Hashomer Hatzair
Hashomer Hatzair ( Hebrew הַשּׁוֹמֵר הַצָּעִיר ha-Šōmer ha-Zaʿīr , German 'the young guardian' , plural: ha-Schōmrīm ha-Zʿīrīm) is an international socialist - Zionist youth organization that uses the scout method .
history
The organization was founded in 1913/14 in Austro-Hungarian Galicia under the name Haschomer ( The Guardian ) as a scout movement , which merged with the culturally active student association Zeire Zion ( The Youth of Zions ) in Vienna in 1916 . The Viennese group of the organization was strongly influenced by Jewish refugees from the east of the dual monarchy, but also opened up to the influences of the migrant bird and the German youth movement . The organization was based on the ideas of Gustav Wyneken , Martin Buber and Robert Baden-Powell .
From 1931 on, groups were formed in Germany with a regional focus in Cologne and Franconia .
A major goal of the organization was the aliyah to Palestine and the establishment of kibbutzim . The first members reached what would later become the British mandate as early as 1919 . In 1927 the four kibbutzim founded by the Hashomer Hatzair merged to form the umbrella organization Kibbutz HaArtzi . The Hashomer Hatzair groups active in Palestine formed the Socialist League in 1936 , a socialist party also operating under the name Hashomer Hatzair, which in 1948 merged with the Achdut haAwoda to form the Mapam - United Workers' Party .
The membership of Hashomer Hatzair reached its peak around 1939 with around 70,000 members worldwide, the focus was in Eastern Europe , especially in Poland . After the German occupation of these areas in the course of the Second World War and the beginning of the Holocaust , the resistance against National Socialism and the fight against the Wehrmacht became core tasks of the association, the Hashomer Hatzair became an underground organization. Mordechaj Anielewicz , the leader of the Warsaw group, took over the leadership of the Jewish fighting organization during the uprising in the Warsaw ghetto . In Romania the leadership of the Hashomer Hatzair was executed for anti-fascist activities. In France and Belgium Leopold Trepper , Sophia Poznanska and other Polish Hashomer-Hatzair activists were part of the Resistance .
After the Second World War, many members of the Haganah and the Palmach joined, and the organization also participated in illegal immigration to Palestine.
Todays situation
The Hashomer Hatzair have about 14,000 members in Israel and about 4,500 outside of Israel. For a number of years the organization has been working closely with the Habonim Dror , the youth association of the kibbutz movement .
In 1998, before the kibbutz movement merged, around 35,000 people lived in the 85 kibbutzim of the Kibbutz HaArtzi association, which is closely related to Hashomer Hatzair.
Hashomer Hatzair is a member of the International Falcon Movement . Hashomer Hatzair has a close cooperation with the Socialist Youth of Germany - Die Falken . International youth encounters with falcons from Germany take place every year.
The German department was re-established in 2012 after more than 70 years. Ido Porat became the first chairman.
Content
The guideline of the work is the Dibrot - the Ten Commandments of Hashomer Hatzair. In their structure, they are based on the Boy Scout laws , but also focus on the structure of Israel and a socialist society.
The work of the association has three main focuses: friendship between peoples, scouting and secularism . Secularism is seen against the background of belonging to the Jewish people, religious holidays are not understood as such, but are celebrated as a symbol of being a Jew.
Unlike in the past, the aliyah after Israel is no longer the focus of work in all groups. It has often been replaced by encouragement to live a secular Judaism at the current place of residence.
The 10 dibrot in the 2008 version are as follows:
- The Shomer is a man of truth and stands on her watch.
- The Shomer is an integral part of the Jewish people and closely related to the State of Israel. He / she is rooted in his / her culture and a Chalutz 1) of our Judaism.
- The Shomer finds meaning in his / her relationship with work and fights for a world in which work is a productive expression of human creativity and freedom.
- The Shomer is politically active and a champion in the pursuit of freedom, equality, peace and solidarity.
- The Shomer is a loyal and conscientious chaver, 2) who works with others, fights for the progress of society and represents the Schomrian values.
- The Shomer actively develops and maintains relationships that are conscious, free, and honest, both within the Kwutza and throughout the Shomer community. He / she takes responsibility for taking care of his / her chaverim.
- The Shomer respects nature, it is important to him / her; he gets to know it, learns to live in it and acts sustainably.
- The Shomer is brave, independent, thinks critically and acts accordingly.
- The Shomer strengthens his / her character and strives for physical, mental and spiritual wholeness.
- The Shomer is guided by his / her reason and takes full responsibility for his / her actions. He / she puts Dugma Ischit. 3)
See also
- HaSchomer (paramilitary organization in Palestine, 1909–1920)
Web links
- Divrot - the Ten Commandments of Hashomer Hatzair (historical illustration)
- Page no longer available , search in web archives: Hashomer Hatzair Germany
- Hashomer Hatzair Austria
- Hashomer Hatzair Switzerland
- Hashomer Hatzair in Israel (German version)
- Hashomer Hatzair World Movement
Individual evidence
- ^ Neri Livneh: A woman called Zosha. In: Haaretz . April 24, 2003, accessed July 14, 2013 .
- ↑ Karl Ludwig: Hashomer Hatzair Germany again erupted. (No longer available online.) In: Vorwärts . August 3, 2012, archived from the original on August 12, 2012 ; Retrieved September 23, 2013 .
- ↑ a b Five minutes with Ido Porat. Jüdische Allgemeine, August 2, 2012, accessed July 14, 2013 .
- ↑ Who we are. Hashomer Hatzair Germany, May 13, 2012, archived from the original on July 4, 2012 ; Retrieved July 14, 2013 .