Federal Parliament election 2002
The 2002 Bundestag election took place on September 22, 2002. About 61.4 million Germans were eligible to vote in the election for the 15th German Bundestag . What was unusual about the outcome of the election was the small difference of around 6,000 second votes (0.01%) between the SPD and the CDU / CSU. As a result of the election, the red-green coalition that had ruled since 1998 was continued: Gerhard Schröder remained Federal Chancellor and formed the Schröder II cabinet .
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24 parties took part in the federal election with state lists :
The SPD , Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen , FDP , PDS and NPD were represented with state lists in all 16 federal states , the CDU in all states except Bavaria , the CSU only in Bavaria. The Schill party stood for election in all countries except Saxony-Anhalt .
The number of candidates, the seats in the Bundestag and the constituencies were lower than in the 1998 Bundestag election . 3542 candidates (1998: 5062), around 29% of whom were women, applied for a seat in the Bundestag, which had been reduced to 598 members (1998: 656). The number of constituencies was reduced by 29 to 299.
Federal Chancellor Gerhard Schröder (SPD) was again the SPD's candidate for chancellor . The Union parties nominated Edmund Stoiber after Angela Merkel had given up her candidacy in January 2002 ( Wolfratshauser Breakfast ). The FDP nominated for the 2002 election - for the first time in its history - its top candidate, Guido Westerwelle , as candidate for chancellor; with this she presented herself as an independent force and hoped (as it turned out in vain) for a significantly higher election result ( project 18 ).
Campaign issues
Important topics of the election campaign were the positioning on the looming Iraq war , the work of the Hartz Commission , reforms in the education system against the background of the results of the PISA study 2000 and the ecological tax .
The parties had to struggle with various affairs: the CDU with the CDU donation affair that had dragged on since 1999 , the SPD with the Cologne donation affair about waste incineration plants , the FDP with the leaflet affair about Jürgen Möllemann and in particular the Greens and PDS with the bonus miles affair .
The evaluation of the crisis management during the Elbe flood in 2002 also had an influence : One of the reasons for the narrow election victory of the red-green government under Chancellor Schröder is its good and media-effective crisis management; His apathy cost the FDP top candidate Guido Westerwelle a lot of sympathy, which contributed to the unexpectedly poor result of his party.
There were two television duels between the Chancellor candidates Schröder and Stoiber. The Federal Constitutional Court rejected a constitutional complaint by the FDP regarding the eligibility of its candidate Westerwelle because Westerwelle had insufficient prospects for election as Chancellor.
Election result
Official end result
(old federal states incl. Berlin-West)
(new federal states)
The turnout was 79.1%.
| First votes | Second votes | |
|---|---|---|
| Eligible voters | 61,432,868 | 61,432,868 |
| Voters | 48,582,761 | 48,582,761 |
| Invalid | 741.037 | 586.281 |
| Valid votes | 47,841,724 | 47.996.480 |
This included:
| Political party | First votes |
percent | Direct mandates |
Second votes |
percent | Percent profit / loss |
Seats | Sit win / lose |
Overhang mandates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPD | 20,059,967 | 41.930 | 171 | 18,488,668 | 38,521 | −2.4 | 251 | −47 | 4th |
| CDU | 15,336,512 | 32.057 | 82 | 14,167,561 | 29,518 | +1.1 | 190 | −8 | 1 |
| CSU | 4,311,178 | 9.011 | 43 | 4,315,080 | 8,990 | +2.2 | 58 | +11 | - |
| GREEN | 2,693,794 | 5.631 | 1 | 4,110,355 | 8,564 | +1.9 | 55 | +8 | - |
| FDP | 2,752,796 | 5.754 | - | 3,538,815 | 7.373 | +1.2 | 47 | +4 | - |
| PDS | 2,079,203 | 4,346 | 2 | 1,916,702 | 3.993 | −1.1 | 2 | −34 | - |
| Schill | 120,330 | 0.251 | - | 400,476 | 0.834 | - | - | - | - |
| REP | 55,947 | 0.117 | - | 280,671 | 0.585 | - | - | - | - |
| NPD | 103.209 | 0.216 | - | 215.232 | 0.448 | - | - | - | - |
| Animal welfare | 8,858 | 0.018 | - | 159,655 | 0.333 | - | - | - | - |
| GRAY | 75,490 | 0.158 | - | 114.224 | 0.238 | - | - | - | - |
| PBC | 71.106 | 0.149 | - | 101,645 | 0.212 | - | - | - | - |
| ödp | 56,593 | 0.118 | - | 56,898 | 0.119 | - | - | - | - |
| THE WOMEN | 2,264 | 0.005 | - | 36,832 | 0.077 | - | - | - | - |
| FAMILY | 15,138 | 0.032 | - | 30,045 | 0.063 | - | - | - | - |
| BüSo | 22,531 | 0.047 | - | 16,958 | 0.035 | - | - | - | - |
| CM | 2,413 | 0.005 | - | 15,440 | 0.032 | - | - | - | - |
| BP | 6,757 | 0.014 | - | 9,379 | 0.020 | - | - | - | - |
| PRG | 4,363 | 0.009 | - | 7,499 | 0.016 | - | - | - | - |
| START | 2,895 | 0.006 | - | 4,697 | 0.010 | - | - | - | - |
| CENTER | 1,823 | 0.004 | - | 3.127 | 0.007 | - | - | - | - |
| HP | 1,385 | 0.003 | - | 2,485 | 0.005 | - | - | - | - |
| Violet | 840 | 0.002 | - | 2,412 | 0.005 | - | - | - | - |
| KPD | 686 | 0.001 | - | 1,624 | 0.003 | - | - | - | - |
| DSU | 6.003 | 0.013 | - | not started | - | - | - | - | - |
| DKP | 3,953 | 0.008 | - | not started | - | - | - | - | - |
| FP Germany | 2.003 | 0.004 | - | not started | - | - | - | - | - |
| Germany | 571 | 0.001 | - | not started | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other parties | 43,116 | 0.090 | - | not started | - | - | - | - | - |
| total | 47,841,724 | 100,000 | 299 | 47.996.480 | 100,000 | - | 603 | -66 | 5 |
- In this election, for the first time since the 1949 Bundestag election, neither the SPD nor the Union achieved at least 40% of the second vote, and both achieved 38.5% each.
- The PDS lost its parliamentary group status and only moved into the Bundestag with two directly elected members ( Gesine Lötzsch and Petra Pau ).
- Of the five overhang seats, two were canceled by the end of the electoral term, one SPD member died and another SPD member waived his seat.
- For the first time in the history of the elections to the German Bundestag, a direct candidate set up by Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen was able to win a constituency: Hans-Christian Ströbele achieved 31.6% of the votes in the constituency of Berlin-Friedrichshain - Kreuzberg - Prenzlauer Berg Ost and was ahead of his Competitors Andreas Matthae (SPD, 29.2%) and Bärbel Grygier (PDS, 22.6%).
Response rates and proportion of non-voters
|
Federal Parliament election 2002 with non-voters
Response rates of the parties and proportion of non-voters
% 40 30th 20th 10
0
30.1
30.1
6.7
5.8
3.1
2.4
1.0
20.9
Gains and losses
|
Election process
The polling stations were open from 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. on September 22nd. The first forecast was made at 6:00 pm, followed by various extrapolations over the course of the evening . At 6 p.m. ARD saw red-green behind black-yellow, ZDF saw both the same and RTL, in turn, saw a majority for red-green.
At around 6:47 p.m. Edmund Stoiber assumed that the intended bourgeois coalition of the CDU / CSU and FDP had won the election. In the ARD projections at this point in time, black and yellow were actually in front. However, this changed more and more in the course of the evening in favor of a narrow election victory for red-green.
The preliminary official election results and the subsequent allocation of seats was still on election night in Berlin at the Reichstag announced, however, until well after midnight. The SPD was ahead of the Union parties with just 6027 second votes. The narrow difference between the SPD and the CDU / CSU was not decisive for the formation of the government, as the SPD and the Greens had a combined lead of around 577,000 votes over the CDU / CSU and FDP.
The final official election result was determined by the Federal Electoral Committee on October 9th.
Election review complaints
Due to a number of complaints from the Federal Constitutional Court against the decision of the German Bundestag on objections to the validity of the 2002 Bundestag elections, a recount took place in mid-January 2005 in the two Berlin constituencies won by the PDS candidates ( Petra Pau and Gesine Lötzsch ). It should check whether the second votes of those voters are relevant to the mandate who voted for PDS candidates with their first vote and a different state list with their second vote. In doing so, they achieved double the success value of their votes. However, no relevance to the mandate was established.
If the Federal Constitutional Court subtracted these votes from the result of the votes of the individual parties to be taken into account for the distribution of seats, the most likely consequence of significant mandate would have been that the SPD would have lost B. 54,000 votes would have received an additional seat - a consequence of the negative voting weight of the federal election system criticized by electoral lawyers .
See also
literature
- From Politics and Contemporary History 49–50 / 2002: Federal Parliament election 2002 (PDF; 2.3 MB) .
- Knut Bergmann: The TV duels in the federal election campaign 2002 , in: ZParl , 1/2005.
- Frank Brettschneider , Jan van Deth , Edeltraud Roller (ed.): The Federal Parliament election 2002. Analysis of the election results and the election campaign , VS Verlag , Wiesbaden 2004, ISBN 3-8100-4123-8 .
- Vito Cecere: ruling party in the directional election campaign . On the communication strategy of the SPD in the federal election campaign in 2002 . Jürgen Dittberner : The 2002 Bundestag election campaign of the FDP and the consequences: Functional party or liberal renaissance? Florian Hartleb, Eckhard Jesse : A look back and forward: Factor “coincidence” or calculated chancellor strategy? The SPD in the federal election campaigns in 2002 and 2005 . In: Axel Balzer, Marvin Geilich, Shamim Rafat (eds.): Politics as a brand. Political mediation between communication and staging . Lit Verlag , Münster 2005, ISBN 3-8258-8146-6 .
- Jürgen W. Falter , Oscar W. Gabriel , Bernhard Weßels (Hrsg.): Elections and voters. Analyzes on the occasion of the Federal Parliament election 2002 . VS Verlag, Wiesbaden 2005, ISBN 978-3-531-14137-4 .
- Manfred Güllner , Hermann Dülmer, Markus Klein, Hans-Dieter Klingemann, Dieter Ohr, Markus Quandt, Ulrich Rosar: The Federal Parliament election 2002: An investigation under the sign of high political dynamism . VS Verlag, Wiesbaden 2005, ISBN 978-3-531-14004-9 .
- Richard Hilmer : Federal Parliament election 2002. A second chance for red-green . In: ZParl , 1/2003, pp. 187-219.
- Christina Holtz-Bacha (ed.): The mass media in the election campaign. The 2002 Bundestag election . VS Verlag, Wiesbaden 2003, ISBN 978-3-531-14028-5 .
- Tomas Jerkovic: TV duels 2002. Theatrical politics in the adventure society . Scientific publishing house, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-86573-141-4 .
- Eckhard Jesse (Hrsg.): Balance of the Federal Parliament election 2002. Requirements, results, consequences. Westdeutscher Verlag, Wiesbaden 2003, ISBN 978-3-531-14172-5 .
- Gero Neugebauer , Richard Stöss : Got away with a black eye. An analysis of the 2002 Bundestag election . Berlin 2002.
- Wichard Woyke : Federal Parliament election 2002. Elections, voters, election campaign . Leske + Budrich, Opladen 2002, ISBN 3-8100-3508-4 .
- Majority is majority . In: Der Spiegel , special election issue 2002, pp. 8–15
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Election to the 15th German Bundestag on September 22, 2002 ( Memento from January 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) The Federal Returning Officer
- ^ Election to the 14th German Bundestag on September 27, 1998 ( Memento of April 16, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) The Federal Returning Officer
- ^ Chancellor duel: Guido W. has to stay outside. August 30, 2002, accessed November 22, 2015 .
- ^ Voting behavior in the Federal Parliament election 2002 by gender and age Tim C. Werner.
- ^ Voting behavior in the Federal Parliament election 2002 by gender and age Tim C. Werner
- ↑ Federal Returning Officer: Federal result - final result of the Federal Parliament election 2002 ( Memento of January 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) and own calculations
