Jürgen Fuchs (writer)
Jürgen Fuchs (* 19th December 1950 in Reichenbach im Vogtland ; † 9. May 1999 in Berlin ) was a German writer , civil rights activists and representatives of the opposition in the GDR , who even after his Zwangsausbürgerung by the Stasi in the West continue to monitor and decomposition measures was fought.
Life
Jürgen Fuchs came into conflict with the GDR authorities early on . His critical expressions of opinion during the student protests and the Prague Spring in 1968 were punished by the school administration. In 1969, Fuchs graduated from high school and then did his basic military service with the NVA . Since he was initially denied access to studies, he initially completed a skilled worker qualification at the Deutsche Reichsbahn in the same year .
Since he had called the school board as "politically unreliable", it took an entry before he studies in social psychology at the 1971 University of Jena could begin. In 1973 he became a member of the SED . He wrote poetry and worked with the Working Group literature and poetry Jena to Lutz Rathenow together. After appearing together with Bettina Wegner and Gerulf Pannach , the lyricist of the band Renft , he was expelled from the SED and the FDJ in 1975 . Shortly before graduation - the diploma thesis had already been rated "very good" - Jürgen Fuchs was condemned for his poems and prose works by the disciplinary committee of the University of Jena under Professor Paul for "exclusion from all universities, colleges and technical schools of the GDR" and politically forcibly de-registered. A job as a psychologist was no longer possible for him.
In Jena Jürgen Fuchs met the psychology student Lieselotte Uschkoreit ("Lilo"), they married in 1974. In 1975 their daughter Lili was born. After his political de-registration on June 17, 1975, the family moved into Katja and Robert Havemann's garden house in Grünheide near Berlin. Fuchs worked in a church welfare institution. After protests against the expatriation of Wolf Biermann , Jürgen Fuchs was on 19 November 1976 because of " State Enemy baiting arrested" two days before Gerulf Pannach and Christian Kunert whose band Renft had been banned in the fall 1975th After 281 days of imprisonment in the prison of the Ministry for State Security in Berlin-Hohenschönhausen and international protests, Pannach, Fuchs and Kunert were forced to leave the country in 1977 under threat of long prison sentences and deported to West Berlin . In his book Interrogation Protocols , Fuchs recounts the interrogations from prison from memory. The Stasi files later confirmed his account. The historian Hubertus Knabe wrote: "If you read the 88 interrogation protocols and the more than 60 pages of interrogation plans, you are still shocked today by the mercilessness with which the Stasi employees pestered the young author."
In West Berlin, Jürgen Fuchs worked as a freelance writer and since 1980 also as a social psychologist in the project Treffpunkt Waldstrasse , a contact and advice center for problem young people. Heinrich Böll , Manès Sperber , Rudi Dutschke , Heinz Brandt , Herta Müller , Hans Joachim Schädlich , Adam Zagajewski and Manfred Wilke were among his friends. He was involved in the peace movement and kept in touch with the independent peace and citizens' movement in the GDR , the Czech Charter 77 and the Polish Solidarność and discussed taboos of real socialism such as state security and the ransom of prisoners. The Ministry for State Security of the GDR (MfS) initiated an investigation ( ZOV "Opponent") against Jürgen Fuchs in 1982 and exposed him and his surroundings to numerous " disruptive measures ". These included a bomb attack in front of his house in 1986 and the sabotage of the brake hoses on his car. Planning by Department VIII of the MfS for observation and transit traffic from 1988 saw, as Stasi documents describe it, the temporary attachment of an unspecified, "required object ... for a specific measure" in the ventilation shaft under the house entrance door of Fuchs by the West Berlin IM " Genoa ” , but the order was withdrawn.
Since the fall of the Berlin Wall, Jürgen Fuchs has made particular efforts to clear up the crimes of the Stasi. Since 1991 he has worked temporarily in the field of education and research for the officer responsible for the records of the State Security Service of the former GDR , whose advisory board he left in 1997 in protest against the employment of former Stasi employees. In the same year he got leukemia . On January 2, 1992, he was one of the first to be allowed to inspect her Stasi files.
Jürgen Fuchs caused a sensation and criticism in December 1991 when he used the term “Auschwitz in the Souls” to describe what the State Security had achieved with political imprisonment and “disruptive measures” against at least six million people in the GDR. The poet and songwriter Wolf Biermann , son of the Jewish communist Dagobert Biermann who was murdered in Auschwitz and also a target of "disruptive measures" by the State Security, explicitly defended him.
Fuchs died in 1999 as a result of his illness. His illness-related death fueled the suspicion that he had been deliberately exposed to gamma rays as a prisoner of the Stasi . His friend Wolf Biermann wrote: “His death at the age of 48 is one of the clues. Fuchs died of a blood cancer that indicates radiation damage. ”The then Federal Commissioner for Stasi Records, Joachim Gauck, initiated a scientific investigation. After extensive research, the Gauck authorities could not determine that radioactive substances or X-rays were used specifically to damage opposition members. However, the investigation revealed various frivolous uses of radioactive substances by the state security, for example for the marking of banknotes that were sent in letters and were intended to investigate postal theft, or for the radioactive marking of manuscripts of the SED critic Rudolf Bahro . Fuchs found his final resting place in the Berlin Heidefriedhof (grave site D VII 335/36).
Works
- Memory Protocols , 1977, ISBN 3-499-14122-1
- Interrogation Protocols , 1978, ISBN 3-499-14271-6
- Daily Notes , 1979, ISBN 3-499-25126-4
- Cardboard Comrades , 1981, ISBN 3-499-25152-3
- Fassonschnitt , 1984, ISBN 3-499-12480-7
- Interfering in Own Affairs , 1984, ISBN 3-499-15357-2
- The End of a Cowardice , 1988, ISBN 3-499-13199-4
- Guests come and go or The Sale of the Regional Children , 1989, ISBN 3-926409-77-0
- "... and when will the hammer come?" , 1990, ISBN 3-86163-015-X
- Landscapes of Lies , writers in the Stasi network:
- Part I: The "Operational Process" Fuchs . In: Der Spiegel . No. 47 , 1991, pp. 280-291 ( Online - Nov. 18, 1991 ).
- Part II: Pegasus, spider, jellyfish, apostle . In: Der Spiegel . No. 48 , 1991, pp. 72-92 ( Online - Nov. 25, 1991 ).
- Part III: "Decomposition" until death . In: Der Spiegel . No. 49 , 1991, pp. 94-108 ( Online - Dec. 2, 1991 ).
- Part IV: “Action Counter Strike” in the name of peace . In: Der Spiegel . No. 50 , 1991, pp. 103-121 ( online - December 9, 1991 ).
- Part V: Against the “counter-revolution” in Poland . In: Der Spiegel . No. 51 , 1991, pp. 118-130 ( online - 16 December 1991 ).
- Dumb schooled? A student and his teacher , 1992, ISBN 3-86163-047-8 .
- Today's better knowledge - Now you can talk loudly and confidently. Speech for the public hearing of the study commission “On the discussion of the two dictatorships in Germany in the past and present” on May 4, 1994, in: Horch and Guck , H. (1994), pp. 31–33.
- 75–78.pdf Easy, easy, dear contemporary! or Die “over-shadowed” democracy (PDF; 42 kB), in: Horch and Guck , H. 17 (4/1995), pp. 75–78.
- Decomposition of the Soul , 1995, ISBN 3-88022-365-3 .
- Magdalena , 1998, ISBN 3-499-22618-9 Excerpt from “Magdalena” , in: Horch and Guck , H. 49 (2004), pp. 51–52.
- Dissidents, Presidents and Greengrocers: Czech and East German Dissidents 1968–1998 , ed. by Doris Liebermann , Jürgen Fuchs and Vlasta Wallat. Essen, Klartext-Verlagsgesellschaft, 1998, ISBN 978-3-88474-678-3 .
- The arms turned backwards , poem (summer 1989), in: Horch and Guck, H. 26 (2/1999), pp. 7–8.
- Writing sample. Early poems . Presented by Edwin Kratschmer , 2001, ISBN 3-89739-132-5 .
- You make speed, Matthias (April 1996), in: Horch and Guck, special issue 1 (2003) Matthias Domaschk , pp. 26–32.
- The end of a cowardice . With an introduction by Herta Müller and a song by Wolf Biermann . Edited by Doris Liebermann . Audiobook, 2 CDs, Audiobook Hamburg 2010/2011, ISBN 978-3-89903-089-1 .
- Landscapes of Lies . Conversations with Jürgen Fuchs. With a foreword by Roland Jahn . Edited by Doris Liebermann . Audiobook, 2 CDs, Audiobook Hamburg 2013, ISBN 978-3-89903-396-0 .
- For us who we still hope . Songs by Gerulf Pannach & Christian Kunert . Prose by Jürgen Fuchs. Leipzig 1976, West Berlin 1977. Edited by Doris Liebermann and Bodo Fahrt. Audiobook, 3 CDs, Label Marktkram 2013.
Awards
- 1977: International Press Award
- 1982: Marburg Literature Prize
- 1987: Thomas Dehler Prize from the Federal Ministry for Internal German Relations (together with Sascha Anderson )
- 1988: German Critics' Prize for Literature
- 1999: Hans Sahl Prize (posthumous)
Honors
In the year of his death, Jürgen Fuchs was posthumously awarded the Hans Sahl Prize for his life's work .
At the request of the Thuringian state parliament, the new access road to the main gate was named after the deceased writer and GDR civil rights activist Jürgen Fuchs on December 20, 2002 as a commemoration and in honor of the latter .
A library in his home town of Reichenbach in Vogtland has been named after him since 2001. On May 9, 2011, the 12th anniversary of his death, a previously unnamed square in Berlin-Dahlem, at Königin-Luise-Strasse and the corner of Arnimallee , was named Jürgen-Fuchs-Platz . The laudators were Wolf Biermann and Ralph Giordano . On the same day, at a memorial event in the Thuringian state parliament with Nobel Prize winner Herta Müller, a multimedia stele developed by students was unveiled.
Literary figure
- The writer Reiner Kunze lets Jürgen Fuchs appear in a story of his prose volume The wonderful years published in Germany in 1976 . In it, the protagonist Jürgen the narrator describes an attempt at spying by a female IM from the Stasi. This goes back to a true incident.
- In the satirical novel Der Barbier von Bebra (1996) by the writers Wiglaf Droste and Gerhard Henschel , Jürgen Fuchs is caricatured as a figure who barbs in the cellars of the Gauck authorities and is then killed by drowning in a barrel filled with Sulfrin. Jürgen Fuchs was already seriously ill with cancer at this point.
- After the death of his friend, Wolf Biermann wrote the song Jürgen Fuchs and published it on the CD Paradies uff Erden. A Berliner Bilderbogen , LiederProduktion Altona 1999 (Wolf-Biermann-Edition 20).
- In his immigrant novel “The Prince of Berlin” (Quadriga Verlag, Berlin 2000), the writer Marko Martin lets Jürgen Fuchs appear in the guise of a courageous social therapist; his volume of essays “Treffpunkt '89” (Wehrhahn Verlag, Hannover 2014) is dedicated to the memory of Jürgen Fuchs.
- The expatriate author Axel Reitel , who was friends with Jürgen Fuchs, set his poem “Headlight” to music in 1999 and published it on his CD “without knocking” on May 15, 2000.
- The Prague rock musician Mikoláš Chadima released the CD “Tagesnotizen” in 2002, for which he set poems from Jürgen Fuchs' poetry band of the same name to music.
- The writer Utz Rachowski portrayed Jürgen Fuchs in his essay "The colors of the early fox", published in the volume "Red 'mir nicht von Minnigerode", Dresden 2006.
- The Nobel Prize for Literature Laureate Herta Müller wrote the essay “The view of the small train stations” about Jürgen Fuchs, which she read for the audio book “Das Ende einer Feigheit” (Audiobook Hamburg 2010) and which in 2011 in her volume of essays “Always the same snow and always the same Onkel ”was published by Carl Hanser Verlag Munich.
literature
- Jürgen Fuchs, Klaus Behnke (ed.): Decomposition of the soul. Psychology and psychiatry in the service of the Stasi. European Publishing House, Hamburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-931705-35-0 .
- Ernest Kuczyński (ed.): In dialogue with reality. Approaches to the life and work of Jürgen Fuchs. Mitteldeutscher Verlag Halle (Saale) 2014, ISBN 978-3-95462-254-2 .
- Ernest Kuczyński (Ed.): Say what is! Jürgen Fuchs in the field of tension between interpretation, research and criticism, Neisse Verlag Dresden 2017, ISBN 978-3862762248
- Herta Müller : The view of the small train stations. About the literary and documentary impact of Jürgen Fuchs . In: Listen and Look . H. 64 (2/2009), pp. 60-65.
- Ehrhart Neubert : History of the opposition in the GDR 1949–1989. Federal Agency for Civic Education , Series of publications, vol. 346, 2nd edition, Berlin 1998, order no. 1.346, ISBN 3-89331-294-3 .
- Udo Scheer : Jürgen Fuchs. A literary way into the opposition. Row: Imprisoned in Berlin-Hohenschönhausen. Berlin: Jaron Verlag, 2007. 384 pages. ISBN 978-3-89773-573-6 .
- Siegfried Reiprich : The dialogue that was prevented. Publication series Havemanngesellschaft Vol. 3, Berlin 1996, ISBN 978-3-9804920-2-7 .
- Doris Liebermann : What should I do. Jürgen Fuchs, 1968 and Eastern Europe. in: Eastern Europe. 58 (2008), no. 7.
- Lilo Fuchs: "Stick together and leave this country as quickly as possible". Deadly decomposition. Our mother Dorothea Uschkoreit . In: Listen and Look. H. 59 (1/2008), pp. 44-45.
- Martin Hermann , Henning Pietzsch (Hrsg.): GDR literature between adaptation and contradiction. Series of publications by the Collegium Europaeum Jenense , Volume 43, Garamond-Der Wissenschaftsverlag, Jena 2011, ISBN 978-3-943609-88-2 .
- Jan Wielgohs: Fuchs, Jürgen . In: Who was who in the GDR? 5th edition. Volume 1. Ch. Links, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-86153-561-4 .
- Martin Hermann (Ed.): Life without Freedom - Jürgen Fuchs and the GDR - What doctrine? Series of publications by the Collegium Europaeum Jenense , Volume 45, Garamond-Der Wissenschaftsverlag, Jena 2016, ISBN 978-3-944830-79-7 .
- Marko Martin : Utopia is here - Jürgen Fuchs . In: ders .: Dissidentical thinking. Travel to the witnesses of an age . The Other Library, Berlin 2019, ISBN 978-3-8477-0415-7 , pp. 44-75.
Web links
- Literature by and about Jürgen Fuchs in the catalog of the German National Library
- Biography on www.gegen-diktatur.de
- Fuchs, Kunert and Pannach - on forced departure, ed. v. Federal Agency for Civic Education and Robert Havemann Society, last change September 2008
- Short biography ( memento from July 18, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) on ddr-im-www.de
- Kristin Sabrowske: The MfS's "quiet terror" against Jürgen Fuchs , August 14, 2014
- "Is everything lost already?" - An obituary - memorial event for Jürgen Fuchs in 1999
- Berlin-Hohenschönhausen Memorial presents Jürgen Fuchs biography of Udo Scheer ( memento from February 25, 2008 in the Internet Archive ), with a greeting by Ralph Giordano ( memento from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF file; 30 kB )
- Vera Lengsfeld: His death came much too early - homage for Jürgen Fuchs
Individual evidence
- ↑ See Jürgen Fuchs - poet, psychologist, civil rights activist , published by the President of the Berlin House of Representatives, Berlin 2010, p. 41.
- ↑ Esther Dischereit: His first reader and discussant. Heinrich Böll Foundation , September 4, 2014, accessed on November 16, 2016 .
- ^ Peter Wensierski: GDR critic Jürgen Fuchs. Secret mail from the public enemy. Spiegel online, September 8, 2014, accessed on September 12, 2014 .
- ^ Death of a dissident. May 9, 2019, accessed on May 13, 2019 (German).
- ↑ Wolf Biermann: OBITUARY: Death is great . In: Der Spiegel . No. 20 , 1999 ( online ).
- ^ Poet and dissident. Ten years ago, on May 9, 1999, the GDR opposition member Jürgen Fuchs died. (No longer available online.) In: RevolutionundEinheit.de. May 9, 2009, archived from the original on March 7, 2016 ; accessed on November 16, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Cordula Eubel: At the wrong address, dissident Jürgen Fuchs and the Left in Erfurt . In: Der Tagesspiegel . December 29, 2008 ( tagesspiegel.de [accessed November 16, 2016]).
- ↑ http://www.pnn.de/sport/597001/
- ↑ See speech by Ilko-Sascha Kowalczuk on the occasion of the inauguration of Jürgen-Fuchs-Platz on May 9, 2011. Wording of the speech ( memento from January 17, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 38 kB)
- ↑ BStU, ZA, IM file "Genua", A 377/81, vol. 4, p. 148, meeting report of HA VIII with IM "Genua" from February 3, 1988. Doc. In: BStU: Report on the project " Use of X-rays and radioactive substances by the MfS against opposition members - fiction or reality? ” , Berlin 2000, pp. 209–217, here p. 215.
- ↑ A public ulcer . In: Der Spiegel . No. 3 , 1992, p. 166 ( online - Wolf Biermann answers his critics in an open letter to Lew Kopelew, pp. 158–167).
- ↑ Peter Wensierski: Aligned at head height . In: Der Spiegel . No. 20 , 1999, p. 42-44 ( online ).
- ↑ See also representation by Udo Scheer: Jürgen Fuchs. A literary way into the opposition . Row: Imprisoned in Berlin-Hohenschönhausen. Berlin 2007, p. 358 ff.
- ↑ Wolf Biermann: The hatred never stops . In: Der Spiegel . No. 51 , 2008, p. 159 ( online ).
- ↑ Wolf Biermann : Don't wait for better times, Berlin 2016
- ↑ Gauck: Stasi used radioactive pins . Spiegel Online, March 17, 2000
- ^ At the wrong address, dissident Jürgen Fuchs and Die Linke in Erfurt. Der Tagesspiegel December 29, 2008 .; Claus-Peter Müller: Erfurt. Not at this address. Faz dated December 9, 2008; Christian Nürnberger : Courageous people: For peace, freedom and human rights. Thienemann / Gabriel, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-522-30158-9 .
- ^ Jürgen Fuchs Library. In: www.reichenbach-vogtland.de. City administration Reichenbach im Vogtland, accessed on November 16, 2016 .
- ↑ Monument of the Month 2011. In: www.berlin.de. November 20, 2014, accessed November 16, 2016 .
- ^ Chronicle of Steglitz-Zehlendorf. In: www.berlin.de. November 11, 2014, accessed November 16, 2016 .
- ↑ Small Chronicle of the Free University of Berlin | 2005–2016 |. (No longer available online.) In: web.fu-berlin.de. Archived from the original on November 16, 2016 ; accessed on November 16, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Frank Quilitzsch: A stele for the silent rebel Jürgen Fuchs . In: Ostthüringer Zeitung . May 9, 2011 ( otz.de [accessed November 16, 2016]).
- ^ Gudrun Schmidt: Wiglaf Droste / Gerhard Henschel: The barber of Bebra. In: www.luise-berlin.de. 1998, accessed November 16, 2016 .
- ↑ https://www.welt.de/print-welt/article536019/Aus-Plauen.html
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PecsOTlXEHI&t=67s
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Fuchs, Jürgen |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German civil rights activist and writer |
DATE OF BIRTH | December 19, 1950 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Reichenbach in Vogtland , GDR |
DATE OF DEATH | May 9, 1999 |
Place of death | Berlin |