called for by many delegates as "highly irresponsible". He justified this with the danger of possible legal disputes over the party assets and impending unemployment for the 44,000 full-time employees of the SED. That's why the party name was not replaced, only supplemented. On December 16, 1989, at the continuation of the special party conference of the SED-PDS, Gysi spoke out in favor of cooperation between the two German states while fully preserving their sovereignty . At the same time, he took a firm stand against the “discrimination” and “persecution” of previous Stasi employees and their families. “Our party,” said Gysi, “will always stand up for the interests of citizens in uniform.” At the special party conference on December 9, 1989, 95.3 percent of the delegates elected him to be chairman of the SED. As party leader of the SED-PDS in the winter of 1989/90 Gysi was involved in ensuring that the SED was not dissolved and that its party assets and jobs within the party were preserved. Gysi held the party chairmanship of the PDS until January 31, 1993. He then worked first as deputy party chairman, then as a member of the party executive committee until he finally resigned from the party executive committee in January 1997.

On December 23, 2005 he also became a member of the WASG , just like Oskar Lafontaine also became a member of the left-wing party PDS. In doing so, both demonstratively made use of the possibility of double membership in the Left Party and in the WASG. Gysi has been a member of Die Linke since June 16, 2007; He is also a member of the party - affiliated Rosa Luxemburg Foundation . In December 2016 he was elected President of the European Left .

Mandates

Gysi at the Conference of the German Bundestag for the disabled in 2012

1990–2002 Member of the People's Chamber of the GDR and the German Bundestag: From March to October 1990, Gysi was a member of the first freely elected People's Chamber in the GDR, where he was parliamentary group leader of the PDS. As such, he became a member of the German Bundestag on October 3, 1990 , from which he resigned on February 1, 2002 to take up the post of Senator for Economics in Berlin. From 1990 to 1998 he was chairman of the PDS parliamentary group, then until October 2, 2000 chairman of the PDS parliamentary group.

2001–2002 MP and City Senator in Berlin: In 2001 Gysi became a member of the Berlin House of Representatives . On January 17, 2002, he became Mayor and Senator for Economics , Labor and Women of the State of Berlin in the Senate Wowereit II led by the Governing Mayor Klaus Wowereit . On July 31, 2002, he resigned from all offices as part of the bonus miles affair .

Member of the German Bundestag since 2005: For the 2005 Bundestag election , Gysi returned to federal politics as the top candidate of the Left Party. He was a direct candidate for constituency 85 Treptow-Köpenick and headed the state list of the Left Party Berlin. In the election he was able to prevail against his rival Siegfried Scheffler from the SPD and won 40.4 percent of the first votes cast directly in the Bundestag. Together with Oskar Lafontaine , he was elected leader of the left-wing parliamentary group on September 23, 2005.

He was also the top candidate for the Berlin state list in the 2009 Bundestag election . However, he was able to improve his first vote result in his constituency of Berlin-Treptow-Köpenick to 44.4 percent and thus moved into the Bundestag again by direct mandate. After Oskar Lafontaine's resignation, Gysi was appointed sole leader of the Left parliamentary group on October 9, 2009 with 94.7 percent, and was confirmed in office with 81.3 percent in 2011.

Gysi 2013 with Bundestag President Norbert Lammert ( CDU )

In the 2013 federal election , Gysi - again the top candidate on the Berlin state list - managed to defend his direct mandate again with 42.2 percent despite a slight loss of 2.2 percentage points. As in 2011, he successfully rejected Sahra Wagenknecht's ambitions for dual leadership in the parliamentary group and was re-elected sole chairman of the parliamentary group on October 9, 2013 at a parliamentary group retreat in Bersteland, Brandenburg . Because of the ruling grand coalition , he was opposition leader .

On June 7, 2015, he announced that he would not run again for the parliamentary group chairmanship of the Left. Accordingly, he resigned from both offices on October 12, 2015. His successors in the parliamentary group chairmanship and thus also in the opposition leadership were Dietmar Bartsch and Sahra Wagenknecht .

In the 2017 federal election , Gysi won his mandate as a direct candidate in the Berlin-Treptow - Köpenick constituency . He could not be covered by the state list. On May 5, 2020, he was elected by his parliamentary group as successor to Stefan Liebich as foreign policy spokesman, after he had already taken over his place on the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Bundestag in April . In the 19th legislative period he received (as of August 2020) at least 470,000 euros from secondary employment .

Allegations against Gysi after the reunification of Germany

Accusation of concealing SED assets

Gysi during a police investigation of the PDS party building on October 19, 1990 in Berlin.

At the special party congress of the SED from 8./9. and 16./17. December 1989 Gregor Gysi supported the continued existence of the SED under a new name ("SED-PDS") with the argument, among other things, that a dissolution and re-establishment would result in legal disputes over the party's assets and would be a serious economic threat to the party. Later he was accused by the Independent Commission for the Examination of the Assets of the Parties and Mass Organizations of the GDR of having been actively involved in the concealment of the assets of the SED parties and of attempting to move SED funds abroad with the help of the CPSU in the Putnik deal to secure them from access by government agencies. The investigation committee of the German Bundestag in 1998 on the whereabouts of the SED party assets stated that Gysi had remained silent during his questioning and thus, together with other PDS functionaries, had hindered the work of the committee.

Observation by the Office for the Protection of the Constitution

In January 2012 it became known that Gregor Gysi was one of 27 members of the Bundestag left under surveillance by the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution , which was criticized by politicians from all political groups .

After this surveillance was discontinued at the beginning of 2014, the Cologne Administrative Court determined in a recognition judgment in September 2014 that the Gysis personnel file should be destroyed.

Accusation of unofficial cooperation with the state security

The activity as an unofficial employee could not be proven in court and is denied by Gysi, but there are no doubts about the repeated cooperation with the Ministry for State Security .

1998 report of the Immunity Committee

According to the final report of the immunity committee of the German Bundestag, Gysi is said to have worked between 1975 and 1986 for the Ministry for State Security of the GDR under various aliases, mainly as an IM notary . In an earlier version of the final report it was stated that such evidence could not be provided on the basis of the existing documents.

The final report states, among other things, that Gysi has

“[...] used his prominent professional position as one of the few lawyers in the GDR to protect the political order of the GDR from his clients as a lawyer, including internationally known opposition members. In order to achieve this goal, he was involved in the strategies of the Stasi, took part in the operational processing of opposition activists and passed on important information to the Stasi. The State Security Service urgently relied on this knowledge to prepare its disintegration strategies. The aim of this activity with the involvement of Dr. Gysi was the most effective way of suppressing the democratic opposition in the GDR [...] "

- From the final report of the Bundestag committee to review the Abg. Dr. Gregor Gysi on a possible job for the Ministry for State Security of the GDR (1998).

Gregor Gysi commented on these statements in the final report as follows:

"[...] The courts regularly came after much more extensive investigations [d. H. than those of the committee] to the view that there is no evidence of an unofficial cooperation between me and the Stasi of the former GDR. [...] All in all, the committee has not been able to substantiate the allegations it is making against me. Such evidence cannot be obtained either because I never worked unofficially with the MfS. [...] Even with a positive assessment of the finding, only the explanation remains that the committee is pursuing a greater goal with its specific means and methods: my party and I are to be ousted from the German Bundestag. [...] "

- Gregor Gysi in his opinion on the final report of the parliamentary committee of inquiry to review a possible activity Gysi for the Ministry for State Security of the GDR (1998).

However, the findings of the immunity committee had no impact on Gysi's work as a member of parliament, who himself contradicted the accusation in the final report and pointed to "major shortcomings and errors" in the proceedings. The PDS and the FDP did not agree to the paper.

Gysi filed another lawsuit against the finding. He declared himself to cooperate with the public prosecutor's office and the Central Committee of the SED "in the interest and with the knowledge of his clients" and took legal action several times against the media dissemination of the claim that he was IM Gregor / IM notary . In 1998, the Hamburg Regional Court forbade the magazine Der Spiegel from claiming that Gregor Gysi had worked for the Stasi espionage department and was using the code name IM Notar there, because Spiegel was unable to prove his claims.

Gysis lawsuit against file publications in 2008

After ZDF broadcast an interview with Marianne Birthler on May 27, 2008 , in which she accused Gysi of a Stasi activity, Gysi took action against the broadcaster with an injunction.

Gregor Gysi, 2007

In May 2008, Gysi was unsuccessful in the Berlin administrative court with a lawsuit against the publication of several minutes about his former client Robert Havemann and - according to these reports - Thomas Klingenstein , née Thomas Klingenstein , who was “negatively disposed” towards the GDR leadership . Erwin. In one of the protocols there is talk of an “IM” driving a car with “Erwin”. The BStU and von Klingenstein himself refer to the report on the return trip from a visit to Havemann on October 3, 1979. ( "The IM took 'Erwin' into town and learned the following about the person ..." ).

The federal commissioner for the Stasi files, Marianne Birthler, explained that there was no doubt in her house that the IM could “only have been Gregor Gysi” according to the files. The ARD she said that there was evidence that Gysi had informed "knowingly and willingly" the Stasi. Klingenstein explained that he had not been with anyone except Gysi on the return trip, so the text could only refer to Gysi.

The unsuccessful lawsuit was also directed against the release of minutes in which the GDR head of state Erich Honecker had Gysi informed about his father that the latter should establish a relationship of trust with Havemann as his lawyer as part of the “legally consistent defense” of Havemann [ to] place with the aim that this will stop its external propaganda ”. This is accompanied by a tape report in first-person form about a conversation that Gysi had with Havemann in 1979. ("I once again suggested that he refrain from any publications in the West and limit himself to the GDR alone.") Gysi later withdrew the appeal, which was initially based on his legal professional secrecy.

Gysis public statements on the cause in 2008

Gysi continues to deny that he was active as an IM: he was first examined by the Stasi in 1980 because of the possibility of unofficial cooperation and finally found in 1986 "not suitable for investigating and combating underground political activity". “In September 1980, the Stasi prepared a preliminary run to check whether I could be considered an IM. Why such a run-up in 1980 when I was allegedly already IM in 1979? ”Gysi no longer rules out the content of the conversation with Thomas Erwin, however, not to the Stasi, but to the Central Committee of the SED”. He also achieved "significant improvements for Havemann, such as the lifting of house arrest or the prevention of further charges".

Havemann's son Florian has expressly defended Gysi in the matter. On May 28, 2008, he stated in an interview: "Regardless of the question of whether Mr. Gysi was IM, which I cannot judge, he acted in the interests of our father." On the other hand, Havemann's wife Katja uses the Stasi documents to identify Gysi's role into a different light - and also speaks about her certainty that he is clearly hiding behind IM Gregor and IM Notar .

Gysi questioned the credibility of the files: In another case, the Federal Commissioner had stated “that they should not investigate the discrepancies between the file content and actual events. The authority is also not authorized to evaluate documents and also not to establish truthfulness. "

Debate in the German Bundestag on the Gysi cause

On May 28, 2008, at the request of the CDU / CSU and SPD , the Bundestag dealt with the “Report from the documents of the Federal Commissioner for the Stasi documents, Marianne Birthler, about confidential discussions that Gregor Gysi 1979/1980 as GDR lawyer with clients led ". In the debate, members of the CDU, SPD, Greens and FDP demanded consequences in the form of an apology to the victims as well as Gysi's resignation from office.

The chairman of the left-wing parliamentary group , Oskar Lafontaine , demanded her dismissal as a consequence of Marianne Birthler's statements.

Birthler, on the other hand, affirmed that the files clearly show that Gysi had knowingly and willingly provided information to the Stasi. According to the Stasi Records Act, this is decisive for being considered a Stasi informant "regardless of whether a declaration of commitment exists or not".

Gysi obtained a ban on broadcasting a ZDF report on the Stasi allegations

Against the corresponding ZDF contribution, Gysi defended himself at the Hamburg Regional Court with an injunction to cease and desist and reply. After the Hamburg regional court ruled against Gysi in the first instance, the Hanseatic Higher Regional Court overturned the decision of the lower court. This was justified with an inadmissible suspicion reporting and insufficient research in advance. The ZDF appealed against this judgment. On September 4, 2009, the Hamburg Regional Court passed the verdict in the main proceedings, which forbids ZDF to arouse the suspicion through reporting in "heute-journal" on May 22, 2008 that Gysi had "knowingly and willingly reported to the Stasi" . The Hamburg Regional Court has therefore not imposed a general ban on the dissemination of Ms. Birthler's controversial statement, but limited the ban to the specific form of presentation in the program “heute-journal” on May 22, 2008. In the appeal proceedings on Gysis’s further application for an interim injunction, the Hamburg Higher Regional Court confirmed its judgment on September 8, 2009, in which the ZDF is forbidden from distributing Birthler's statements in a confirmatory manner. In the subsequent appeal hearing, this prohibition was confirmed in the judgment of March 23, 2010 by the Hamburg Higher Regional Court and an appeal was not permitted. A complaint by ZDF against the non-admission of this revision was rejected by the Federal Court of Justice on September 20, 2011 .

Gregor Gysi, 2011

The prosecutor's investigation expanded in 2013

Due to new information, the Hamburg public prosecutor has expanded its investigation against Gysi. It is being investigated because of a possibly false affidavit . Gysi had stated that "at no time did he knowingly and willingly have reported to the State Security about clients or anyone else".

The legal dispute over the first film The Gysi Files , which was broadcast on ARD in January 2011, ended with a settlement in which the NDR undertook not to show it again. The NDR authors Hans-Jürgen Börner and Silke König continued their research and presented further details on Gysi's GDR past - including Gysi's role in the cases of Rudolf Bahro , Robert Havemann , Thomas Klingenstein , Rolf Henrich - their second film Gysi and the Stasi broadcast the ARD in December 2013.

Justice scandal 2015: Public prosecutor refuses to bring charges against Gysi

After research by NDR, WDR and "Süddeutscher Zeitung" , the Hamburg Public Prosecutor Lutz von Selle gave instructions to indict Gregor Gysi. The charge was the suspicion that the affidavit he made on January 18, 2011 was untrue. The investigation began in early 2013. The starting point were advertisements by Vera Lengsfeld and a former judge. The responsible investigating public prosecutor refused to bring charges because there was insufficient suspicion and the instruction was therefore unlawful. The Hamburg judicial authority under Justice Senator Till Steffen , to whom the prosecutor had complained, overturned the instructions of the attorney general. Georg Mascolo and Hans Leyendecker from the Süddeutsche Zeitung and other journalists described the events as a unique scandal in the history of justice.

Discontinuation of the proceedings: there is no clearly incriminating evidence of Gysis being a Stasi employee

In June 2016, the case against Gysi was discontinued by the Hamburg public prosecutor. The affidavit in which he denied working for the Stasi could not be refuted by the public prosecutor. Although there were indications of a possible activity for the Stasi under the code names Gregor or Notary in the documents , these allowed different, sometimes contradicting interpretations, and no clearly incriminating material was found either through witness statements or the records of the Attorney General.

Political positions

Gregor Gysi (2013)
Gregor Gysi giving a speech for the state election 2018 in Hesse

In the 2013 election campaign, Gysi claimed that the occupation statute still applies in Germany . In an interview with Deutschlandfunk , Gysi called for an end to the occupation of Germany and the repeal of the occupation statute so that Germany could finally become a sovereign country. Gysi repeated these demands in interviews with Tagesspiegel , Phoenix and TV Berlin . In 2015 he answered the question whether Germany was still occupied with “no” and said that the Federal Republic of Germany was a sovereign state but did not behave like that, but did not comment on the occupation statute in this context.

In the course of the discussion about the Berlin / Bonn law , Gysi demanded that the capital be relocated exclusively to Berlin, as this is a symbol of "national credibility and international reputation", and there is no city in which reunification is so immediate do.

In the run-up to the toilet affair , Gysi banned an event critical of Israel in the parliamentary group rooms, within the party and also in numerous media, which was seen as a positioning in the anti-Semitism debate that was prevalent in the party at the time.

Gregor Gysi is committed to a nationwide uniform education system.

Gysi is campaigning for an end to Russia's sanctions.

In 2013 Gysi sharply criticized the federal government for not doing anything to prevent the Five Eyes from spying on citizens, politicians and companies in Germany. Edward Snowden deserved the Nobel Peace Prize. This speech in the Bundestag was named "Speech of the Year 2013" by the University of Tübingen.

In March 2012, Gysi wrote to the President of the Bundestag Norbert Lammert to name the new House of Representatives of the Bundestag at Wilhelmstrasse 65 in Berlin after the communist Clara Zetkin . "Your consistent fight against war and above all against the growing National Socialism" speak for this honor; in addition, Zetkin “ opposed Stalinization ”. In contrast, the historian Bert Hoppe emphasizes that Zetkin never publicly criticized the course of the KPD under Ernst Thälmann , which was tantamount to "submission to the Stalinist principles". There is also evidence that Zetkin acted as a prosecutor in a Moscow show trial of anti-social-revolutionary regime opponents in 1922, demanding the death penalty. In a letter to the Central Committee of the CPSU , Zetkin also praised the “ Red Terror ” carried out by Feliks Dzierżyński in Soviet Russia as “exemplary”.

Private

As a child, Gysi was temporarily used as a voice actor. His older sister Gabriele Gysi is an actress. She left the GDR in 1985 with an application to leave the country and has lived in the Federal Republic ever since.

Gysi's first marriage ended in a breakup in the early 1970s. In his second marriage, Gysi was married to the lawyer and politician Andrea Gysi since 1996 , from whom he had been separated since November 2010 and divorced in 2013. He has three children; a son from a first marriage, a daughter from a second marriage, and an adopted son.

After Gysi had already suffered two heart attacks in 2004 , he had to undergo an operation in November 2004 for a brain aneurysm . As a result of this procedure, he suffered a third heart attack.

He describes himself as not a believer and has no denomination .

Gysi lives in Berlin-Köpenick and is a member of 1. FC Union Berlin .

Others

Gysi has moderated the series of talks "Gregor Gysi meets contemporaries " at the Deutsches Theater Berlin since 2003 . There is an ad - computer game to Gregor Gysi called Captain Gysi: Galaxy Futura , where it is exposed to an apparently lifeless planet. Since 2015 he has moderated the annual review program Gysi und ... - The n-tv annual review on n-tv .

Awards

Fonts

literature

Documentaries

  • Hans-Jürgen Börner / Silke König : The Gysi Files , NDR 2010/11, 45 minutes, first broadcast on ARD January 20, 2011, 11:30 p.m.
  • Hans-Jürgen Börner / Silke König: Gysi and the Stasi. NDR 2013, 45 minutes, first broadcast on ARD December 16, 2013, 11:55 p.m.
  • Nicola Graef / Florian Huber : Gysi , MDR, 89 minutes, first broadcast on MDR January 14, 2018, 8:15 p.m.

Web links

Commons : Gregor Gysi  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikiquote: Gregor Gysi  - Quotes

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Gregor Gysi leads the European Left. In: zeit.de. December 17, 2016, accessed November 20, 2018 .
  2. ^ Stefan Hess : Gysin. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  3. ↑ Sebastian Beutler: Gregor Gysi has Görlitz ancestors. In: sz-online.de. October 20, 2017. Retrieved August 22, 2019 .
  4. ↑ Michael Wolffsohn : The Germany files. Jews and Germans in East and West. Facts and legends . Edition Ferenczy at Bruckmann Munich, Munich 1995. ISBN 978-3-76542-730-5 . See also: Heike Schmoll: The Germany Files . Review. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . No. 280 , December 1, 1995, pp. 13 ( faz.net [accessed April 21, 2019]).
  5. ↑ Because of Jewish ancestors - Gregor Gysi receives anti-Semitic emails. In: welt.de. November 15, 2013, accessed January 30, 2019 .
  6. ↑ David Ensikat: Obituaries: Irene Olga Lydia Gysi (born 1912) . In: tagesspiegel.de . June 21, 2007, accessed September 27, 2019.
  7. ^ Tilmann Lahme: Gregor Gysi - Doris Lessing's German nephew . In: faz.net . October 12, 2007, accessed November 28, 2019.
  8. ↑ Jens König : Irene Lessing, the sheltered daughter from a rich family - The mother: Gregor's Russian roots . In: berliner-kurier.de . August 1, 2005, accessed December 6, 2019.
  9. ↑ a b Irmgard Zündorf, Nadine Chmura, Regina Haunhorst: Gregor Gysi. Tabular curriculum vitae in the LeMO ( DHM and HdG )
  10. ^ Permalink to the data set in the catalog of the German National Library .
  11. ↑ On Gysi as the nomenclature cadre of the State and Legal Affairs department of the SED Central Committee under Klaus Sorgenicht see Christian Booß: In the golden cage. Between SED, State Security, Ministry of Justice and client - the GDR lawyers in the political process . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2017, ISBN 978-3-647-35125-4 , p. 164
  12. ↑ November 1989 / Speeches. Speeches at the Alexanderplatz demonstration on November 4, 1989. In: dhm.de. German Historical Museum Foundation , December 2009, accessed on November 16, 2019 .
  13. ↑ Hubertus Knabe in: Honeckers Erben. The truth about DIE LINKE. Propylaen, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-549-07329-2 , p. 118, quoted from: Lothar Hornbogen, Detlef Nakath, Gerd-Rüdiger Stephan: Extraordinary party conference of the SED / PDS. Berlin 1999, pp. 51, 61f.
  14. ↑ Hubertus Knabe in: Honeckers Erben. The truth about DIE LINKE. Propylaen, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-549-07329-2 , p. 127, quoted from: Lothar Hornbogen, Detlef Nakath, Gerd-Rüdiger Stephan: Extraordinary party conference of the SED / PDS. Berlin 1999, p. 337.
  15. ^ Severin Weiland: "Miles & More" affair - Berlin's Senator for Economic Affairs Gysi resigns. In: spiegel.de . July 31, 2002, accessed September 13, 2019 .
  16. ↑ Constituency results for the federal state of Berlin Constituency 084 - Berlin-Treptow - Köpenick: Preliminary results of the 2013 federal election. In: bundeswahlleiter.de. Archived from the original on September 25, 2013 ; accessed on March 23, 2019 .
  17. ↑ Cordula Eubel, Hans Monath: Leadership dispute among the Left - Sahra Wagenknecht becomes Gregor Gysi's “first deputy”. In: tagesspiegel.de . October 10, 2013, accessed April 9, 2020.
  18. ↑ Make something of it all! - Speech by Gregor Gysi, chairman of the DIE LINKE parliamentary group in the German Bundestag. In: Archive die-linke.de. July 6, 2015, accessed March 22, 2019 .
  19. ↑ Last speech as parliamentary group leader - Gysi criticizes “discrimination and injuries” in the Bundestag. In: spiegel.de . October 2, 2015, accessed April 13, 2020.
  20. ^ The Federal Returning Officer : Results Berlin-Treptow-Köpenick - The Federal Returning Officer. Retrieved September 25, 2017 .
  21. ↑ Frederik Bombosch: Bundestag election 2017: Petra Pau is the top candidate of the Berlin Left - Evrim Sommer on the list. In: berliner-zeitung.de . April 1, 2017, accessed June 30, 2020.
  22. ↑ Stefan Vetter: Analysis - Left brings Gysi back from the back bench. In: saarbruecker-zeitung.de. May 5, 2020, accessed June 5, 2020 .
  23. ↑ Michael Sontheimer, Sven Röbel, Marcel Pauly, Nicola Naber, Ann-Katrin Müller, Timo Lehmann, Sven Becker: How independent are our MPs? In: spiegel.de. August 7, 2020, accessed on August 8, 2020 (registration required).
  24. ↑ Lothar Hornbogen, Detlef Nakath, Gerd-Rüdiger Stephan: Extraordinary party conference of the SED / PDS. Berlin 1999, pp. 51, 61f.
  25. ↑ a b Decision recommendation and report of the 2nd committee of inquiry according to Article 44 of the Basic Law. (PDF; 50.5 MB) Printed matter 13/10900. In: dipbt.bundestag.de. German Bundestag - 13th electoral term, May 28, 1998, pp. 201–208, 359 , accessed on June 7, 2020 .
  26. ^ Johannes Korge: Secret Service: The Protection of the Constitution observed 27 left-wing MPs. Spiegel Online , January 22, 2012.
  27. ↑ Supervision of MPs “unbearable”. In: tagesschau.de . January 22, 2012, archived from the original on January 16, 2013 ; Retrieved October 26, 2013 .
  28. ↑ Verfassungsschutz reacts to judgment, left-wing MPs without observation ( Memento from October 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Tagesschau.de, from March 14, 2014 (web archive)
  29. ↑ Gysi files must be deleted . ( Memento from September 5, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Tagesschau website, September 5, 2014. Accessed September 5, 2014.
  30. ↑ a b Report of the Committee on Election Review, Immunity and Rules of Procedure (1st Committee) (PDF; 2.5 MB) German Bundestag, May 29, 1998.
  31. ↑ Minutes of the plenary 14/198. (PDF; 2.7 MB) German Bundestag, November 8, 2001, p. 111.
  32. ↑ Gysi wins trial against ZDF. In: Meedia . September 27, 2011, accessed May 12, 2020.
  33. ↑ Mechthild Küpper: Did Gregor Gysi help the Stasi? - Havemann's "Postman to the Central Committee". In: faz.net . May 28, 2008, accessed September 10, 2019 .
  34. ^ Peter Wensierski : GDR past: Stasi files put Gysi in distress. Spiegel Online , May 20, 2008.
  35. ^ Press release by Gregor Gysi from May 22, 2008 ( Memento from May 31, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  36. ↑ a b Speech Gregor Gysis before the German Bundestag (in the context of the current hour on himself) on May 28, 2008 ( Memento from December 11, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  37. ↑ Esther Geisslinger, Veit Medick : Gysi defends himself against IM suspicion . taz , May 22, 2008.
  38. ^ ARD, report from the party congress of the Left Party ( Memento of October 17, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) May 25, 2008.
  39. ↑ Florian Havemann on the "Mitteldeutsche Zeitung", quoted in: Current hour on the Gysi case: "Didn't need any contact with the State Security" . In: FAZ , May 29, 2008.
  40. ↑ a b Hans-Jürgen Börner , Silke König: History in the First: Gysi and the Stasi - A Politician in Twilight , in the ARD Mediathek, NDR 2013, 45 minutes, first broadcast on December 16, 2013, 11:55 p.m. in the First - Katja Havemann zu Gysi as IM Gregor and IM Notary from approx. 20 minutes (from the, initially, "forbidden" documentary The Gysi Files 2010/11)
  41. ↑ Minutes of the plenary 16/162. (PDF) German Bundestag , May 28, 2008, pp. 17093–17106 , accessed on March 19, 2010 (0.9 MB).
  42. ↑ Severin Weiland, Peter Wensierski : Stasi allegations against Gysi: The man in the shadow. Spiegel Online , May 28, 2008.
  43. ^ Oskar Lafontaine: Birthler withdraw. Press release of the parliamentary group “Die Linke”. In: linksfraktion.de. May 28, 2008, accessed February 20, 2020 .
  44. ↑ Birthler on Gysi: You became a Stasi spy even without a declaration of commitment. Interview by Severin Weiland and Peter Wensierski . Spiegel Online , June 2, 2008.
  45. ↑ ZDF achieves important success in court for freedom of reporting. heute.de, July 2, 2008, accessed December 18, 2012 .
  46. ↑ Hamburg Regional Court, Az. 324 O 836/08. Judgment. (No longer available online.) In: openjur.de. September 4, 2009, archived from the original on October 3, 2009 ; accessed on May 19, 2019 .
  47. ^ Gysi vs ZDF . (PDF) Press release from ZDF, September 4, 2009
  48. ↑ OLG Hamburg · Judgment of September 8, 2009 · 7 U 25/09. In: openjur.de. Archived from the original on August 20, 2011 ; accessed on May 25, 2019 .
  49. ^ Higher Regional Court Hamburg prohibits ZDF Stasi claims about Gregor Gysi. September 8, 2009, accessed December 18, 2012 .
  50. ↑ Hamburg Higher Regional Court: reporting on possible Stasi activities , telemedicus.info, March 23, 2010
  51. ^ Hendrik Thalheim: Even the Federal Court of Justice gives Gysi against ZDF right. Press release of the parliamentary group “Die Linke”. In: presseportal.de. September 26, 2011, accessed June 5, 2019 .
  52. ↑ New references to Stasi contacts. Prosecutor extends investigation against Gysi. In: Focus . 20th October 2013.
  53. ↑ a b c Peter Wensierski: ARD documentary about the left-wing politician and the Stasi - the other Gysi. In: spiegel.de. December 16, 2013, accessed April 7, 2019 .
  54. ^ Sven Felix Kellerhoff , Uwe Müller : It's getting tight for Gregor Gysi - GDR regime critics accuse the left-wing faction leader of his Stasi contacts , Die Welt December 16, 2013
  55. ^ Sven Felix Kellerhoff, Uwe Müller: Stasi allegations: Investigations against Gysi are about to be concluded , Die Welt December 16, 2013
  56. ↑ Media report: Dispute in the Hamburg judiciary over charges against Gysi. In: Spiegel Online . Retrieved April 3, 2016 .
  57. ^ Georg Mascolo , Hans Leyendecker : Alleged Stasi past: Justice scandal about charges against Gysi. In: sueddeutsche.de. May 20, 2015, accessed September 6, 2018 .
  58. ↑ Investigations against Gysi posted on: Tagesschau.de, June 13, 2016, accessed on June 14, 2016
  59. ↑ Gysi: “But what I also find astonishing is that the occupation statute still applies. Isn't it about time we became sovereign as a country and the occupation ended? To do this, the occupation statute would also have to be repealed. Now they have just canceled the administrative agreement between the secret services, that is not enough. We no longer need an occupation statute, Germany must end that. ” Gregor Gysi in conversation with Gerhard Schröder . Deutschlandfunk, August 4, 2013.
  60. ↑ Gregor Gysi in an interview - "If it came down to it, we would be more disciplined than the SPD". In: tagesspiegel.de . August 13, 2013, accessed July 7, 2020.
  61. ^ NSA affair: Gregor Gysi on August 8, 2013 . Phoenix , August 8, 2013.
  62. ↑ TV Berlin from minute 6:12 election '13 with Gregor Gysi . TV Berlin , August 14, 2013.
  63. ^ Gregor Gysi - Jung & Naiv: Episode 234 . Jung & Naiv , May 26, 2015
  64. ^ Sandra Schmid: Historical Debates (12): Bonn or Berlin? In: bundestag.de. August 14, 2017, accessed July 25, 2020 .
  65. ↑ Israel and the Left - Gysis Uninvited Guests. In: zeit.de. November 11, 2014, accessed May 5, 2020 .
  66. ↑ Miriam Hollstein: In the Bundestag: Gysi flees from anti-Zionists on the toilet . In: THE WORLD . November 11, 2014 ( welt.de [accessed May 1, 2020]).
  67. ↑ Gysi demands after an incident in the Bundestag: Put the lid on "toilet affair". Retrieved May 1, 2020 .
  68. ↑ DIE LINKE parliamentary group. in the Bundestag: Gregor Gysi, DIE LINKE: Achieving equal opportunities for children on YouTube , January 27, 2011, accessed on May 9, 2020 (speech by Gregor Gysi to the Bundestag).
  69. ↑ Change through rapprochement. Retrieved May 1, 2020 .
  70. ^ Gregor Gysi (Die Linke) in the Bundestag on November 18, 2013 on Germany's non-sovereignty and the NSA scandal.
  71. ↑ Speech of the year 2013 to Gregor Gysi. Press release. In: rhetorik.uni-tuebingen.de. December 20, 2013, accessed April 3, 2019 .
  72. ^ Gregor Gysi: Letter to President of the Bundestag Norbert Lammert. In: linksfraktion.de. March 8, 2012, archived from the original on December 2, 2013 ; accessed on July 25, 2019 .
  73. ^ Hoppe, Bert: In Stalin's allegiance. Moscow and the KPD 1928-1933 . Munich 2007, p. 58 .
  74. ^ Müller, Reinhard: "Friends of the Soviet Union". Voluntary blindness and organized delusion . In: Haarmann, Hermann / Hartmann, Anne (ed.): "On to Moscow!" Travel reports from exile. Baden-Baden 2018, p. 189–217, here p. 194 f .
  75. ↑ Clara Zetkin: For the Soviet Power - Articles, Speeches and Letters 1917-1933 . Dietz, Berlin 1977, On the death of Felix Dzierzynski , p. 386–387 ( marxists.org [accessed November 21, 2019] First published in Pravda No. 167, July 23, 1926).
  76. ↑ Jens König : Gregor Gysi. A biography . Rowohlt, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-87134-453-2 , p. 77.
  77. ↑ Matthias Meisner : Gysi and Wagenknecht: Separate pair skating . In: tagesspiegel.de . September 3, 2013, accessed February 2, 2020.
  78. ↑ Dr. Gregor Gysi. In: linksfraktion.de . Retrieved March 25, 2020.
  79. ↑ After 14 years: Gregor Gysi separates from his wife. In: express.de . November 24, 2010, accessed February 27, 2020.
  80. ↑ Gregor Gisy: "I fear a godless society" . In: The time . No. 13 , 2018 ( zeit.de [accessed on August 10, 2018]).
  81. ↑ Dr. Gregor Gysi, Die Linke. Biography. In: bundestag.de. Retrieved August 10, 2018 .
  82. ↑ Frank Willmann: Gregor Gysi: “I'm not a believer, but at Union we have soccer gods”. In: berliner-zeitung.de. January 7, 2018, accessed March 9, 2019 .
  83. ↑ Speechwriters Association evaluates general assembly appearances. Press release. In: vrds.de. Association of Speechwriters in the German Language, September 10, 2013, accessed on February 6, 2020 .
  84. ↑ Ulrich Gerecke: At the start of the wine festival: Gregor Gysi was beaten as an Oppenheim wine knight. In: Allgemeine-zeitung.de . August 12, 2016, accessed January 21, 2020 .
  85. ↑ Richard Derichs: Gysi was beaten to a knight of the order "against seriousness". In: wdr.de. February 12, 2017, archived from the original on February 12, 2017 ; accessed on January 13, 2020 .
  86. ↑ Big mouth, a lot behind it: Gregor Gysi is recognized for his sharp tongue. In: blick-aktuell.de. August 1, 2017, accessed November 9, 2019 .
  87. ↑ Michael Hanfeld: On TV: "The Gysi Files" - Stasi? A difficult subject. In: faz.net. January 20, 2011, accessed April 18, 2019 .
  88. ^ Matthias Lohre: "Gysi" - The human exclamation mark. In: zeit.de. January 14, 2018, accessed March 29, 2019 .
personal data
SURNAME Gysi, Gregor
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gysi, Gregor Florian (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lawyer, politician (PDS, Die Linke), MdV, MdB
DATE OF BIRTH January 16, 1948
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin