Manès Sparrowhawk

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Monument to Manès Sparhawk in his hometown of Sabolotiv

Manès Sperber (born December 12, 1905 in Zabłotów , Galicia , Austria-Hungary , † February 5, 1984 in Paris ) was an Austro-French writer , social psychologist and philosopher . He wrote in German and French and also used the pseudonyms Taras Achim, N. A. Menlos, CL Chauverau, CL Chauvraux, CL Chauvreau, Jean Clémant, Paul Halland, AJ Haller, Paul Haller and Jan Heger .

Life

Sparhawk came from a relatively wealthy Jewish family for the East Galician shtetl and grew up in the tradition of Hasidism . In the summer of 1916, the family fled the chaos of war to Vienna , where the Sperbers experienced an economic decline and Manès joined the Zionist youth movement HaSchomer HaTzair . Later he met Alfred Adler , the founder of individual psychology , and became his student and collaborator. He broke up with him in 1932 because of differences of opinion about the connection between individual psychology and Marxism .

In 1927, at Adler's suggestion, Sperber moved to Berlin and joined the KPD . In the Berlin Society for Individual Psychology , the largest local group of Adler's International Association for Individual Psychology after Vienna , he gave lectures and training courses. In addition, as he recalled in his autobiography Die Vergebliche Warning (Munich 1983), he was active as

"Psychological expert for the Berlin Center for Welfare Care (...), I taught at several technical schools that trained welfare workers and social workers, and also at the social policy seminar of the Prussian University of Politics (...) On behalf of the City of Berlin, I gave in some welfare educational institutions (...) Courses and counseling hours for home educators. "

His intentions were aimed in two directions, namely:

“To spread the knowledge of individual psychology within the labor movement, to influence socialist youth leaders and social workers and leaders of educational, state and urban institutions; (...) to promote knowledge of social issues within the individual psychological movement and thus the correct assessment of their significance for a better understanding of individual and social phenomena. "

- Unsuccessful warning , p. 124.

The Berlin Society for Individual Psychology split in 1929 into a Marxist (Sparrowhawk) and a clerical-conservative ( Fritz Künkel ) wing. The disputes about an appropriate positioning against the rising National Socialism also led to a split in the "International Association for Individual Psychology", which in 1930 could only be bridged for a short time by the respected Charité lecturer Arthur Kronfeld , who this year was also the largest - and last - international congress in Berlin.

After the seizure of power of the Nazis in the German Reich Sperber appeared initially in Berlin. In the early morning hours of March 15, 1933, he and others were arrested by the police and SA in the Berlin artists' colony and taken into so-called “ protective custody ”. After spending a month in various prisons, he was released as an Austrian citizen on April 20, 1933, Hitler's birthday, with the request to leave the German Reich immediately. On April 24th, Sparhawk drove from Berlin to Vienna. He stayed in Yugoslavia until May 1934, where he temporarily withdrew, according to his memories (“Until they put broken pieces on my eyes”), back into private life. His son Vladimir Friedrich Uri Sperber was born there in January 1934. He finally moved to Paris without a wife (Mirjam Sperber) and son when the KPD entrusted him with a propaganda assignment at the 'Institute for the Study of Fascism' (INFA):

“I got a call from the party in late spring. I should come to Paris, they said, I was needed for important ideological work on an international scale. "

In Paris he worked closely with Willi Munzenberg , who was in charge of an internationally influential propaganda apparatus in the spirit of communist popular front policy .

During the height of the Stalinist purges , Sperber turned away from the party and formally resigned in 1937. He now began his literary examination of totalitarianism and the role of the individual in society ( on the analysis of tyranny , in which he foresaw Hitler's suicide).

In the winter of 1939, Sparrowhawk volunteered for the French Foreign Legion , but was demobilized without being involved in combat operations and withdrew to southern France with his new companion, Zenija (Jenka) Zivcon. In June 1942 his second son Dan Sperber was born here. When the danger of deportation became acute there too, he fled to Switzerland in autumn 1942 . After the war ended in 1945, Sperber returned to Paris, where he and Jenka were able to marry. He became a publisher's editor at the Calmann-Lévy publishing house, worked as a cultural philosopher, writer and as a cultural representative in Germany ( Reéducation ) sent by Raymond Aron and André Malraux , where he a. a. in Mainz (FBZ) published the magazine Die Umschau . In 1950 he and his friend Arthur Koestler were one of the initiators of the anti-communist congress for cultural freedom founded in Berlin , the financing of which by the CIA became apparent in the second half of the 1960s. In 1978 Sperber accepted honorary membership of the international society for Gestalt theory and its applications , which was founded that year , an honor with which the close relationship between the individual psychology he represented and the Gestalt theory was recognized.

Grave on Montparnasse

Sperber's most famous work is his novel trilogy Like a tear in the ocean , which has strong autobiographical traits. It was filmed in 1970 for WDR . Likewise, the film Une larme dans l'océan , produced by the French director Henri Glaeser and dealing with a chapter of the trilogy, premiered in Jerusalem in 1972 . The plot of the trilogy takes place between 1931 and 1945 and tells of the ideological delusions of the Communists and the Communist Party. She tries to substitute humanity and truth for violence, immaturity and dictatorship.

In 1983 Sperber received the Peace Prize of the German Book Trade. According to the jury, Sparrowhawk is a

“A writer who followed the path through the ideological aberrations of the century and freed himself from them. Throughout his life he preserved the independence of his own judgment and, incapable of indifference, had the courage to step on that nonexistent bridge which only spreads before those who set foot over the abyss. "

The laudatory speech was given by Siegfried Lenz .

Manès Sperber was buried on the Cimetière Montparnasse in Paris.

Works

  • Charlatan and his time. (1924, new edition Graz, Styrian, 2004)
  • Alfred Adler - Man and his teaching - An essay . Vienna (1926)
  • To analyze the tyranny. (1939, again together with another essay 1975)
  • Like a tear in the ocean (1961), as dtv paperback: Munich 1980, ISBN 3-423-01579-9 .
    • The burned bush. (1949)
    • Deeper than the abyss. (1950)
    • The lost bay. (1955)
  • The Achilles heel. (1960)
  • To daily world history. (1967)
  • Alfred Adler or The Misery of Psychology. Vienna (1970)
  • Living in this time, seven questions about violence. Europaverlag, Vienna 1972, ISBN 3-203-50420-0 .
  • We and Dostojewski: a debate with Heinrich Böll et al. a. run by Manès Sperber. (1972)
  • To analyze the tyranny. The misfortune of being gifted. Two socio-psychological essays. Vienna (1975)
  • All of the past.
    • The water carriers of God. (1974)
    • The futile warning. (1975)
    • Until they put broken pieces on my eyes. (1977)
  • Individual and community. (1978) Ullstein Taschenbuch 39023 ISBN 3-548-39023-4 .
  • Seven questions about violence. (1978)
  • Churban or The Incredible Certainty. (1979)
  • The free man. (1980)
  • Just a bridge between yesterday and tomorrow. (1980)
  • Essays on daily world history. Europa-Verlag, Vienna – Munich – Zurich 1981, ISBN 3-203-50783-8 .
  • Reality in 20th Century Literature. Nymphenburger, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-485-03083-X .
  • A Political Life - Conversations with Leonhard Reinisch (1984)
  • Solitude Divided - The Author and His Readers (1985) (essay)
  • The black fence. Novel fragment. Europa-Verlag, Vienna – Munich – Zurich 1986, ISBN 3-203-50963-6 .
  • Culture is a means, not an end. Residence, St. Pölten-Salzburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-7017-1553-4 .

Awards

Honors

literature

  • Anne-Marie Corbin-Schuffels: Un combat contre la tyrannie (1934-1960) , Frankfurt / M. 1996, Peter Lang Verlag, ISBN 3-906754-39-1
  • Anne-Marie Corbin , Jacques Le Rider , Wolfgang Müller-Funk , The Will to Hope. Manès Sperber - An intellectual in a European context , special number, Vienna 2013, ISBN 978-3-85449-390-7
  • Sophia Ihle: The homeless me. Manès Sperber's autobiographical self-positioning in: Exile Without Return. Literature as a medium of acculturation after 1933, ed. v. Sabina Becker / Robert Krause, Munich: Edition text + kritik 2010, pp. 19–37. ISBN 978-3-86916-048-1
  • Rudolf Isler: Manès Sperber. Witness of the 20th century. A life story Foreword: Daniel Cohn-Bendit. 2nd Edition. Aarau: Sauerländer & Cornelsen 2004 ISBN 3-0345-0122-6
  • Rudolf Isler:  Sparrowhawk, Manès. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 24, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-428-11205-0 , p. 667 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Wolfgang Kutz: The concept of education in Marxist individual psychology. Pedagogy with Manès Sperber, Otto Rühle and Alice Rühle-Gerstel as a contribution to the historiography of deep psychological education , Bochum 1991, Schallwig Verlag, ISBN 3-925222-14-6
  • Alfred Lévy: Manès Sperber - or about the adventures, sufferings and errors of a political individual psychologist . In: Gestalten around Alfred Adler - pioneers of individual psychology . Edited by A. Lévy and G. Mackenthun, Würzburg 2002, pp. 251-269, ISBN 3-8260-2156-8
  • Licharz / Kauffeldt / Schießer (ed.): The challenge of Manès Sperber Frankfurt, 1988. ISBN 3-89228-182-3
  • Olivier Mannoni : Manès Sperber - L'espoir tragique . Foreword by Jean Blot . Paris: Albin Michel, 2004 ISBN 2-226-15186-9
  • Stéphane Mosès , Joachim Schlör , Julius H. Schoeps (eds.): Manès Sperber als European. An ethics of resistance , Berlin 1996, Edition Hentrich, ISBN 3-89468-165-9
  • Werner Müller: Manès Sperber's novel trilogy "Like a tear in the ocean" Diss. Graz 1981
  • Alfred Paffenholz: Manès Sperber for an introduction , Hanover 1984, SOAK-Verlag, ISBN 3-88209-061-8
  • K.-H. Schäfer, H.-JP Walter and M. Sperber: Conversations with Manès Sperber . Gestalt Theory 6 (1/1984), pp. 5-41.
  • Monika Schneider: The yoke of history Pfaffenweiler, 1991 ISBN 3-89085-496-6
  • Mirjana Stancic: The churban or the incomprehensible certainty. M. S's. Jewish topics in: Sachor. Journal for Antisemitism Research Vol. 9: From Emancipation to Disenfranchisement . Klartext, Essen 1999, pp. 60-75 ISSN  0948-2415 ISBN 3-88474-789-4
  • Mirjana Stancic: Manès Sperber - Life and Work , Frankfurt / M. 2003, Stroemfeld Verlag, ISBN 3-86109-163-1
  • Robert G. Weigel (ed.): Four great Galician storytellers in exile: WH Katz, Soma Morgenstern, Manès Sperber and Joseph Roth Frankfurt, 2005 ISBN 3-631-53001-3
  • Klaus Wenzel: Manès Sperber's novel trilogy "Like a tear in the ocean" Diss. Frankfurt / M. 1990 ISBN 3-631-43576-2

Web links

Commons : Manès Sperber  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ DIED: Manes Sparrowhawk . In: Der Spiegel . No. 7 , 1984 ( online ).
  2. ↑ Mirjana Stancic: Manès Sperber. Life and work . Stroemfeld Verlag, Frankfurt a. M. 2003
  3. ^ Peace Prize of the German Book Trade: Manès Sperber - The Prize Winner 1983. 1983, accessed on January 14, 2019 .
  4. ↑ Siegfried Lenz: From the presence of the past. In: Peace Prize of the German Book Trade. 1983, accessed January 14, 2019 .
  5. ↑ http://www.friedenspreis-des-deutschen-buchhandels.de/sixcms/media.php/1290/1983_%20sperber.pdf
personal data
SURNAME Sparrowhawk, Manès
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Achim, Taras (pseudonym); Menlos, NA (pseudonym); Chauverau, CL (pseudonym); Chauvraux, CL (pseudonym); Chauvreau, CL (pseudonym); Clémant, Jean (pseudonym); Halland, Paul (pseudonym); Haller, AJ (pseudonym); Haller, Paul (pseudonym); Heger, Jan (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austro-French writer, social psychologist and philosopher
DATE OF BIRTH December 12, 1905
PLACE OF BIRTH Zabłotów, Galicia
DATE OF DEATH 5th February 1984
Place of death Paris