Leopold Trepper

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Leopold Trepper (born February 23, 1904 in Nowy Targ , then Austria-Hungary , now Poland , † January 19, 1982 in Jerusalem ) was a Polish communist , Soviet agent, resistance fighter and journalist of Jewish origin.

Life

Leopold Trepper was the son of an agricultural machinery and seeds dealer. Politically, he was initially active in a group of the socialist - Zionist youth movement Hashomer Hatzair . While still in Galicia , he oriented himself towards communism . Persecuted by the Polish police, Trepper fled to Palestine in 1924 . There he joined a group of the Hashomer Hatzair in the Kibbutz Mischmar HaEmek , where he met Sophia Poznanska in 1926 . Both joined the Palestinian Communist Party because he felt badly treated and taken advantage of (pay) in the kibbutz and this was the only party in which Jews and Arabs were equal. Trepper moved to Tel Aviv and founded the Ihud as a legal organization, the majority of which came from the Kerem Hateimanim settlement .

Because of his communist activities, he was interned by the British in Akko in the Central Prison in the citadel in 1929 .

Around 1930, Trepper fled the persecution of the British Mandate Police to Moscow , the pressure to persecute was strong, and others such as his party colleague Joseph Berger had to leave Palestine. Trepper studied there and was then editor of a Yiddish newspaper. Before being persecuted by the Stalinist secret service NKVD , he escaped to the Soviet military secret service GRU . In 1938 he went to Brussels and, disguised as a Canadian businessman, organized some of the activities of the Western European groups of the Red Chapel . He had the code names Otto , Adam Mickler and Jean Gilbert .

In the spring of 1941, these groups warned Stalin in vain of the impending German invasion . In 1942 they reported the impending German Caucasus offensive, which enabled the resistance to be organized in good time during the Battle of Stalingrad . On November 24, 1942, Trepper was arrested in Paris by the Gestapo - " Sonderkommando Rote Kapelle " ( Red Orchestra Special Command) and pretended to accept the offer to operate a radio game for Heinrich Müller as a double agent . He escaped from Gestapo custody on September 13, 1943 and finally flew to Moscow at the end of the war, where he was arrested.

From 1945 to 1953 Leopold Trepper was imprisoned in Moscow's Lubyanka on pretexts because Stalin was afraid he would be able to give details of the debacle of June 1941. In 1954 he was rehabilitated and returned to Poland with his family under an old code name from the time before his emigration to Palestine, Leib Domb . There he became head of the Idisz Buch publishing house and chairman of the Jewish Socio-Cultural Association TSKŻ .

On the occasion of the Six Day War in 1967, party leader Władysław Gomułka gave an anti-Semitic inflammatory speech, and when student unrest broke out in the spring of 1968 , it was ended by a state-organized anti-Semitic campaign. The campaign resulted in the emigration of around 15,000 Polish Jews. Trepper was refused exit because of his prominent position and he was placed under house arrest. After various protests - mainly from western countries - he was able to travel to Israel in 1972 , where he lived until his death. At his funeral, Ariel Sharon pinned a medal to his coffin.

Works

  • Le grand jeu. Albin Michel, Paris 1975

German editions:

  • The truth. "I was the head of the Red Chapel." Autobiography. Translated from Emmi Heimann . Kindler, Munich 1975, ISBN 3-463-00643-X (with pictures and doc.)
  • The truth. Autobiography. As above. dtv , Munich 1978, ISBN 3-423-01387-7 (with documents).
  • The truth. Autobiography of the "Grand Chef" of the Red Chapel. Translated not named. Ahriman, Freiburg 1995 ISBN 3-89484-554-6 .

literature

Movies

credentials

  1. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated May 5, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.haaretz.com
  2. ↑ Text excerpts from Google books
  3. ↑ almost certainly also Carroux under her pseudonym
  4. ↑ The Trepper Report pdf
  5. ↑ Movie description on Internet Movie Database
  6. ↑ Movie description on Internet Movie Database
  7. ↑ Description of the film on Cinemotions.com (French) ( Memento of the original from April 26, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cinemotions.com
  8. ↑ Movie description on Internet Movie Database

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Trepper, Leopold
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Domb, body
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish communist, resistance fighter and publicist
DATE OF BIRTH February 23, 1904
PLACE OF BIRTH Nowy Targ , Poland
DATE OF DEATH January 19, 1982
Place of death Jerusalem