Friedrich Ebert junior

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Friedrich Ebert, 1961

Friedrich Ebert Jr. (* September 12, 1894 in Bremen ; † December 4, 1979 in East Berlin ), also called Fritz Ebert , was a German politician ( SPD , SED ). He was Lord Mayor of East Berlin from 1948 to 1967 .

Life

Friedrich Ebert, 1928
from right: Ernst Heilmann , Friedrich Ebert, Alfred Braun , Heinrich Giesecke , Hans Flesch and Kurt Magnus as prisoners in the Oranienburg concentration camp , August 1933
tomb

Ebert was the son of the Social Democratic Reich President Friedrich Ebert . He completed an apprenticeship as a book printer from 1909 to 1913 . He had been a member of the Socialist Workers' Youth since 1910 and of the SPD since 1913 . From 1915 to 1918 he was a soldier in the First World War .

Weimar Republic

During the Weimar Republic he was an editor and employee of various social democratic newspapers. From 1919 to 1925 Ebert was editor of Vorwärts . In 1920 he married Johanna Elisabeth Vollmann, 3 years his junior, with whom he had children Friedrich (1928) and Georg (1931). Ebert's wife committed suicide in 1938 suicide . He was also from 1923 to 1925 employee of the social democratic press service . From 1925 to 1933 he was editor in Brandenburg an der Havel in the party's own publisher Otto Sidow & Co. appearing Brandenburger newspaper .

From 1927 he was a member of the city council in Brandenburg, from 1930 to 1933 head of the city council. From 1930 to 1933 Ebert was a member of the board of the City Council for the Province of Brandenburg . He was also a member of the board of the SPD district council Brandenburg-Grenzmark. In the early 1930s he was also a member of the Prussian State Council . From 1928 to 1933 Ebert was a member of the Reichstag .

time of the nationalsocialism

In 1933 he spent eight months in several concentration camps for illegal political activities , including a. in Oranienburg and Börgermoor . In 1939 he was drafted into the Wehrmacht and from 1940 worked at the Reichsverlagsamt . He was under police supervision until 1945.

post war period

After the war he was first regional chairman of the SPD Brandenburg . After the forced unification of the SPD and KPD to form the SED in the Soviet occupation zone (SBZ), Ebert was one of the state chairmen of the SED from 1946, a member of the party executive and later of the Central Committee (ZK); from 1949 until his death he was a member of the Politburo of the party executive and the Central Committee of the SED . In 1946 he was appointed by the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (SMAD) as a member of the Advisory Assembly of Brandenburg and was its chairman. After the state elections in the Soviet Zone in 1946 , he became President of the Brandenburg State Parliament . In November 1948 he was informed by the Soviet occupation forces that he was to be the mayor of East Berlin . In fact, on November 30, 1948 in the Admiralspalast, the magistrate, which was still representative elected by the entire Berlin city council in 1946 , was elected by a “people's congress” made up of delegates from u. a. SED , FDGB , FDJ , VVN and works councils were declared deposed and instead a provisional Democratic Magistrate was elected and Ebert was sworn in as Lord Mayor. Ebert then declared that Berlin would become part of the Soviet Zone and be included in the SED's two-year plan. The body known in the West as the “Opera Magistrate” included Ebert and Karl Maron and Waldemar Schmidt, among others . From 1955 Ebert's official seat as Lord Mayor and the meetings of the East Berlin City Council were in the Red City Hall . Ebert was mayor until 1967 and devoted himself above all to building up the destroyed city. For example, he campaigned for the restoration of the Brandenburg Gate , the Red City Hall , the armory and the Unter den Linden State Opera . However, the demolition of the Berlin City Palace also fell during his term of office.

Since the founding of the GDR in 1949, Ebert was also a member of the People's Chamber , temporarily as deputy to the president, from 1971 as chairman of the SED parliamentary group and from 1960 member and from 1971 deputy chairman of the State Council .

Honors

He was awarded the Karl Marx Order , the Patriotic Order of Merit and the Great Star of Friendship between Nations . On July 5, 1967, the magistrate of East Berlin made him an honorary citizen of Berlin. After the political change he was struck off the list of honorary citizens in 1992. The street in the inner city of Potsdam, which was created in 1946 by merging several streets and named after the Reich President, was rededicated to the son of the same name "in later GDR times"; after the fall of the Wall, the original reference was restored.

Resting place

His urn was buried in Berlin-Lichtenberg in the Friedrichsfelde central cemetery on the curtain wall of the socialist memorial .

Works

  • Speeches and essays on German-Soviet friendship. Publishing house culture and progress, Berlin 1959
  • Working Class Unity - Pledge of Victory: Selected Speeches and Essays. Dietz-Verlag, Berlin 1959
  • Socialism, the future of Germany: Selected speeches and essays 1959–1964. Dietz-Verlag, Berlin 1964
  • Socialism, Happiness and the Welfare of the People: Selected Speeches and Essays 1964–1969. Dietz-Verlag, Berlin 1969
  • Socialist democracy, the pulse of our life: Selected speeches and essays 1969–1974. Dietz-Verlag, Berlin 1974
  • Unity of class, power of class: selected speeches and essays. Dietz-Verlag, Berlin 1979

literature

Web links

Commons : Friedrich Ebert junior  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany . In: New Germany . Central organ of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany . Vol. 5 (61), No. 171 , ZDB -ID 126113-7 , p. 1 .
  2. ↑ Heinz Vosske: Friedrich Ebert: a life picture . P. 33.
  3. ^ Friedrich Ebert, Walter Mühlhausen, Bernd Braun: Friedrich Ebert and his family . P. 30
  4. ^ Friedrich Ebert, Walter Mühlhausen, Bernd Braun: Friedrich Ebert und seine Familie , p. 29 ( books.google.de ).
  5. ^ East Berlin: Russians came . In: Der Spiegel . No. 4 , 1954 ( online ).
  6. ↑ Ann Tusa, John Tusa: "The Berlin Blockade". Coronet Books, ed. 1989, 557 pp., ISBN 0-340-50068-9 , pp. 375 ff
  7. ↑ Berlin education portal: "Greater Berlin is split"
  8. ^ Joachim Nölte: Potsdam. How it became what it is. Potsdam's history in ten chapters. Berlin 2018, ISBN 3-942917-35-1 , p. 245.
personal data
SURNAME Ebert, Friedrich junior
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ebert, Fritz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politician (SPD, SED), MdR, MdV and Lord Mayor of East Berlin
DATE OF BIRTH September 12, 1894
PLACE OF BIRTH Bremen
DATE OF DEATH 4th December 1979
Place of death East Berlin