Berlin-Buckow
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Buckow district of Berlin |
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| Coordinates | 52 ° 25 '55 " N , 13 ° 27' 42" E |
| surface | 6.35 km² |
| Residents | 40,703 (Dec. 31, 2019) |
| Population density | 6410 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation | Oct. 1, 1920 |
| Postcodes | 12349, 12351, 12353 |
| District number | 0803 |
| Administrative district | Neukölln |
Buckow [ ˈbuːkoː ] is a district in the Berlin district of Neukölln , which consists of two separate parts.
location
Buckow is located on the southern outskirts of Berlin. It is separated from Gropiusstadt in two parts.
Buckow 1 is the larger western part. It lies between Gropiusstadt in the east, the district of Britz in the north and the districts of Mariendorf and Lichtenrade of the Tempelhof-Schöneberg district in the west. In the south lies the border between Berlin and Großziethen , a place of the Brandenburg community of Schönefeld . The eastern part of Buckow 1 corresponds roughly to the area of the medieval and early modern village Buckow. The area on Quarzweg and to the west of it is known as Neu-Buckow.
Buckow 2 is the smaller northeast part. It lies between Britz, Rudow and Gropiusstadt.
history
13th to 16th centuries
Around 1230, German settlers founded Buckow as a broad street or anger village . Since no traces of late Slavic settlement have been found archaeologically in Buckow so far, it can be assumed that the newcomers adopted a Slavic field name ( buk : the red beech). The village church was built towards the end of the 13th century. The place was first mentioned in 1373, already with its later name Buckow. The land book of Charles IV from 1375 shows a size of 52 1 ⁄ 2 hooves for Bukow and Buko , two of which are parish hooves. The village had a jug (taberna) and a windmill, which suggests a certain wealth. The village church gives a similar indication, since the village churches with western buildings belong to the most expensive floor plan type . The ownership structure was initially complex: Before 1375 to 1444, the citizen Rathenow from Berlin owned - with the exception of 17 Hufen - the wagon services from the estates, the duties of the Lehnschulzengut with five Hufen and duties of Hufen, which he was entitled to as an after-fief from the Lossow family . He also received a share of the total of 15 farms and the jug interest. He received these taxes around 1375 together with a citizen Wildenbruch from Berlin, but were later entitled to him alone. Before 1375, the citizen Goltz, also from Berlin, had jurisdiction as well as car services and taxes from seven Hufen. He received chickens from four farms and additional taxes from two farms. Around 1375 the Hogenest family received the jurisdiction and the wagon services of a further ten, possibly only 9 1 ⁄ 2 freely approved Hufen. Their share went (before?) To the von Britzke family in 1416 ; there was also a third of the Müggenbruch (1416, 1450, 1469) and a meadow in the Buckow field (1473, 1553). In 1442 two of Bürger Goltz's hooves had fallen vacant and vacant . Two years later, the citizen foam took over the majority of the citizen Rathenow. He received half of the higher and lower jurisdiction, the church patronage, services and taxes (1444) or the higher and lower jurisdiction, the church patronage, services and elevations as well as the village schools with five free hooves, one five-footed , three four-hoofed, two three-hoofed, three Zweihufner (including the Krüger) as well as two courtyards, two cottages and the windmill (1475). In 1450 the district was only 51 1 ⁄ 2 hooves in size, but two of them were still for the pastor. The von Britzke had 9 1 ⁄ 2 free hooves. 14 hooves, which were called pitcher hooves, had to pay interest at a different rate than the other hooves. There were three kossaten, still a jug and a miller. This share probably came to von Flans at the end of the 15th century. The share of the Goltz family came in 1452 to the wife of the kitchen master Ulrich Zeuschel (the bailiff Friedrich II ) and from there to Ludwig kitchen master before 1482. He had to pledge it to the von Quast family and apparently could not redeem it: In 1494 it came to the von Flans zu Altglienicke and Großmachnow family until after 1709. They had five free hooves with the higher and lower jurisdiction, a share in the church patronage (1541) or six free hooves and a farmyard as well as elevations from eight farms (1553). Around 1500 Buckow was a daughter church of Lichtenrade (1541, 1793, 1860). The Schaumsche share went to the Lindholz family around 1515. They received the upper and lower jurisdiction, the church patronage, the services and taxes of a hoof as well as those from a farm, a five-hoofed, four four-hoofed, two three-hoofed, one two-hoofed and from the mill and the jug. The von Flans family increased their share and from 1571 onwards owned nine Hufen (1620) and five farms (1608), in addition to the higher and lower courts, and later three farms (1709). In 1572 in Buckow there was a village mayor with five hooves, a five-hoofed, three four-hoofed, three three-hoofed, one two-hoofed, a jug and a windmill. There were also three farms, six free hooves and another nine hooves owned by the Flans and their five farms.
17th and 18th centuries
Before the Thirty Years War lived in Buckow 13 Hufner, a miller, five Kossäts, a shepherd and a shepherd servant. There was no blacksmith's shop yet, but a blacksmith came by if necessary. The Schulze survived the war with two sons, eleven farmers with eight sons, four farmhands and boys, and five farms with one farmhand.
In 1711 there were still 13 farm workers, a miller, a shepherd and a servant as well as a blacksmith in Buckow. One of the five farms was briefly desolate, but was reoccupied in 1745. This year only one jug and one windmill were reported. The Lindholz family had meanwhile expanded their property to include the Flanschen share (1713) and owned seven farms, five farms and a jug. In 1771 there were 18 houses (= gables) in the village, meanwhile its own forge as well as six pairs of houseguests and a shepherd servant. The residents had to pay taxes and for other for 37 hooves eight dimes 13 1 / 2 hooves only four per cent. In 1788, the nephew Loncier took over the shares of the Lindholz family and sold them a year later to the lottery director or secret chief finance officer Grothe from Berlin.
19th century
At the beginning of the 19th century there were twelve whole farmers, four whole cottagers as well as one Büdner and nine residents living in Buckow. There was still the forge, the pitcher, and the windmill. New was a bike maker who had settled in the village. The district was 50 1 ⁄ 2 and three hooves in size; there were 31 fireplaces (= households). From 1806 on, French troops occupied the village of Buckow for four years as part of the Fourth Coalition War. In 1828 the Oberfinanzrat Grothe sold his shares to a von Kröcher family. From there they came to the Troll family in 1840, to the Bolzenthal family in 1847 and, through the Lemm family (1856), to the court photographer Schwarz in 1864. He thus held the village and the manorial rights. In 1840 there were 32 houses in the village. In 1858 Buckow consisted of the village and the manor. 17 farm and estate owners lived there with 70 servants and maids and 20 day laborers. There were 18 part-time farmers with eight male and female servants and two day laborers. There were also 42 workers and 13 servants. There were 35 properties: two were between 300 and 600 acres (together 624 acres), 15 between 30 and 300 acres (together 2245 acres), 10 between 5 and 30 acres (together 167 acres), and 8 under 5 acres (together 5 Tomorrow). In the meantime, other craftsmen had settled. There were two master bakers with four journeymen, a master confectioner, a master butcher, two master shoemakers with a journeyman, a master saddler with a journeyman, a master rope maker with an apprentice, two master tailors and two journeymen, as well as a cartwright with a journeyman. In addition, a cooperative, a bricklayer, a blacksmith master with two journeymen, a barber and a cloth dealer worked in Buckow. The jug was still there; however, the statistics also recorded five arms. In 1860 Buckow was a total of 3,129 acres , including 2,581 acres of fields, 460 acres of meadow and 88 acres of homesteads. There were three public, 51 residential and 100 farm buildings in the village. In 1896, which was parish equipped with its own parish.
20th century
1900, Buckow was 949 hectares in size and consisted of 98 houses at that time , the Buckow station of the Rixdorf-Mittenwalder Railway was opened, which was east of the village. In 1913, the Great Berlin Tram extended its line 28 to the center of Buckow. The route was owned by a subsidiary, the Südliche Berliner Vorortbahn .
The village of Buckow was incorporated into Berlin in 1920 as part of the Neukölln district and in 1932 was a district in the Neukölln administrative district with the Buckow Ost sub-residential area. In 1931, the district of Buckow was 937 hectares. Passenger traffic on the railway line ceased in 1955 and the last tram ran in 1964.
The large housing estate Britz-Buckow-Rudow was created in 1972 that the name of the Bauhaus founder Walter Gropius received. In 1976 the Gropiusstadt was completed and in 2002 it was separated as a separate district .
Culture and sights
Hans-Martin-Helbich settlement
The Hans-Martin-Helbich-Siedlung is located in Buckow 1 and extends from Alt-Buckow south to Gerlinger Straße. It was built in 1974 and belongs to the Protestant parishes of Alt-Buckow and Neu-Buckow. It is named after Hans-Martin Helbich , the then general superintendent of Sprengel I (comprised West Berlin ) of the Evangelical Church in Berlin-Brandenburg . The housing estate with over 1000 apartments is a recreation and shopping area at the same time, as it includes its own toboggan hill, many meadows and fields, but also its own shopping center with several shops. Next to the settlement was a school closed due to asbestos pollution , which had been empty since 1990, was demolished at the end of 2010 and is currently under construction.
Buckow village church
The Buckow village church was built towards the end of the 13th century; the wooden locking beam in the west portal enabled a dendrodatum from 1304. It was built from field stones . It consists of a hall with a nave-wide rectangular west tower. This floor plan is very rare (e.g. only 2.6 percent of all medieval village churches on the Barnim ).
It was rebuilt several times in the following centuries. During renovation work in the 20th century, remains of the medieval painting came to light, which can still be seen today in very pale fragments in the cross-ribbed vault of the church. A scene from the Lord's Supper can be seen most clearly in the front part of the church.
An undated bell from the 13th or 14th century, which, due to its special shape, is considered to be the oldest of all Berlin village church bells, also belongs to the church's bell. It is slightly out of tune after long use and is only used as a communion bell.
Buckower straw bale festival
Every year on the third weekend in August, the Buckower straw bale festival took place in this district . It was a three-day public celebration that took place in the open air in the field of a local farmer. The field is located southwest of the Buckower Damm / Gerlinger Straße intersection. The event arose in 1995 from a neighborly idea of the farmer Werner Mette. He is one of the last full-time farmers in Berlin and with this festival he wanted to bring agriculture closer to the city dwellers. Numerous participants and supporters who were convinced and enthusiastic about the idea expanded the circle of this nature-loving “village get-together”. This is how the term Buckower Straw Bale Festival came about - not least because of the active participation of the population . The lease agreement for farmer Mette should be terminated at the end of 2013, as a loosened and green housing estate with high ecological standards at affordable prices is to be built on the fields designated as building land according to the Senate Department for Urban Development and the Environment, but will then be continued. This festival took place for the last time in August 2016, but it is unclear whether this tradition will be continued elsewhere at some point. The residential building on the arable land is expected to begin in 2019/2020.
education
The school on Sandsteinweg is the largest primary school in the Neukölln district and is located in Buckow.
literature
- Lieselott Enders : Historical local lexicon for Brandenburg: Teltow (= Historical local lexicon for Brandenburg . Volume 4). Verlag Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1976.
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ For example here .
- ^ Wolfgang Kramer, Siegfried Münzinger: Southern Berlin suburban railway . In: Berliner Verkehrsblätter . Issue 7, 1963, pp. 69-72 .
- ^ Nina Kugler: Laying of the foundation stone for the new Leonardo da Vinci grammar school. October 4, 2018, accessed on May 6, 2019 (German).
- ↑ Podium Schule Edition 2.07 of the Bertelsmann Stiftung (PDF; 1.5 MB). Bertelsmann Foundation website. Retrieved December 2, 2011.
