Pravda

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Pravda
Pravda logo.png
description 1918–1991 central organ of the Central Committee of the CPSU, thereafter independent
First edition May 5, 1912
Frequency of publication Every day
Editor-in-chief Valentin Shurchanov
editor Valentin Shurchanov
Web link www.gazeta-pravda.ru
Cyrillic ( Russian )
Правда
Transl. : Pravda
Transcr. : Pravda

The Pravda ( Russian Правда , "truth") is a Russian newspaper that even before the February Revolution of 1917 in Tsarist Russia had appeared, and later to the end of the Soviet Union as an organ of the CPSU had inventory. It was inspired and founded by Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin) from exile. A same newspaper had Leon Trotsky in 1908 in Vienna established.

The Pravda was first published on April 22 jul. / May 5,  1912 greg. in Saint Petersburg . The actual editor was Vyacheslav Molotov , who, however, never appeared as such in order to make the work of the state censorship more difficult. Instead, there were 40 pseudo-editors who were regularly imprisoned and sentenced to a maximum sentence of 3 months (see: Head of Editor ). Also to mislead the censors, the newspaper appeared regularly under other names, such as Workers' Truth, Truth of the North, Way of Truth and Truth of Work.

In 1913, Stalin was briefly editor-in-chief of Pravda until he was exiled to Turukhansk . In 1917 he was again editor-in-chief with Lev Kamenev for several months. The newspaper appeared after the February Revolution of 1917 in Petrograd as a party organ of the RSDLP - B . It has been published in Moscow since 1918 .

The Pravda should replace the earlier weekly newspaper Zvezda ( German  "Stern" ), which was published since December 16 . / December 29, 1910 greg. had been legally published in St. Petersburg. From January 1911 Zvezda appeared twice a week and from March three times a week. The authorities repeatedly banned them. They confiscated 30 of a total of 63 issues and fined eight. By organizing mass collections of donations from workers' groups that prepared Zvezda finally the ground for the publication of Pravda .

In Pravda , workers should write for workers. The editorial of the first edition said:

“We want the workers not to limit themselves to sympathy, but to actively participate in the management of our newspaper. May the workers not say that writing is an 'unfamiliar' job for them. [...] You just have to go to work with courage: you will stumble a few times and then you will learn to write. "

Soviet soldier with Pravda in Moscow, 1941

The workers gratefully accepted this invitation: within the first year they wrote more than 11,000 articles. After the February Revolution of 1917, the German Reich Government subsidized the paper at the suggestion of State Secretary in the Foreign Office Richard von Kühlmann , in the hope that Russia would quickly leave the coalition of war opponents.

During the Second World War , the German occupying power had a false Pravda distributed in the areas it occupied . The paper imitated the layout of the original edition and contained propaganda texts and pictures, including repeated requests to collaborate with the “German liberators”.

In its heyday, Pravda had a circulation of over 10 million copies at times.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Pravda ran into great financial difficulties. In 1996 the original Pravda was discontinued. Various new Prawdas appeared in the succession and still exist today. Once the largest newspaper in the USSR with a daily circulation of 14 million copies, it was split into two and later into three different editions. When in 1992 there was no funding from the Central Committee of the CPSU, journalists decided on the form of a stock corporation . The first shareholder was a Cypriot-Greek publishing house belonging to the Jannikos family. After taking over part of the stock, he received three out of five seats on the board of directors of the newly formed media company.

On February 10, 2006, the Pravda editorial building burned down . At that time, several newspapers were based there.

The daily newspaper Prawda and the Wochenblatt Russlands Pravda are ideologically close to the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and are financed by it.

See also

Web links

Commons : Pravda  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Manfred Hagen : The Russian freedom. Paths to a paradoxical topic. Steiner, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-515-07902-5 , p. 132.
  2. ↑ Author collective Hörwerk: Spoke of the Bolsheviks . In: Deutschlandfunk . May 5, 2007
  3. ^ Georg Schild: Between Ideology and Realpolitik. Woodrow Wilson and the Russian Revolution 1917-1921 . Greenwood Press, Westport 1995, p. 45.
  4. ↑ a b At the editorial office at «Pravda» , Echo der Zeit , November 6, 2017
  5. ↑ Manfred Quiring : The dispute about the true truth. In: Berliner Zeitung . September 29, 1997, accessed June 11, 2015 .
  6. ↑ Major fire destroys the former Pravda building . In: Russia News . February 13, 2006