Bundestag election 1949

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Election to the 1st Bundestag in 19491953 →
(in %)
 %
40
30th
20th
10
0
31.0
29.2
11.9
5.7
4.2
4.0
3.1
2.9
1.8
6.2
Otherwise. j
Template: election chart / maintenance / notes
Remarks:
Distribution of seats in the
1st German Bundestag
according to parliamentary groups
           
A total of 402 seats

The 1949 federal election took place on August 14, 1949. It was the first federal election ever and - after the elections to the state parliaments and the local elections in the years since 1946 - the first completely free election on German soil since the Reichstag election of November 6, 1932 .

The vote

Ballot
Election poster of the CDU
Election poster of the SPD

The election took place only in the newly established Federal Republic of place, the Basic Law on behalf of the three Western occupying powers from the Parliamentary Council in Bonn worked out, approved by them, with the exception of Bavaria by all provincial assemblies in the three western zones adopted and then on 23 May 1949 announced had been. This Basic Law only stipulated that the members of the German Bundestag should be elected for four years in general, direct, free, equal and secret elections. The rest of the matter was regulated by the electoral law for the first Bundestag and the first Federal Assembly of the Federal Republic of Germany , which the Parliamentary Council decided and which the Prime Ministers of the federal states had made with the changes made by the Allied military governors .

The mandates were then distributed at the state level. The five percent hurdle only applied nationwide. In order to move into the Bundestag, a party only needed to get five percent of the vote in one country or to win an electoral district directly, which limited the effect of the threshold clause. However, parties that were nationwide over 5% received no seats in the federal states in which they neither won 5% nor a direct mandate. In contrast to all later federal elections, voters only had one vote. Eleven parties were represented in the first Bundestag, including the Südschleswigsche Voters' Association with MP Hermann Clausen . The three independent MPs were Eduard Edert from the Flensburg constituency , Richard Freudenberg from the Mannheim-Land constituency and Franz Ott from the Esslingen constituency . In Flensburg the CDU, FDP, DP, Zentrum and DKP / DRP had renounced their own candidates in favor of Ederts and in Mannheim-Land the FDP / DVP in favor of Freudenberg. Ott belonged to the expellees' organization Notgemeinschaft Württemberg-Baden , which had not received a party license from the occupying powers.

The number of parties was limited, since until March 17, 1950 parties needed a license from the respective occupying power.

The first Bundestag had 410 members, including 402 members with full and eight Berlin members with limited voting rights. The high voter turnout of 78.5% was also seen politically as approval of the electorate for the Basic Law, which only the state parliaments had voted on.

On February 1, 1952, eleven additional Berlin MPs entered the Bundestag, bringing the total number of MPs to 421.

Bottom line

Overall result

The result was as follows:

Subject
of evidence		 Number /
votes		 percent Direct
candidates
data		 Direct
MAN
date		 Seats 1 Overhang mandates
Eligible voters 31.207.620
Voters 24,495,614 78.5
Valid votes 23,732,398 96.9
from that:
Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU) 5,978,636 25.2 189 91 115
(2) 		1 ( bathing )
Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU) 1,380,448 05.8 047 24 024 -
Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 6,934,975 29.2 242 96 131
(5) 		1 (Bremen)
Free Democratic Party (FDP / DVP / BDV ) 2,829,920 11.9 234 12 052
(1) 		-
Communist Party of Germany (KPD) 1,361,706 05.7 242 - 015th -
Bavarian Party (BP) 986.478 04.2 047 11 017th -
German Party (DP) 939.934 04.0 057 05 017th -
German Center Party (DZP) 727.505 03.1 113 - 010 -
Economic Development Association (WAV) 681.888 02.9 047 - 012 -
German Conservative Party - German Right Party (DKP-DRP) 429.031 01.8 114 - 005 -
Radical Social Freedom Party (RSF / FSP / SFP ) 216,749 00.9 126 - - -
South Schleswig Association of Voters (SSW) 75,388 00.3 006th - 001 -
Collection on the deed / European People's Movement in Germany (SzT / EVD) 26,162 00.1 011 - - -
Rhenish-Westphalian People's Party (RWVP) 21,931 00.1 064 - - -
Non-party 1,141,647 04.8 115 03 003 -
total 23,732,398 100 1654 242 402
(8) 		2
1In brackets the number of Berlin Bundestag members elected on the same day by the Berlin City Council who do not have full voting rights . On February 1, 1952, another four SPD, three CDU and four FDP members joined the Bundestag from Berlin.

The strengths of the factions changed in the course of the legislative period due to conversions and by-elections . On the day of the Chancellor election, September 15, 1949, one of the three independent MPs joined the CDU / CSU and one from the FDP parliamentary group. Heinrich Leuchtgens , who was elected via the Hessian FDP state list, became a member of the DRP parliamentary group.

Result by federal state

First majority in the constituencies:
  • SPD
  • CDU / CSU
  • FDP
  • BP
  • DP
  • Independent

    • The results in the individual countries:

    Share of votes by federal state in percent
    country CDU /
    CSU    		 SPD FDP KPD BP DP DZP WAV DKP-
    DRP    		 RSF SSW SzT-
    EVD    		 RWVP Un-
    dep.
    to bathe 51.1 23.7 17.4 4.2 3.6
    Württemberg-Baden 31.0 25.2 18.2 7.4 0.1 18.0
    Württ.-Hohenzollern 59.1 18.9 15.3 5.3 1.5
    Bavaria 29.2 22.7 8.5 4.1 20.9 14.4 0.1
    Bremen 16.9 34.4 12.9 6.8 18.0 2.1 9.0
    Hamburg 19.7 39.6 15.8 8.5 13.1 1.2 1.5 0.5
    Hesse 21.4 32.1 28.1 6.7 11.8
    Lower Saxony 17.6 33.4 7.5 3.1 17.8 3.4 8.1 1.0 8.1
    North Rhine-Westphalia 36.9 31.4 8.6 7.6 8.9 1.8 2.1 0.3 2.3
    Rhineland-Palatinate 49.0 28.6 15.8 6.2 0.3
    Schleswig-Holstein 30.7 29.6 7.4 3.1 12.1 0.9 1.9 1.3 5.4 7.6
    total 31.0 29.2 11.9 5.7 4.2 4.0 3.1 2.9 1.8 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.1 4.8
    (South) Baden
    Subject
    of evidence     		Number /
    votes     		% Direct
    candidates
    data     		Direct
    MAN
    date     		Seats
    Eligible voters 813.924
    Voters 570.329 70.1
    Valid votes 542.723 95.2
    from that:
    CDU 277.276 51.1 7th 7th 7 *
    SPD 128,599 23.7 7th 3
    FDP 94,612 17.4 7th 2
    KPD 22,755 4.2 7th
    EVD 19,481 3.6 7th
    total 542.723 100 35 7th 12 (11) *
    *) An overhang mandate for the CDU, therefore 12 instead of 11 seats.
    Württemberg-Baden
    Subject
    of evidence     		Number /
    votes     		% Direct
    candidates
    data     		Direct
    MAN
    date     		Seats
    Eligible voters 2,517,274
    Voters 1,825,339 70.1
    Valid votes 1,749,271 95.8
    from that:
    CDU 542,588 31.0 20th 11 12
    SPD 441.237 25.2 20th 5 10
    FDP (DVP) 318,498 18.2 19th 2 7th
    KPD 129,283 7.4 20th 2
    RSF 2,428 0.1 2
    Non-party 315.237 18.0 21st 2 2
    total 1,749,271 100 102 20th 33
    Württemberg-Hohenzollern
    Subject
    of evidence     		Number /
    votes     		% Direct
    candidates
    data     		Direct
    MAN
    date     		Seats
    Eligible voters 725.732
    Voters 469.196 64.7
    Valid votes 453.459 96.6
    from that:
    CDU 267.964 59.1 6th 5 7th
    SPD 85,670 18.9 6th 1 2
    FDP 69,271 15.3 6th 1
    KPD 23,873 5.3 6th
    EVD 6,681 1.5 4th
    total 453.459 100 28 6th 10
    Bavaria
    Subject
    of evidence     		Number /
    votes     		% Direct
    candidates
    data     		Direct
    MAN
    date     		Seats
    Eligible voters 5,984,175
    Voters 4,851,576 81.1
    Valid votes 4727.623 97.4
    from that:
    CSU 1,380,448 29.2 47 24 24
    SPD 1,075,416 22.7 47 12 18th
    BP 986.478 20.9 47 11 17th
    WAV 681.888 14.4 47 12
    FDP 404.145 8.5 47 7th
    KPD 195.852 4.1 47
    Non-party 3,396 0.1 1
    total 4,727,623 100 283 47 78
    Bremen
    Subject
    of evidence     		Number /
    votes     		% Direct
    candidates
    data     		Direct
    MAN
    date     		Seats
    Eligible voters 379,839
    Voters 310.980 81.9
    Valid votes 303.865 97.7
    from that:
    SPD 104.509 34.4 3 3 3 *
    DP 54,569 18.0 3 1
    CDU 51,290 16.9 3 1
    FDP 39,228 12.9 3
    KPD 20,530 6.8 3
    RSF 6,446 2.1 3
    Individual applicants 27,293 9.0 3
    total 303.865 100 21st 3 5 (4) *
    *) An overhang mandate for the SPD, therefore five instead of four seats.
    Hamburg
    Subject
    of evidence     		Number /
    votes     		% Direct
    candidates
    data     		Direct
    MAN
    date     		Seats
    Eligible voters 1,141,214
    Voters 926,435 81.2
    Valid votes 905.444 97.7
    from that:
    SPD 358.873 39.6 8th 4th 6th
    CDU 178,786 19.7 4 * 3 3
    FDP 143.371 15.8 4 * 1 2
    DP 118,583 13.1 8th 1
    KPD 76,747 8.5 8th 1
    RSF 13,830 1.5 8th
    DKP / DRP 10,838 1.2 8th
    Non-party 4,416 0.5 5
    total 905.444 100 53 8th 13
    *) As a result of agreements, the CDU and FDP did not
    compete against each other in any Hamburg constituency.
    Hesse
    Subject
    of evidence     		Number /
    votes     		% Direct
    candidates
    data     		Direct
    MAN
    date     		Seats
    Eligible voters 2,906,239
    Voters 2,247,390 77.3
    Valid votes 2,128,278 94.7
    from that:
    SPD 684.042 32.1 22nd 12 13
    FDP 597.081 28.1 22nd 7th 12
    CDU 454.437 21.4 22nd 3 9
    KPD 142,539 6.7 22nd 2
    Non-party 250.179 11.8 23
    total 2,128,278 100 111 22nd 36
    Lower Saxony
    Subject
    of evidence     		Number /
    votes     		% Direct
    candidates
    data     		Direct
    MAN
    date     		Seats
    Eligible voters 4,425,610
    Voters 3,439,964 77.7
    Valid votes 3,365,965 97.8
    from that:
    SPD 1,125,295 33.4 34 24 24
    DP 597,542 17.8 33 5 12
    CDU 593,691 17.6 34 4th 12
    DKP / DRP 273.129 8.1 32 5
    FDP 252.141 7.5 33 1 5
    center 113.464 3.4 34
    KPD 104.132 3.1 34
    RSF 33,275 1.0 33
    Non-party 273.296 8.1 21st
    total 3,365,965 100 288 34 58
    North Rhine-Westphalia
    Subject
    of evidence     		Number /
    votes     		% Direct
    candidates
    data     		Direct
    MAN
    date     		Seats
    Eligible voters 8,681,794
    Voters 6,909,719 79.6
    Valid votes 6,726,543 97.3
    from that:
    CDU 2,481,523 36.9 65 40 43
    SPD 2.109.172 31.4 66 25th 37
    center 601,435 8.9 66 10
    FDP 581,456 8.6 65 1 10
    KPD 513.225 7.6 66 9
    RSF 142,648 2.1 66
    DKP / DRP 117.998 1.8 61
    RWVP 21,931 0.3 64
    Non-party 157.155 2.3 35
    total 6,726,543 100 554 66 109
    Rhineland-Palatinate
    Subject
    of evidence     		Number /
    votes     		% Direct
    candidates
    data     		Direct
    MAN
    date     		Seats
    Eligible voters 1,900,797
    Voters 1,513,756 79.6
    Valid votes 1,431,556 94.6
    from that:
    CDU 702.125 49.0 15th 11 13
    SPD 408.905 28.6 15th 4th 7th
    FDP 226.625 15.8 15th 4th
    KPD 89.026 6.2 15th 1
    Non-party 4,875 0.3 1
    total 1,431,556 100 61 15th 25th
    Schleswig-Holstein
    Subject
    of evidence     		Number /
    votes     		% Direct
    candidates
    data     		Direct
    MAN
    date     		Seats
    Eligible voters 1,731,022
    Voters 1,431,020 82.7
    Valid votes 1,397,671 97.7
    from that:
    CDU 428,956 30.7 13 * 7th 8th
    SPD 413.257 29.6 14th 6th 8th
    DP 169.240 12.1 13 * 3
    FDP 103,492 7.4 13 * 2
    SSW 75,388 5.4 6th 1
    KPD 43,744 3.1 14th
    DKP / DRP 27,066 1.9 13 *
    RSF 18,122 1.3 14th
    center 12,606 0.9 13 *
    Non-party 105,800 7.6 5 1 1 *
    total 1,397,671 100 118 14th 23
    *) CDU, FDP, DP, DKP / DRP and the center did not run in the constituency of
    Flensburg and supported the victorious non- party Eduard Edert to prevent
    a victory for the SSW.

    consequences

    The Bundestag was constituted on September 7, 1949.

    Although large parts of the CDU were in favor of a coalition with the SPD, Konrad Adenauer was able to push through a coalition with the FDP, in which the DP was also accepted in order to achieve an absolute majority. Adenauer benefited from the fact that SPD chairman Kurt Schumacher committed his party to an opposition role against internal resistance. Part of the coalition agreement was the election of Theodor Heuss as Federal President. On September 15, 1949, Adenauer was elected Chancellor with 202 votes, 142 against and 44 abstentions; he received exactly the number of votes required to achieve an absolute majority.

    The coalition government made up of CDU / CSU, FDP and DP remained in office for the full electoral term until 1953.

    See also

    Web links

    Commons : Federal Parliament Election 1949  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ a b c Federal Returning Officer: Bundestag election 1949
    2. ↑ Federal Law Gazette p. 21
    3. ^ Gerhard A. Ritter / Merith Niehuss: Elections in Germany 1946–1991, pp. 83/84
    4. ^ A b Claus A. Fischer (ed.): Election handbook for the Federal Republic of Germany. Data on Bundestag, Landtag and European elections in the Federal Republic of Germany, in the federal states and in the districts 1946–1989. 1st half band.
    5. ↑ www.bundestag.de: First Bundestag session on September 7, 1949
    6. ^ Hans-Peter Schwarz : Adenauer - Der Aufstieg: 1876–1952, pp. 619–630