Bundestag election 2009
The election to the 17th German Bundestag took place on September 27, 2009.
The Union parties and the FDP together achieved the majority required for the formation of a black-yellow coalition that both sides wanted . While the opposition parties of the previous legislative period, the FDP, Die Linke and Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen , gained significant votes and achieved the best results in their respective party histories, the parties in the ruling grand coalition fell to an all-time low. The SPD achieved its worst Bundestag election result ever, the CDU and CSU their worst after the firstBundestag election 1949 . The Pirate Party ran for the first time in the federal election in 2009 and achieved the best result among the small parties with two percent. The voter turnout was 70.78 percent with the lowest since the Federal Republic and the lowest in an election to the People's Chamber to federal or Reichstag and the German National Assembly to the 1898th
Parties
A total of 27 parties with state lists ran for election .
Political parties were allowed to submit nominations
- have consistently been represented by at least five members of the Bundestag since the previous election (SPD, CDU, FDP, Left, Greens, CSU)
- have consistently been represented by at least five MPs in a state parliament since the last election (the same parties as above as well as NPD, DVU)
- or were recognized as parties by the Federal Election Committee (see also the list of political associations not admitted to the 2009 Bundestag election ).
The Federal Electoral Committee decided on recognition as a party in its first meeting on July 17, 2009; Of 49 political associations and parties that indicated their participation by the deadline for submission, 21 were recognized as parties.
The parties had to submit their election proposals (state lists and district election proposals) by July 23, 2009 at 6 p.m., and the state or district election committees decided on their approval on July 31, 2009. State lists of 27 parties were approved. The Democratic People's Party of Germany (DVD), which is recognized as a party , did not submit any state lists, the submitted state lists of the Free Union were all rejected. All other recognized parties also compete with at least one state list.
On August 6, 2009 the federal electoral committee rejected four complaints against decisions of the state electoral committees on the non-admission of state lists. The recognized and unrecognized parties concerned can only use the electoral review procedure after the Bundestag election . The current procedure was criticized by legal scholars as legally problematic, and some of the decisions were criticized as flawed. The election review complaint of the federal chairman of PARTEI was rejected by the Federal Constitutional Court in April 2011 .
Personnel decisions of the parties
As the first party, the SPD had officially committed itself to a top candidate: On September 7, 2008, the party executive nominated Federal Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier as a candidate for chancellor , who had to present himself as the top candidate only a few minutes before after the resignation of his party chairman Kurt Beck . Frank-Walter Steinmeier was officially confirmed by the party as candidate for chancellor at the special party conference of the SPD on October 18, 2008 in Berlin.
Angela Merkel ran again as the CDU / CSU's candidate for chancellor and Guido Westerwelle as the FDP's top candidate . At Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen , parliamentary group leader Renate Künast and her deputy Jürgen Trittin were nominated as leaders for the election campaign on November 16, 2008.
On the left , party leader Lothar Bisky announced in 2005 that he would not run for the Bundestag again. In 2009, parliamentary group leaders Gregor Gysi and Oskar Lafontaine , who was also chairman of the party together with Bisky, led the party back into the federal election campaign. They were confirmed at the Left Party Congress on June 21, 2009 in Berlin. At the same time, Lafontaine ran as a candidate for Prime Minister for Die Linke in Saarland. The state election took place one month before the federal election.
Coalition statements
The parties represented in the old Bundestag and, according to the polls, also in the new Bundestag made the following statements about coalitions and toleration with other parties:
- The CDU / CSU and FDP on the one hand and the left on the other hand fundamentally rejected a coalition with the other side on a supraregional level.
- SPD candidate for Chancellor Frank-Walter Steinmeier ruled out being elected with votes from the left before the election, with reference to the left's foreign and European political positions ( red-red-green coalition ).
- For its part, the left ruled out a coalition with the SPD at the federal level due to differences in foreign policy ( Afghanistan mission ) and domestic policy ( Hartz IV ).
- The Union parties favored a black and yellow coalition over the existing grand coalition .
- A week before the election on September 20, the FDP ruled out a coalition with the Greens and the SPD ( traffic light coalition ) at a special party conference in Potsdam-Babelsberg, also at the insistence of the CDU .
- The Greens ruled out a Jamaica coalition . A traffic light coalition with the SPD and FDP, a red-green-red coalition with the SPD and the Left Party, and a pure black-green coalition with the Union, however, were not ruled out, even if the latter possibility was considered unlikely based on the forecasts.
Due to these varied exclusions, only the options of the black-yellow coalition and grand coalition remained before the election for the likely election results , provided the parties would stick to their resolutions or the statements of their top candidates.
These coalition statements were criticized by journalistic election observers and political commentators before the election. In a comment, the ARD capital studio criticized “exclusionism” in the party landscape and saw the sense of elections being jeopardized, since overly rigid, self-imposed coalition restrictions made the democratic “competition of ideas” take a back seat. The Süddeutsche Zeitung commented that the Bundestag parties were once again caught in the “ Ypsilanti trap” , as they were after the state elections in Hesse in 2008 , which had to be repeated due to such a blockade situation in the party system , and would now attack their own , at that time mutually given appeal to the fundamental mutual ability of all parties to form coalitions no longer hold.
Election manifestos of the parties
Tax system
- CDU / CSU
In the CDU election program 2009, a lowering of the basic tax rate in two steps to 13 percent and then 12 percent is required. There is no statement about the amount of the basic tax allowance. The second-highest marginal tax rate is to remain unchanged at 42 percent and in two steps the benchmark from which this marginal tax rate takes effect is to be raised first to 55,000 euros and then to 60,000 euros. The tariff trend in between is to be corrected in such a way that the so-called " middle class belly " is reduced.
The spouse splitting is to be retained in full. In the interests of family splitting, the child allowance is to be increased to 8,004 euros. Precise information on this is not given.
Binding statements on sales tax are not included in the 2009 election program.
In the 2009 election manifesto, the CSU essentially represents the same content as the CDU. There were still deviations here in the 2005 election program because the CSU continued to pursue the linear progressive tariff structure, but the CDU focused on the tiered tariff models according to Kirchhof or Merz.
- SPD
In the SPD election program 2009, a lowering of the entry tax rate from 14 percent to 10 percent is required for income tax. The tariff profile is to be redesigned so that taxable income of up to 52,882 euros (married people 105,764 euros) is relieved compared to the 2010 tariff. Precise information on this is not given.
Binding statements on sales tax are not included in the 2009 election program.
- FDP
In the 2009 FDP election program, a tiered tariff is required for income tax . A uniform basic tax allowance of EUR 8,004 per person is to apply to both adults and children. For income that exceeds the basic tax-free allowance, a tax rate of 10 percent applies to the first 20,000 euros of taxable income, a tax rate of 25 percent for income components between 20,000 euros and 50,000 euros, and a tax rate of 35 percent for income components from 50,000 euros.
If one looks at the development of the average tax rate, there is a clear relief for all income groups, with higher incomes also receiving higher relief.
In the case of sales tax, it should be regulated that the sales tax on an invoice is only payable after receipt of payment.
- GREEN
In Bündnis 90 / Die GRÜNEN election program 2009, an increase in the basic tax allowance to 8,500 euros is required. In view of structural deficits and growing debt, additional income tax relief is not considered acceptable. The top tax rate is to be raised to 45%. This top tax rate is intended to take effect through a linear extension of the tariff, but only with a higher income. Precise information on this is not given.
The splitting of spouses, which promotes marriage and not life with children, is to be further developed for individual taxation.
Binding statements on sales tax are not included in the 2009 election program.
Further tax relief was already rejected in the 2005 election program. In view of the state of the public budgets, a stabilization of tax revenues is necessary.
- LEFT
In the 2009 LINKE election program, an increase in the basic income tax allowance to 9,300 euros, an abolition of the splitting of spouses and the introduction of individual taxation are required. The initial tax rate is to be reduced to 10 percent. The top tax rate (upper limit tax rate) should be raised to 53 percent and take effect at an upper benchmark of 65,000 euros.
If one looks at the course of the average tax rate, there is a clear relief for low and middle income groups, for higher incomes there is an equally significant additional burden.
In the case of corporation tax, the reduction in the corporation tax rate from 25% to 15% is to be reversed and the tax base is to be broadened.
The wealth tax is to be reintroduced by taxing private assets of over one million euros with at least five percent.
In the case of sales tax, the reduced tax rate of currently 7% is to be extended to other matters (such as hotels and restaurants). For small companies and the self-employed, it should be regulated that the sales tax is only payable after receipt of payment.
labour market
- CDU / CSU
In the CDU election program 2009, the retention of the additional earnings rules for recipients of basic security and the mini-jobs is required. State intervention is to be largely avoided when it comes to the level of wages. No further minimum wages should therefore be specified.
- SPD
In the SPD election program 2009, a general minimum wage of 7.50 euros per hour is required. In addition, employee rights (protection against dismissal, works council, insolvency protection, co-determination) should be maintained at least at the current level. Overall, the labor market is to be regulated somewhat more closely with regard to so-called “good work”.
- FDP
The 2009 FDP election program calls for all tax-financed social benefits to be combined into a single transfer benefit. This so-called “citizen's money” is to be given a more flat rate and reduced immediately if a reasonable job offered is rejected. Minimum wages are strictly rejected.
- GREEN
In the GRÜNE election program 2009, the Hartz IV reforms are basically adhered to, but the standard rate of unemployment benefit II is initially to be increased to 420 euros per month and basic security for children is to be introduced according to their individual needs. A minimum wage of 7.50 euros per hour is required. The social security tax burden for low-wage earners is to be reduced and mini-jobs are to be eliminated.
- LEFT
In the 2009 LINKE election program, the complete withdrawal of labor market reforms - particularly Hartz IV - is called for. Temporary work should be clearly limited and the displacement into bogus self-employment should be prevented as far as possible. Protection against dismissal is to be expanded and a statutory maximum working time of normally 40 hours per week is to be introduced. The standard rate of unemployment benefit II is to be raised immediately to EUR 500 per month and a nationwide minimum wage of EUR 8.82 (as in France) is to be introduced, which is to be increased to EUR 10 per hour in the next legislative period.
Healthcare
- CDU / CSU
The CDU election program 2009 called for more freedom of choice for those with statutory health insurance. At the same time, the burdens for this group of people should be limited. How this should be done is not explained. The income-independent contribution system (lump sum per capita) previously planned by the Union is not mentioned in the election program.
- SPD
The 2009 SPD election program called for statutory health and long-term care insurance to be converted into “citizens' insurance”. It should include the self-employed and civil servants and cover all income with contributions. In addition, there is to be a return to equal contribution financing by employers and employees.
- FDP
In the 2009 FDP election program, extensive privatization of the health and care system is called for. The aim is to exit the pay-as-you-go system and introduce a funded system. This should be designed as a bonus system with social hardship compensation. Except for the costs for the children as a task for society as a whole, there should no longer be any social compensation.
- GREEN
In the 2009 GREEN election program, the further development of the health fund into a "citizens' insurance" is called for. The aim is to overcome the existing "two-tier medicine", with the aim of raising the contribution assessment ceiling for this purpose.
- LEFT
"Citizens' insurance" is also required in the 2009 LINKE election program. In addition, the contribution assessment and compulsory insurance limits are to be abolished and the special contributions for employees abolished. The catalog of services of the statutory health insurance companies is to be expanded and the additional payments and the practice fee abolished.
Old-age insurance
- CDU / CSU
In the CDU election program 2009, the retention of the three-pillar system of statutory pension, company and private pension in its current form is required. Retirement at 67 will be retained without restriction. In order to avoid poverty in old age, a needs-based and tax-financed pension above the poverty line is to be introduced for long-term employees. "Justice gaps" in the statutory pension are to be closed, for example through better consideration of child-rearing periods. The CDU rejects an expansion of the group of people who pay into the compulsory pension insurance.
- SPD
The 2009 SPD election program also calls for the three-pillar system to be retained, but at the same time it is emphasized that poverty-proof pensions require corresponding subsistence contributions and employment histories without any significant gaps. The statutory pension insurance is to be expanded to include insurance for all employed persons. The self-employed should be included in the compulsory statutory pension insurance if no comparable compulsory pension scheme exists for them. The SPD is holding on to retirement at 67, but wants to create ways for flexible transitions into retirement.
- FDP
The 2009 FDP election program calls for a shift in focus towards private and company-funded provision. In view of the demographic change, the statutory pension should in future only offer basic benefits. The FDP strictly rejects employment insurance. But she advocates the inclusion of all citizens in the Riester subsidy.
- GREEN
The GRÜNE election program for 2009 calls for the bundling of various forms of company and private pension provision in one “ old-age provision account ” and greater concentration of state funding on the lower income bracket. The coexistence of statutory, company and private pension schemes is maintained. The pension insurance is to be expanded into a "citizens' insurance". In connection with the tax-financed increase in insufficient pension entitlements to a minimum pension, old-age poverty is to be prevented.
- LEFT
In the 2009 LINKE election program, all factors that have been built into the pension formula since 1992 are required. Impending old-age poverty is to be counteracted with a minimum monthly income of 800 euros. In addition, the statutory pension insurance is to be expanded to include employment insurance based on solidarity. This means a general compulsory insurance, consideration of all types of income and no longer any contribution assessment limit, but a maximum limit for the pension to be paid out. The LINKE wants to abolish the retirement age at 67 and allow flexible and discount-free exit options.
Energy policy
- CDU / CSU
At the end of the first third of their election manifesto, the Union parties devote a section entitled “Energy - Safe, Clean and Affordable” to explaining their energy policy plans. Here, nuclear energy is understood as an indispensable bridging technology . The reason is a lack of climate-friendly and inexpensive alternatives. The aim should therefore be to extend the service life of the “safe German plants”, but the construction of new nuclear power plants is rejected. The majority of the profit generated by the energy supply companies from the continued operation of the systems should be used "according to a binding agreement" with the operators "for research in the field of energy efficiency and renewable energies as well as for lowering electricity prices".
On the question of the final storage of radioactive waste from nuclear energy use, the CDU and CSU are calling for the Gorleben moratorium to be lifted as quickly as possible, which was passed by the then red-green federal government in 2000 and initially ended the exploration of the Gorleben salt dome as a possible final storage facility for radioactive waste.
The use of fossil fuels is inevitable, this must be done efficiently and in a climate-friendly manner. The parties certify that the technology of CO 2 capture and storage makes an "important contribution".
In addition, the four existing network control areas are to be linked to form a uniform “German network control system”. State participation in this is not considered to be expedient. "Acceptance problems" that occurred in various places when expanding and building new networks and power plants had to be countered with "educational work on energy policy issues".
- SPD
In the first third of its election program, the SPD deals with energy policy proposals in the section “Germany as a pioneer for sustainable energy policy and mobility”. It sets the goal of using renewable energies to manage at least 35 percent by 2020 and 50 percent by 2030. To reduce carbon dioxide emissions, investments must be made in the modernization of coal and gas power plants. The greenhouse gas emissions are to be reduced compared to 40 percent with the year 1990 to 2020.
Country lists
- SPD - Social Democratic Party of Germany (16 state lists)
- CDU - Christian Democratic Union of Germany (15 state lists, not in Bavaria)
- FDP - Free Democratic Party (16 state lists)
- DIE LINKE - Die Linke (16 country lists)
- GREEN - Alliance 90 / The Greens (16 state lists)
- CSU - Christian Social Union in Bavaria (state list only in Bavaria)
- NPD - National Democratic Party of Germany (16 state lists)
- MLPD - Marxist-Leninist Party of Germany (16 state lists)
- PIRATES - Pirate Party Germany (15 state lists, not in Saxony)
- DVU - German People's Union (12 country lists 1 )
- REP - The Republicans (11 country lists 2 )
- ödp - Ecological Democratic Party (8 state lists 3 )
- BüSo - Civil Rights Movement Solidarity (7 Land Lists 4 )
- The Animal Welfare Party - Human Environment Animal Welfare (6 state lists 5 )
- RRP - Pensioners' Party (5 state lists 6 )
- FAMILY - German family party (4 state lists 7 )
- PBC - Party of Bible Faithful Christians (4 country lists 8 )
- DIE VIOLETTEN - Die Violetten - for spiritual politics (3 country lists 9 )
- RENTNER - Pensioners Party Germany (3 country lists 10 )
- PSG - Party for Social Equality, Section of the Fourth International (state lists in Berlin and North Rhine-Westphalia)
- Referendum - From now on ... Alliance for Germany , for democracy through referendum (state lists in Baden-Württemberg and NRW)
- CM - Christian center - for a Germany according to God's commandments (state list only in Bavaria)
- BP - Bavaria Party (state list only in Bavaria)
- DKP - German Communist Party (state list only in Berlin)
- ADM - Allianz der Mitte (state list only in Baden-Württemberg)
- FWD - Free Voters Germany (state list only in Brandenburg)
- ZENTRUM - German Center Party - oldest party in Germany founded in 1870 (state list only in NRW)
1 in all countries except Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Saxony, Thuringia and Saarland
2 in all countries except Hamburg, Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein and Saarland
3 in Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Berlin, Hamburg, Lower Saxony, North Rhine- Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate and Thuringia
4 in Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Berlin, Brandenburg, Hesse, North Rhine-Westphalia and Saxony
5 in Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Berlin, Hesse, Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia
6 in Bavaria, Bremen, Lower Saxony , North Rhine-Westphalia and Saarland
7 in Bavaria, North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland
8 in Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Bremen and Rhineland-Palatinate
9 in Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria and Berlin
10 in Hamburg, North Rhine-Westphalia and Schleswig-Holstein
Polls before the election
After the Bundestag election in 2005 , the polling institutes came under fire because of the big difference between their forecast and the result - especially in the case of the Union. In 2009 the latest poll results seemed closer to the preliminary final result. However, the large popular parties were again somewhat overestimated.
| Institute | date | CDU / CSU | SPD | GREEN | FDP | THE LEFT | Others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Result of the federal election | September 27, 2009 | 33.8% | 23.0% | 10.7% | 14.6% | 11.9% | 6.0% |
| Forsa | September 25, 2009 | 33% | 25% | 10% | 14% | 12% | 6% |
| INFO GmbH | September 23, 2009 | 34% | 27% | 10% | 12% | 12% | 5% |
| Allensbach | September 22, 2009 | 35% | 24% | 11% | 13.5% | 11.5% | 5% |
| Research group elections | September 18, 2009 | 36% | 25% | 10% | 13% | 11% | 5% |
| GMS | September 18, 2009 | 36% | 25% | 11% | 13% | 11% | 4% |
| Infratest dimap | 17th September 2009 | 35% | 26% | 10% | 14% | 11% | 4% |
| Emnid | September 3, 2009 | 34% | 26% | 11% | 14% | 11% | 4% |
Electoral system
Number of members of the 17th German Bundestag
Section 1 of the Federal Election Act (BWahlG) specified a number of 598 members for the 17th German Bundestag - subject to deviating regulations (e.g. overhang mandates and list exhaustion ). An amendment to the electoral law to remove therules on the allocation of seats that were declared unconstitutionalin the judgment of the Federal Constitutional Court of July 3, 2008 on negative voting weight through internal party compensation for overhang seats was previously rejected on July 3, 2009 with votes from the CDU, CSU, SPD and FDP.
Basic features of the electoral system
The members of the 17th German Bundestag were elected in a personalized proportional representation in 299 constituencies. Around 62.2 million citizens were entitled to vote on election day. Each voter had two votes : with his vote for the state list he determined - with the exception of the deviations due to overhang mandates - with what strength the party he had elected would be represented in the Bundestag (right column of the ballot, so-called second vote ). With the vote for the candidate, he directly determined the representative of his constituency (left column of the ballot, so-called first vote ). The exact mandate will be allocated according to Sainte-Laguë / Schepers .
Change of constituencies
Since the number of constituencies in the individual federal states has to correspond as closely as possible to their proportion of the population and the population in the new federal states has been reduced, mainly because of the ongoing internal migration, the law of March 17, 2008, redefined 31 of the 299 constituencies. The states of Saxony-Anhalt and Saxony each received one less constituency, Lower Saxony and Baden-Württemberg each one more than before. In countries with regularly many direct mandates for a party and the resulting overhang mandates (Baden-Württemberg, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt), a lower number of constituencies decreased the probability of overhang mandates being created, while an increase in the number of constituencies increased it. The constituency change between the federal states was able to influence the number and distribution of seats in the Bundestag.
See also: List of Bundestag constituencies 2009
organization
meeting
September 27, 2009 was determined as the day of the Bundestag election by order of the Federal President of January 4, 2009 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 2 ). Previously, the Federal Ministry of the Interior announced on September 4, 2008, after consultation with the federal states, that it would propose this date; the federal cabinet approved on December 10, 2008. The early state elections in Schleswig-Holstein and the regularly scheduled state elections in Brandenburg took place on the same day .
Electoral service
On election day, around 630,000 voluntary election workers were to be deployed on 90,000 election boards nationwide. The entire federal territory is divided into approx. 80,000 ballot boxes and 10,000 postal voting districts.
Election observation by the OSCE
For the first time, at the invitation of the Federal Government , the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) sent a team of fifteen election observers from thirteen OSCE states, headed by Swiss diplomat Gérard Stoudmann, to Germany to observe the federal elections from mid-September to early October . These experts visited all sixteen federal states, but did not observe the state elections taking place at the same time in Brandenburg and Schleswig-Holstein . The observation of elections by the OSCE in Western Europe is considered a normal standard and has no concrete connection with the non-admission of some small parties, which was one of the aspects considered in this election.
In its final report, the OSCE draws a largely positive conclusion. On the other hand, she criticized the lack of opportunities to appeal to a legal authority before the federal election, as well as the unspecific and immeasurable criteria for the admission of parties to the election by the federal election committee .
Chancellor duel
Two weeks before the federal election, on September 13th, a television duel between Chancellor Merkel and SPD candidate Steinmeier took place - the so-called chancellor duel. It was broadcast in coproduction by Erste , ZDF , RTL and Sat.1 . It was moderated by Frank Plasberg (ARD), Maybrit Illner (ZDF), Peter Kloeppel (RTL) and Peter Limbourg (Sat.1). The chancellor duel was not broadcast live on the radio due to the negative attitude of the two private broadcasters, which was followed by strong criticism from several well-known radio stations. The opposition parties had criticized the chancellor duel in advance because they were unable to take part in the television debate.
Eligible voters
A total of 62,168,489 citizens were called to vote. Their age and gender structure was (according to the prognosis) as follows:
| Age in years | male (in millions) | female (in millions) | total (in millions) | Share of the total number of eligible voters |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18-20 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 2.6 | 4.2% |
| 21-29 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 7.6 | 12.2% |
| 30-39 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 8.5 | 13.7% |
| 40-49 | 6.5 | 6.3 | 12.8 | 20.6% |
| 50-59 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 10.6 | 17.0% |
| 60-69 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 8.7 | 14.0% |
| 70 and more | 4.5 | 6.9 | 11.4 | 18.3% |
| All in all | 30.0 | 32.2 | 62.2 | 100.0% |
Around nine percent of those eligible to vote in the 2009 Bundestag election had a migration background .
Election result
The winners of the election were the opposition parties from the previous electoral term : with 14.56 percent, the FDP achieved the highest Bundestag election result in its party history. The Left with 11.88 percent and the Greens with 10.71 percent also achieved record values. In contrast, the SPD lost over 11.2 percentage points, which is the largest percentage point loss for a party in a federal election. With just 23.03 percent of the vote, the party recorded the worst Bundestag election result in its history to date. While the CDU remained relatively stable (- 0.51 percentage points ), the poor performance of the CSU (- 0.86 percentage points nationwide; - 6.7 percentage points in Bavaria, the only state in which it competes) contributed to the losses the Union. The voter turnout reached an all-time low of 70.78 percent. The number of overhang seats rose to a record value of 24. A majority in the 17th German Bundestag, which has a total of 622 members, results from 312 votes. The coalition formed by the CDU, CSU and FDP has 332 votes.
The overhang mandates led to the following curious situation: SPD, Greens and FDP together had 48.3% of the second votes, CDU / CSU and Left together had 45.7% of the second votes. Accordingly, the SPD, Greens and FDP are entitled to 51.38%, the CDU / CSU and the Left 48.62% of the mandates. In fact, the CDU / CSU and the Left jointly had 315 seats, while the SPD, Greens and FDP only had 307 seats. That is 2.6% fewer second votes, but 8 more seats. “The FDP therefore has no chance to change sides. And for the SPD there is no arithmetical possibility to provide the chancellor. "
Final overall result
| Parties | Seats |
|---|---|
| Absolute majority (312 seats) | |
| Union, SPD | 385 |
| Union, FDP | 332 |
| Total seats | 622 |
| Political party | First votes | Second votes | Mandates | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Directly | Country list |
total | |||||||||||
| number | % | +/- | number | % | +/- | total | Overh. 1 | number | +/- | % | |||
| CDU | 13,856,674 | 32.0 | −0.6 | 11,828,277 | 27.3 | −0.5 | 173 | 21st | 21st | 194 | +14 | 31.2 | |
| SPD | 12,079,758 | 27.9 | −10.5 | 9,990,488 | 23.0 | −11.2 | 64 | - | 82 | 146 | −76 | 23.5 | |
| FDP | 4,076,496 | 9.4 | +4.7 | 6,316,080 | 14.6 | +4.7 | - | - | 93 | 93 | +32 | 15.0 | |
| THE LEFT | 4,791,124 | 11.1 | +3.1 | 5,155,933 | 11.9 | +3.2 | 16 | - | 60 | 76 | +22 | 12.2 | |
| GREEN | 3,977,125 | 9.2 | +3.8 | 4,643,272 | 10.7 | +2.6 | 1 | - | 67 | 68 | +17 | 10.9 | |
| CSU | 3,191,000 | 7.4 | −0.9 | 2,830,238 | 6.5 | −0.9 | 45 | 3 | - | 45 | −1 | 7.2 | |
| PIRATES | 46,770 | 0.1 | +0.1 | 847.870 | 2.0 | +2.0 | |||||||
| NPD | 768,442 | 1.8 | −0.0 | 635.525 | 1.5 | −0.1 | |||||||
| The animal welfare party | 16,887 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 230,872 | 0.5 | +0.3 | |||||||
| REP | 30,061 | 0.1 | −0.0 | 193,396 | 0.4 | −0.1 | |||||||
| ödp | 105,653 | 0.2 | +0.2 | 132,249 | 0.3 | +0.3 | |||||||
| FAMILY | 17,848 | 0.0 | −0.1 | 120,718 | 0.3 | −0.1 | |||||||
| RRP | 37,946 | 0.1 | +0.1 | 100,605 | 0.2 | +0.2 | |||||||
| PENSIONER | 56,399 | 0.1 | +0.1 | ||||||||||
| BP | 32,324 | 0.1 | +0.0 | 48,311 | 0.1 | +0.0 | |||||||
| DVU | 45,752 | 0.1 | +0.1 | ||||||||||
| PBC | 12,052 | 0.0 | −0.1 | 40,370 | 0.1 | −0.1 | |||||||
| BüSo | 34,894 | 0.1 | −0.0 | 38,706 | 0.1 | +0.0 | |||||||
| THE VIOLETS | 5,794 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 31,957 | 0.1 | +0.1 | |||||||
| MLPD | 17,512 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 29,261 | 0.1 | −0.0 | |||||||
| Referendum | 2,550 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 23,015 | 0.1 | +0.0 | |||||||
| FWD | 11,243 | 0.0 | +0.0 | ||||||||||
| CM | 6,826 | 0.0 | +0.0 | ||||||||||
| CENTER | 369 | 0.0 | −0.0 | 6,087 | 0.0 | +0.0 | |||||||
| PSG | 2,957 | 0.0 | −0.0 | ||||||||||
| ADM | 396 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 2,889 | 0.0 | +0.0 | |||||||
| DKP | 929 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 1,894 | 0.0 | +0.0 | |||||||
| Free Union | 6.121 | 0.0 | +0.0 | ||||||||||
| Rest | 139.275 | 0.3 | −0.0 | ||||||||||
| total | 43,248,000 | 100.0 | 43.371.190 | 100.0 | 299 | 24 | 323 | 622 | |||||
| Valid votes | 43,248,000 | 98.3 | 43.371.190 | 98.6 | |||||||||
| Invalid votes | 757.575 | 1.7 | 634.385 | 1.4 | |||||||||
| voter turnout | 44.005.575 | 70.8 | 44.005.575 | 70.8 | |||||||||
| Non-voters | 18.162.914 | 29.2 | 18.162.914 | 29.2 | |||||||||
| Eligible voters | 62.168.489 | 100.0 | 62.168.489 | 100.0 | |||||||||
| Source: Federal Returning Officer | |||||||||||||
1 The 24 overhang mandates for the CDU / CSU were distributed among the countries as follows:
- 1 in Schleswig-Holstein (CDU)
- 1 in Thuringia (CDU)
- 1 in Saarland (CDU)
- 2 in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (CDU)
- 2 in Rhineland-Palatinate (CDU)
- 4 in Saxony (CDU)
- 10 in Baden-Württemberg (CDU)
- 3 in Bavaria (CSU)
Result by country
The second votes for the parties are decisive for the distribution of mandates via the state lists. The Sainte-Laguë / Schepers method is used. First of all, the seats of each party in the Bundestag are calculated nationwide using divisors directly from the number of second votes (not indirectly using percentages). The seats determined in this way are then distributed to the national groups of the individual parties via further divisors. Only then will the direct mandates (resulting from the first vote) be netted. If the number of direct mandates for one party per federal state is less than the number of seats, the rest is distributed via the state list. Otherwise the country list does not apply.
The second vote percentages of the parties represented in the Bundestag (second vote shares per country in percent, strongest party in bold, rounded to one place after the decimal point):
| country | CDU / CSU | SPD | FDP | LEFT | GREEN | Others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baden-Württemberg | 34.4 | 19.3 | 18.8 | 7.2 | 13.9 | 6.4 |
| Bavaria | 42.5 | 16.8 | 14.7 | 6.5 | 10.8 | 8.7 |
| Berlin | 22.8 | 20.2 | 11.5 | 20.2 | 17.4 | 7.9 |
| Brandenburg | 23.6 | 25.1 | 9.3 | 28.5 | 6.1 | 7.4 |
| Bremen | 23.9 | 30.2 | 10.6 | 14.3 | 15.4 | 5.6 |
| Hamburg | 27.8 | 27.4 | 13.2 | 11.2 | 15.6 | 4.8 |
| Hesse | 32.2 | 25.6 | 16.6 | 8.5 | 12.0 | 5.1 |
| Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania | 33.1 | 16.6 | 9.8 | 29.0 | 5.5 | 6.0 |
| Lower Saxony | 33.2 | 29.3 | 13.3 | 8.6 | 10.7 | 4.9 |
| North Rhine-Westphalia | 33.1 | 28.5 | 14.9 | 8.4 | 10.1 | 5.0 |
| Rhineland-Palatinate | 35.0 | 23.8 | 16.6 | 9.4 | 9.7 | 5.5 |
| Saarland | 30.7 | 24.7 | 11.9 | 21.2 | 6.8 | 4.7 |
| Saxony | 35.6 | 14.6 | 13.3 | 24.5 | 6.7 | 5.3 |
| Saxony-Anhalt | 30.1 | 16.9 | 10.3 | 32.4 | 5.1 | 5.2 |
| Schleswig-Holstein | 32.2 | 26.8 | 16.3 | 7.9 | 12.7 | 4.1 |
| Thuringia | 31.2 | 17.6 | 9.8 | 28.8 | 6.0 | 6.6 |
Source: Federal Returning Officer
Regional differences
|
|
Source: Federal Returning Officer
Response rates and proportion of non-voters
|
Bundestag election 2009 with non-voters
Response rates of the parties and proportion of non-voters
% 30th 20th 10
0
23.6
16.1
10.2
8.3
7.5
1.4
2.8
1.0
29.2
Gains and losses
|
Voting cards: Second vote results of the parties
CDU / CSU 
SPD 
FDP 
The left 
Alliance 90 / The Greens 
PIRATES
Elected MPs
Reactions from the parties
The Union and the FDP announced swift coalition negotiations in which the program and the composition of a joint government should be worked out. A new government should be in place by November 9, 2009, said Angela Merkel. Frank-Walter Steinmeier announced a substantive reorientation for the SPD and a critical examination of the causes of the election losses.
Almost four weeks after the federal election, Chancellor Angela Merkel , Guido Westerwelle and Horst Seehofer presented a coalition agreement on October 24, 2009 in Berlin with the title “Growth. Education. Cohesion. ” The main task for the coming legislative period is to overcome the economic crisis, which is to be achieved, among other things, by passing a law to accelerate growth . Tax cuts of 24 billion euros were also planned.
literature
- From Politics and Contemporary History 51/2009: Bundestag election 2009 (PDF file; 1.9 MB) .
- Felix Butzlaff , Stine Harm, Franz Walter (eds.): Stalemate or tide change? Germany 2009. VS Verlag, Wiesbaden 2009, ISBN 978-3-531-16203-4 . (Göttingen studies on party research)
- Thorsten Faas , Kai Arzheimer , Sigrid Roßteutscher , Bernhard Weßels (eds.): Coalitions, candidates, communication. Analysis of the 2009 Bundestag election. Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2013, ISBN 978-3-531-18047-2 .
- Eckhard Jesse , Roland Sturm (Ed.): Balance of the Bundestag election 2009: Requirements - Results - Consequences. Nomos, Baden-Baden 2012, ISBN 978-3-8329-7606-4 .
- Karl-Rudolf Korte (Hrsg.): The Bundestag election 2009. Analysis of election, party, communication and government research. VS Verlag, Wiesbaden 2010, ISBN 978-3-531-17476-1 .
- Matthias Machnig , Joachim Raschke (eds.): Where is Germany heading? Bundestag election 2009. A look behind the scenes. Hoffmann and Campe, Hamburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-455-50113-1 .
- Hans Rattinger , Sigrid Roßteutscher, Rüdiger Schmitt-Beck, Bernhard Weßels (eds.): Between boredom and extremes. The 2009 Bundestag election. Nomos, Baden-Baden 2011, ISBN 978-3-8329-5889-3 .
- Hans-Jörg Schmedes: Voting in Europe. The OSCE's observation of the 2009 Bundestag elections. In: Journal for Parliamentary Issues . 1/2010, pp. 77-91.
- Johanna Thiel: Staged Politics in the Bundestag Election Campaigns 2005 and 2009. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2011, ISBN 978-3-631-61858-5 .
- Bernhard Weßels, Harald Schoen, Oscar W. Gabriel (eds.) Elections and voters: analyzes on the occasion of the 2009 federal election. Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2013, ISBN 978-3-658-01327-1 .
- Kürschner's People's Handbook of the German Bundestag -17. Electoral term. NDV Neue Darmstädter Verlagsanstalt , Rheinbreitbach 2011, ISBN 978-3-87576-691-2 .
Web links
Wikinews: Bundestag Election 2009 - in the news- Federal Returning Officer
- Tips for the 2009 Bundestag election
- Negative voting weight - Bundestag election 2009
- Bundestag election 2009 on the information portal on political education
- Results of the 2009 Bundestag election by the Federal Returning Officer
- Parteivergleich.eu Answers from 18 parties to 100 questions about the 2009 Bundestag election
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Final result of the 2009 Bundestag election ( Memento from October 11, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) The Federal Returning Officer
- ↑ The Federal Returning Officer : Final result of the 2005 Bundestag election ( Memento from December 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ FDP makes Merkel Chancellor of Black and Yellow on t-online.de
- ↑ Federal Returning Officer: Results of the Bundestag elections 1949 to 2005 ( Memento from August 18, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Roderich Egeler ( Federal Returning Officer ): 49 parties and political associations reported participation in the federal election ( memento from September 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), press release from June 30, 2009.
- ↑ Federal Returning Officer: 29 parties can take part in the 2009 Bundestag election ( Memento of May 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive ): Overview of political associations recognized as parties in the Federal Election Committee, press release of July 17, 2009.
- ^ Approval of the state lists on Wahlrecht.de
- ↑ Why the election supervisor's premiere turned into a farce , Spiegel online , August 7, 2009.
- ↑ Party law expert criticizes the Federal Election Committee , in Spiegel online, August 8, 2009.
- ^ Federal Constitutional Court: Complaint on election review by the federal chairman of the PARTY inadmissible . Press release. April 20, 2011. Accessed on April 20, 2011 (BVerfG: Decision of April 10, 2011 - 1 2 BvC 12/10 - . Accessed on April 20, 2011.)
- ↑ Kurt Beck's resignation: Fear and Terror at the Schwielowsee. In: stern.de. September 8, 2008, accessed June 30, 2012 .
- ^ Frank-Walter Steinmeier elected SPD candidate for chancellor. In: SPD.de. October 18, 2008, archived from the original on November 19, 2008 ; Retrieved November 13, 2008 (press release 559/08).
- ↑ Steinmeier: No red-red coalition in the federal government - “It doesn't work” ( Memento from September 24, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) at n24.de
- ↑ “Red-Red-Green is not an option for the federal government” , interview with Oskar Lafontaine, donaukurier.de
- ↑ https://rp-online.de/politik/deutschland/lafontaine-gegen-rot-rot-gruen-im-bund_aid-12098153
- ↑ Westerwelle wants to make history , in: Der Tagesspiegel , September 20, 2009.
- ↑ Greens set their government goals and shut down Jamaica from Welt-Online from September 18, 2009, accessed on January 22, 2010.
- ^ "The voters are disregarded" ( Memento from September 24, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), comment by Bettina Freitag, ARD-Hauptstadtstudio , September 21, 2009.
- ↑ "Everyone in the Ypsilanti Trap" , comment by Thorsten Denkler, sueddeutsche.de, September 20, 2009.
- ↑ a b c d election program of the CDU
- ^ Electoral manifesto of the CSU ( Memento of April 24, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF)
- ↑ a b c d election manifesto of the SPD ( Memento of July 10, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF)
- ↑ a b c d election manifesto of the FDP ( Memento from April 12, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b c d GRÜNEN election manifesto ( Memento of February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF file; 1.2 MB)
- ↑ GRÜNEN election manifesto 2005 ( Memento from May 5, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF file; 728 kB)
- ↑ a b c d election manifesto of the LEFT ( Memento of July 11, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF file; 309 kB)
- ↑ Paul Wursch: power of opinion polls - The drug Demoskopie . In Die Tageszeitung , September 23, 2009.
- ↑ a b c d e f Survey results from Allensbach, Emnid, Forsa, Forschungsgruppe Wahlen, GMS and Infratest-dimap at Wahlrecht.de
- ↑ INFO GmbH survey results
- ↑ a b Sainte-Laguë / Schepers procedure with the figures from 2009 ( Memento from May 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF)
- ↑ Section 3 (1) sentence 2 of the Federal Election Act
- ↑ Annex to Section 2, Paragraph 2 of the Federal Election Act ( Memento of April 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Mitteldeutsche Zeitung: Bundestag election - Saxony-Anhalt lost an electoral district - Reason: Continuing decline in the number of inhabitants - Saxony is doing the same - Nine parties are running with state lists
- ↑ All overhang seats that arose from federal elections
- ↑ Incidence of overhang mandates in the countries and the consequences
- ↑ Bundestag election 2009: Schäuble: Date on September 27th. In: sueddeutsche.de. September 4, 2008, accessed October 15, 2015 .
- ↑ The Federal Cabinet determines the day of the European elections and recommends the date for the Bundestag election to the Federal President. In: bmi.bund.de. December 10, 2008, archived from the original on December 26, 2008 ; Retrieved December 21, 2008 .
- ^ Information from the Federal Returning Officer on the deployment of election workers from September 14, 2009 ( Memento from September 24, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ OSCE assesses election stop for Pauli party, in Der Spiegel online, on August 9, 2009.
- ↑ a b Report of the OSCE on the 2009 Bundestag election, December 14, 2009, p. 15 f., P. 23.
- ↑ Information on the television duel ( Memento from August 14, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) ( www.tagesschau.de )
- ↑ Federal Returning Officer: Representative election statistics for the 2009 Bundestag election ( Memento of the original from October 11, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ zeit.de April 11, 2013: A wink to the racists. - So far, no party has dared to confront its racist voters. But they will have to do that. Because more and more migrants are allowed to vote.
- ↑ sueddeutsche.de
- ↑ Press release on the final official result of the 2009 Bundestag election ( memento of October 18, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) - percentage overview at the Federal Returning Officer
- ↑ Final result of the 2009 Bundestag election in the federal states ( Memento of the original from September 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c Information from the Federal Returning Officer, Volume 3, Final Results by Constituency, Tables 11 and 13 ( Memento from June 16, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF file; 4 MB)
- ↑ Federal Returning Officer: Federal Results - Final Results of the Federal Parliament Election 2009 ( Memento of the original from October 11, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. and own calculations
- ↑ cf. Martin Kessler, Gregor Mayntz: Merkel: New government until November 9 ( memento from October 3, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) at rp-online.de, September 29, 2009.
- ↑ Merkel promises far-reaching relief from Spiegel Online , October 24, 2009, accessed on January 22, 2010.
