People's Democratic Party
The Democratic People's Party ( DVP ) was a democratic-liberal party founded in 1864 in southwest Germany, whose tradition is continued by the Baden-Württemberg state association of the FDP .
The DVP had its original connection with the Württemberg Democratic People's Party ( VP ), which joined the German People's Party (DtVP) in 1868 , the Progressive People's Party (FVP) in 1910 and the German Democratic Party (DDP) at the end of 1918 . On January 6, 1946, the DVP was re-established in Stuttgart and in 1948 participated in the founding of the FDP .
story
German Confederation
In the course of the German-Danish War , the unification movement organized in the German National Association split into different directions. As a result, in 1864/65 the representatives of a federalist-democratic solution to the German question from the medium-sized and small states of Third Germany united to form the Democratic People's Party . The new party was best organized in Württemberg , but it also had some organizational successes in Baden , Bavaria , Saxony and Thuringia . The Democratic People's Party was able to temporarily bind the supporters of the Association of German Workers' Associations . Prominent members included Karl Mayer , Ferdinand Nägele and Gottlob Tafel in Württemberg; Jacob Venedey in Baden; Georg Friedrich Kolb , Franz Tafel and Nikolaus Titus in Bavaria; Otto Leonhard Heubner , Emil Adolf Roßäßler , Wilhelm Schaffrath and Franz Jacob Wigard in Saxony and Christian Schüler in Thuringia. The Democratic People's Party achieved its greatest political success in 1866 with the nationwide mobilization against the German war . Subsequently, her organizational focus increasingly shifted to south-west Germany.
German Empire
As an offshoot of the Democratic People's Party , the Württemberg People 's Party emerged from the Progressive Party in the Kingdom of Württemberg from 1863 to 1866 under the leadership of Karl Mayer , Julius Haußmann and Ludwig Pfau and formed an amalgamation of many democratic revolutionaries from 1848/49. For a long time it was the determining political force in the "Ländle". On January 6, 1866, the delegates met in Stuttgart for their first "Three Kings Parade" , a kind of state representatives' meeting. The German People's Party (DtVP) was constituted in southern Germany in 1868 as a supra-regional, democratic-left-liberal party organization. The Württembergische People's Party was the strongest since the National Association of on imperial level organized German People's Party, which retained its focus in southern Germany. In 1910 the DtVP became part of the Progressive People's Party (FVP). The party, usually only known as the People's Party (VP) in Württemberg , had been the Württemberg party organization of the FVP since 1910. The People's Party comprised what was understood by the Democrats in the Kingdom of Württemberg . The supporters of the People's Party claimed the word democracy entirely for themselves, their leaders were the people's men in their supporters' parlance . Important representatives of the People's Party in Württemberg until the end of the monarchy in 1918 were Friedrich Payer and the brothers Conrad and Friedrich Haußmann. In the Württemberg state election in 1895, the People's Party won 31 out of 70 seats. It was thus able to provide the President of the State Parliament, Friedrich von Payer, as the strongest parliamentary group.
When the German Democratic Party was founded at the end of 1918, the Democrats joined this new left-wing liberal party. Party members of the DDP who were active in the Free People's State of Württemberg during the Weimar Republic were, for example, Theodor Liesching , Johannes von Hieber , Julius Baumann , Wilhelm Schall and Reinhold Maier . State chairman of the DDP in Württemberg was from December 7, 1918 to January 6, 1921 Conrad Haußmann , then until 1933 Peter Bruckmann .
In 1933 the German State Party, which was formed in 1930 from the merger of the DDP with the Young German Order , disbanded under pressure from the National Socialists to forestall a ban.
Post-war Germany
On January 6, 1946, the Democratic People's Party , with the abbreviation DVP , was re-founded in Stuttgart by liberal personalities such as Theodor Heuss and Reinhold Maier . The party explicitly followed the tradition of the DDP and the VP before 1918 and not that of the DVP of the Weimar Republic. In 1946 Heuss became chairman of the DVP in the American zone of occupation . The state chairman of the DVP in Württemberg-Baden was Wolfgang Haußmann from 1946 to 1952 . On August 17, 1946, a DVP regional association was established in Württemberg-Hohenzollern , and Wilhelm Wirthle took over as chairman on October 23, 1946 . His successor from 1951 to 1953 as state chairman in Württemberg-Hohenzollern was Eduard Leuze . In 1947 the DVP participated in the founding of the short-lived Democratic Party of Germany , of which Heuss became co-chair. After the failure of this all-German liberal party, it took part in the founding of the FDP in Heppenheim in 1948 and has since been its state association, only in Württemberg-Baden and Württemberg-Hohenzollern, after the establishment of the state of Baden-Württemberg under the name FDP / DVP in the entire south-western state . With Reinhold Maier (in Württemberg-Baden and Baden-Württemberg), the DVP provided the only liberal Prime Minister in the Federal Republic of Germany until Thomas Kemmerich was elected in 2020.
State election results
VP and since 1910 FVP in Württemberg
- 1906: 23.6% - 24 seats
- 1912: 19.5% - 19 seats
DDP in Württemberg
- 1919: 25.0% - 38 seats
- 1920: 14.7% - 15 seats
- 1924: 10.6% - 9 seats
- 1928: 10.1% - 8 seats
- 1932: 4.8% - 4 seats
DVP in Württemberg-Baden
- 1946: 19.5% - 19 seats
- 1950: 21.1% - 22 seats
DVP in Württemberg-Hohenzollern
- 1947: 17.7% - 11 seats
literature
- Hans Fenske : The Liberal Southwest. Freedom and democratic traditions in Baden and Württemberg 1790–1933 (= writings on political regional studies of Baden-Württemberg. 5). Kohlhammer, Stuttgart et al. 1979, ISBN 3-17-007089-4 .
- Paul Rothmund, Erhard R. Wiehn (ed.): The FDP / DVP in Baden-Württemberg and its history. Liberalism as a political creative force in the south-west of Germany (= writings on political regional studies of Baden-Württemberg. 4). Kohlhammer, Stuttgart et al. 1979, ISBN 3-17-004680-2 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Christian Jansen : Unity, Power and Freedom. The Paulskirche left and German politics in the post-revolutionary epoch (1849–1867) (= contributions to the history of parliamentarism and political parties. 119). Droste. Düsseldorf 1999, ISBN 3-7700-5222-6 , pp. 483-490.
- ^ Presentation of the party history at the Friedrich Naumann Foundation ( Memento from August 13, 2014 in the Internet Archive ).
- ↑ In part, 1869 is also mentioned, for example in: Paul Rothmund, Erhard R. Wiehn (ed.): The FDP / DVP in Baden-Württemberg and its history. Liberalism as a political force in the south-west of Germany (= writings on political regional studies of Baden-Württemberg. 4). Kohlhammer, Stuttgart et al. 1979, ISBN 3-17-004680-2 , p. 77.
- ^ Paul Rothmund, Erhard R. Wiehn (ed.): The FDP / DVP in Baden-Württemberg and their history. Liberalism as a political force in the south-west of Germany (= writings on political regional studies of Baden-Württemberg 4). Kohlhammer, Stuttgart et al. 1979, ISBN 3-17-004680-2 , p. 98.
- ↑ Information on the German People's Party, its contents and its history on the website of the German Historical Museum .