Landeck (Tyrol)

Borough Landeck
coat of arms	Austria map
Basic data
Country:	Austria
State :	Tyrol
Political District :	Landeck
License plate :	LA
Surface:	15.84 km²
Coordinates :	47 ° 9 '  N , 10 ° 34'  E Coordinates: 47 ° 8 '33 "  N , 10 ° 34' 13"  E
Height :	817  m above sea level A.
Residents :	7,633 (Jan 1, 2020)
Postal code :	6500
Area code :	05442
Community code :	7 06 14
Address of the municipal administration:	Innstrasse 23 6500 Landeck
Website:	www.landeck.tirol.gv.at
politics
Mayor :	Thomas Hittler (prov.) ( ÖVP )
Municipal Council : (2016) (19 members)	12 ÖVP , 4 SPÖ , 2 FPÖ , 1 Greens
Location of Landeck in the Landeck district
The town of Landeck in Tyrol with the route of the Arlbergbahn (in the foreground) and the Landeck-Zams train station as well as the Inntal A 12 motorway .
Source: Municipal data from Statistics Austria

Landeck is a town with 7633 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2020) in the Upper Inn Valley in Tyrol . Landeck is the district capital of the Landeck district , the most tourism-intensive region in Tyrol and, as the seat of the Landeck district court, is also the center of the Landeck judicial district . The city has various cultural meeting points such as Landeck Castle, the old cinema and the city hall, as well as a lively city center.

geography

Geographical location

Landeck is located on a bend in the Inn , which receives the Sanna coming from the west from the Stanzer Tal . The Upper Inn Valley forms a basin in which Zams is located east of Landeck . Landeck is the westernmost city in Tyrol.

geology

To the north of the city rise the peaks of the Lechtal Alps , part of the Northern Limestone Alps. The highest mountain is the Parseierspitze with 3036 m, consisting of chert and colorful aptych limestone. Dolomite rock is predominant, characterized by a diverse, often small-scale alternating rock structure predominantly composed of sedimentary rocks, which leads to a very varied landscape with brittle, highly fragmented, rubble and closely lined mountains. The valleys are narrow and deeply cut, the Larsenn and Starkenbach valleys and the Zammer Loch are among the wildest calcareous alpine gorges.

The Crystalline Landeck quartz phyllite, which is prone to plastic deformation, adjoins the Limestone Alps, separated by an approx. 50 m wide fault zone. Geomechanically, it represents a buffer zone between the Limestone Alps and the Silvretta mass. Here, the heavily schisted quartz phyllonite, the more stable gneiss phyllonite and slate gneiss are in the foreground. In this zone, compressions occurred in the north-south direction, but also lateral shifts in the east-west direction. The Landeck quartz phyllite was gradually phyllitonized and began to deform plastically. The interface between the Limestone Alps and quartz phyllite is seismically active, and epicentres of smaller earthquakes have repeatedly occurred in the Landeck valley basin. The rock is easily weatherable, the abundance of mica promotes mechanical decay, the penetration of water and thus frost splitting. In its area, the mountain shapes are rounded, the soils facilitate the formation of a coherent plant cover: These include, for example, the Strengener Berghöfe such as the corridors of Grins and Stanz and the courtyards on the Pitztal part of the Venetberg. However, torrent cracks are also easily formed, e.g. B. the Thialgraben near Landeck, the Dawingraben or the area above the Zappenhof near Tobadill. With its low mountain character, the Venet mountain range is part of this quartz phyllite zone. Due to its surface, smoothed round by glaciers from the Ice Age, there is no pronounced rock structure, so that it is a good basis for alpine and forest soil.

The part belonging to the Central Alps in the Landeck area is assigned to the Samnaun group with Furgler , Hexenkopf and Vesulspitze as well as the Ötztal Alps , the largest mass elevation in the Eastern Alps. The two mountain ranges are separated by the Inn , which only broke through the quartz phyllite south of Landeck after the Ice Age - before the Ice Age, the Inn valley ran over the Piller . If Eastern Alpine ceilings also dominate everywhere, in the area of ​​the Lower Engadine window between Giarsun in the Engadine and Prutz, Penninic ceilings with Grisons slate emerge.

climate

According to the Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics, the climate in Landeck in the period 1971-2000 was characterized by the following principles:

1) An annual average temperature of 8.1 ° C. In July the maximum value was reached with 17.4 ° C, in January the minimum value with −1.4 ° C.

2) The annual precipitation is low at 753.6 mm due to the shielding by the Northern Limestone Alps; the maximum is in summer (August 107.1 mm and an average of 13.2 days with precipitation), the minimum in April with 37 mm. There was an average of 107.9 days of precipitation per year and 112.4 cm of snow.

3) There were 1606.4 days of sunshine recorded, 191.5 of them in August.

Monthly average temperatures and precipitation for Landeck ( 785  m above sea level ) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 2.6 6.0 11.0 14.5 19.8 22.3 24.6 24.1 20.4 15.2 7.1 2.7 O 14.2 Min. Temperature (° C) -4.1 -3.3 -0.1 2.7 7.1 9.8 11.8 11.8 8.8 4.6 -0.4 -3.1 O 3.8 Temperature (° C) -1.4 0.3 4.2 7.6 12.7 15.3 17.4 16.8 13.2 8.5 2.5 -0.6 O 8.1 Precipitation ( mm ) 43.5 44.3 43.1 37.0 59.3 94.8 106.0 107.1 67.3 46.4 54.9 49.9 Σ 753.6 Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 2.3 3.7 4.8 4.9 5.9 5.4 6.2 6.2 5.3 4.3 2.5 1.4 O 4.4 T e m p e r a t u r 2.6 -4.1 6.0 -3.3 11.0 -0.1 14.5 2.7 19.8 7.1 22.3 9.8 24.6 11.8 24.1 11.8 20.4 8.8 15.2 4.6 7.1 -0.4 2.7 -3.1 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec N i e d e r s c h l a g 43.5 44.3 43.1 37.0 59.3 94.8 106.0 107.1 67.3 46.4 54.9 49.9   Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Source:

Districts

The municipality and the only locality or cadastral municipality of the same name Landeck is divided into the five districts of Angedair , Perfuchs , Perfuchsberg , Perjen and Bruggen .

structure Cadastral communities Locations in the municipality Landeck (15.87 km²) Landeck (city) Bruggen (Stt) Perfuchs (Stt) Perfuchsberg (R) Perjen (Stt) Thialmühle (R) Legend

The two communities Angedair and Perfuchs were merged in 1900 to form the new community Landeck. This received market rights in 1904 and was promoted to town in 1923. The two current districts of Bruggen and Perjen were originally assigned to the municipality of Perfuchs, which was entirely to the left of the Inn. Angedair still encompasses the entire Landeck to the right of the Inn.

During the National Socialist rule from 1939 to 1945, Landeck was united with the neighboring municipality of Zams and was to be expanded into a large city on the southern border of the Greater German Reich. After 1945 the forced marriage could no longer be maintained, the residents of Zams had never wanted to come to terms with it.

Neighboring communities

All seven neighboring communities are in the Landeck district.

Grin	Stamp at Landeck	Zams
Pians		Flow
Tobadill	Fiss	Flow

Transport links

From Innsbruck you can reach Landeck with the Arlbergbahn , which continues over the Arlberg to Vorarlberg . At the train station Landeck-Zams both international long-distance trains stop as well as many regional trains and the S1 S-Bahn Tirol . The Inntal motorway A 12 connects Landeck with Innsbruck ; west of Landeck it continues as Arlberg Schnellstraße S 16, which bypasses the city to the north with the help of a tunnel.

In the south, the connection leads over the Reschenpass to South Tyrol / Italy and into the Engadin / Switzerland . Most of this traffic is now routed past the city through the Landeck tunnel , which was opened in 2000 . As a result, the city is now spared from west-east traffic as well as traffic to the south, which used to run entirely through the city center and which led to massive traffic jams during the main holiday season in the 1970s and 1980s.

Landeck was also to be the starting point of the Reschen Railway planned to Malles in Vinschgau and the Engadin . The construction work was tackled both during the First and Second World War, with military-strategic reasons being decisive in each case. A separate stop was planned for the southern outskirts. The no longer completed route is still clearly visible in the urban area along the banks of the Inn.

Landeck is on the long-distance cycle path , which runs as the Via Claudia Augusta along an ancient Roman road of the same name .

history

Development until 1900

Landeck around 1890

Recent research has shown that the Fokunates originally lived in the Landecker area as an Indo-European tribe. These live on in the place name “trams” (“hole”, meaning the deepening of the ground in an essentially steep terrain). The name Zams , which means "river flowing through a damp land", belongs to the same layer . This indicates that the Inn originally occupied the entire valley floor at this point. The name for the neighboring municipality of Stanz is also Indo-European . A Celtic and thus also Indo-European offshoot is the name for the district of Angedair , which ultimately means "place where there is a bend". Thus the literal meaning ultimately means nothing other than the current place name "Landeck".

The name for the district of Perjen "near the bridge" is also of Celtic origin , which means today's Burschlbrücke between Perfuchs and Perjen. Landeck's local mountain Thial can also be traced back to a very early period - the Celtic name means "place where an alpine hut is". This originally meant the area below the mountain summit, used for alpine farming, from which the name "migrated". From the Fritzens-Sanzeno culture of the 5th to 1st century BC. In 1886 BC several building remains were found in Perjen, burial places, animal bones and an iron knife. In 2018, a more than 10 cm tall bronze figure was discovered that served as an offering, next to it was found a robe clasp and some iron objects, burned animal bones and ceramic shards. It was therefore a burnt offering place where the heads and feet of domestic animals were sacrificed to the gods. The residues (bones and ashes) were sacred goods and belonged to the gods. The ceramic remains that were found served as containers for food offerings, but could also be used for cult meals.

Numerous field names can be assigned to Roman times: the “Fasche” at Weiher Boden refers to elongated strips of meadow, “Quadratsch” refers to a square plot of land. “Gampen” means space in front of the alpine hut, “Kristille” stands for a small hill. "Gasill" is derived from a small house in an area that was obviously cleared by the Romans, "Katlaun" is a large farm, "Galpeins" is a hill overgrown with spruce trees, "Liget" is fertile ground. The Perfuchs district originally referred to the floodplain on the Inn and Sanna and was only transferred to the entire area much later. "Riefe" is still used today for a landslide or mudflow, "Ronggala" is the location of a small clearing.

The oldest Roman road that crossed Tyrol led from Italy through the Vinschgau over the Reschenpass to Landeck and over the Fernpass reached Augsburg , called Augusta Vindelicorum by the Romans. It was completed in 46 and 47 AD under the Roman Emperor Claudius and named after him via Claudia Augusta . The Arlbergpass, on the other hand, was a difficult mule track with only local significance for the entire first millennium. Numerous coins have come down to us from Roman times, which already spoke in favor of lively settlement activity before the results of the excavations in the parish church (see the corresponding section below). In any case, there was a village in the Landeck basin, connected to a rest stop (mansio) on the Via Claudia Augusta. The first church, a late Roman hall church, is dated between 430 and 480. It has already been extended by around 500 to include an apse with a large priest's bench and a baptistery, of which the foundations and the early Christian baptismal font have been preserved. A relatively large Christian community must have existed in Landeck as early as the 5th century. The priest's bench offered space for 5-7 clergymen, which is why the assumption is that the church was connected to a monastery, as was the case in Säben, the first Tyrolean bishopric. the local population adopted much of the Roman way of life and culture: viticulture and fruit growing, stone building, the art of mortar mixing and many other achievements.

In the 6th century, the Landeck area was only sparsely populated when the Franks gradually began to extend their rule over the entire Alpine region. It was they who, in the following 250 years, adjusted the original cultural and, above all, political orientation of the Alps from south to north. Bavarians had been advancing into the Inn Valley since the 8th century and ultimately initiated extensive colonization. Bruggen is the Bavarian equivalent of Perjen , "Burschl" is reminiscent of a fortified system that was used to control traffic from the Oberinntal to the Stanzertal. “Gasti” is a steep path, “Gramlach” is the place where flax is processed. The "Klais" was a movable enclosure for horses and sheep, the "Kreuzbühel" a hill on which a cross stands. The “Stampfle” is a place where a stamping mill is located, the “Urtl” is the area where the court judgment was carried out. Bavaria was divided into districts and counties as central offices of the state administration for the judiciary, public security and economy. In part already mentioned in the 8th century, their mostly natural boundaries are still partially preserved in the modern administrative districts. It is unclear to which district the Landeck area originally belonged. Probably from the 10th century onwards, the Guelphs owned the county, but lent parts to families such as the Counts of Eppan-Ulten, the Barons of Wanga and the Counts of Eschenlohe. Four high courts formed in the fragmented county: Hörtenberg ( Telfs ), Petersberg ( Silz ), Imst and Landeck . While Imst is mentioned in a document as early as 763, there was no community with the name Landeck for a long time. The settlement was sharply divided by the Inn into the villages of Perfuchs and Angedair .

In 1150, "the free people" (free farmers) from Zams , Stanzertal (= St. Anton), Fliess and Prutz were named as witnesses in a Marienberg document . Until the middle of the 13th century, the Landecker area apparently belonged to the domain of the Counts of Ulten, along with the Imst and Petersberg courts. After their extinction in 1248, this rule came to the Counts of Tyrol . After the death of Count Albert III. the area was separated between his sons-in-law in 1254 at "landeke" on the Prienner Bridge. Meinhard II , however, reunited the areas in 1263, creating the Landeck court district. It is not clear where the seat of the court was, since in documents from 1289 and 1297 the judge was named both as "iudex de Landeck" and "iudex de Zams". Expenses for construction work at Landeck Castle indicate that the final decision in favor of Landeck was made in 1296. The court itself is mentioned for the first time in 1282. This was made up of three very old, already existing, mutually independent Dinggemeinden Stanzertal, Zams and Fliess. For each of these districts, called thirds, there was originally a separate thing place, a meeting point for general court or community assemblies. For the largest community, known as Zwotel or “two part”, it was in Perfuchs: It encompassed the entire Stanzertal from Perfuchs and Stanz to the Arlberg including the Kaisers , but also the Paznaun villages of Kappl including Langesthei .

The Fließer Dingstätte was for flow , Fließerberg , Piller and Hochgallmig responsible, those of Zams Zams and Zammerberg with Falterschein, Saur, Schönwies and Angedair. Although Perfuchs and Angedair thus belonged to different parishes and were politically and economically separated, they nonetheless formed a common parish in Landeck. In 1270 the bishop Heinrich von Chur awarded the "Ecclesia" in Angedair a letter of indulgence. However, Landeck was subordinate to the parish in Zams, which for its part originally had its mother parish in Stanz, the oldest in the area, tellingly consecrated to the Apostle Prince Peter.

Transport and trade have been the three castles of the valley controlled ( Landeck Castle , Burg Schrofenstein , Kronburg ). Duke Leopold III. allowed Hans von Starkenberg in 1380 to build the Kronburg on the rock spur 3 km east of Zams . In 1423 it fell into his hands after a failed uprising against Duke Friedrich IV. His successor Archduke Siegmund pledged the castle in 1485. The later Emperor Maximilian I redeemed it in 1502 and sold it to the Fieger family.

In 1228 the family "von Schrofenstein" was first mentioned in a document; the fortress probably already existed at this time. It belonged to the Archdiocese of Chur , the Lords of Schrofenstein were ministerials to the local bishops. They vigorously defended themselves against the efforts of Meinhard II to restrict the powers of the nobility. When a war broke out in 1312 between the Counts of Montfort and King Heinrich of Bohemia, the sovereign of Tyrol, the Schrofensteiners were wiped out between the fronts. Arlberg Castle was destroyed and Schrofenstein was badly damaged. In 1406 the system was badly damaged again when the Appenzell invaders. In 1546 the Lords of Schrofenstein died out and the Bishop of Chur enfeoffed the Lords of Trautson with the fortress. In 1775 the complex came to the Lords of Auersperg and began to deteriorate, so that in 1807 the representative of this family left the castle. In 1810 Schrofenstein was sold to farmers who, however, took both the inventory and building materials out of the castle and it fell into ruin within three decades.

Landeck Castle was first mentioned in a document at the end of the 13th century and established itself as the seat of the court. 1304 there is also the note of a castle chapel, which was consecrated to St. Stephen. In 1368 the fortification was conquered by the Bavarians, but in the Treaty of Schärding in 1369 it was returned to Tyrol. Landeck Castle fell into disrepair by the end of the 15th century. Comprehensive building and renovation measures were only carried out under the judges Roland and Sigmund von Schrofenstein: the kennel was renewed, the chapel was frescoed and a hallway was built. In addition to his judicial duties, the head of the court was initially also responsible for an extensive administrative area - taxation, defense, public works in the area of ​​roads and fortifications. In the 14th century, these two offices were separated, the nurse appointed by the sovereign was now responsible for the administrative agendas and also had to take care of the judge's remuneration.

Since the 13th century, there has been a significant increase in trade via the Reschen, as well as via the traffic routes from the Engadine. But above all Prutz and Zams as rod stations benefited from the important trade between the Italian and German cities, but not Landeck: Because the way had run via Fliess and the trams to the bridge near Zams, and thus only marginally touched Landeck, because that too Traffic to the west passed through Stanz und Grins. The increasing traffic to the west since the 13th century can also be traced back to the salt loads of the Haller Saline. Around 1300 people wanted to shorten the route significantly and took the bridge over the Inn to Perfuchs and from there to Bruggen to Arlberg below Landeck Castle. In 1315, the municipalities of the Landeck court complained that Konrad von Prienne would charge a toll that was far too high on the route he had created up the Arlberg. Grins vigorously defended against attempts to relocate the road into the depths of the Stanzertal and received confirmation in 1330 that the connection had to go through this place. However, in the years 1343 and 1347 there was talk of building a path to the "Arl" "bei dem Wasser" (= Bruggen). With the acquisition of Tyrol by the Habsburgs in 1363, the connection to the west experienced a further boom, which found expression with the building of the St. Christoph hospice by Heinrich vom Kempten (foundling) in 1386. On October 23, 1414 Pope John XXIII came. in Landeck and moved from there to Arlberg in Constance for the council. Supported by Prince Frederick with the empty pocket, he was deposed at the council and Frederick was ostracized by the Emperor. Nevertheless, in contrast to the aristocrats, the peasants and bourgeoisie stuck to their sovereign prince, with the Landecker in particular, imaginatively embellished in the legend, being said to have stood out positively. Friedrich supported the striving for church independence, Landeck received his own chaplain for his church in 1430. His successor Archduke Sigmund sponsored the construction of a new church, a magnificent house of God, which was consecrated in 1493 - Prutz and Zams were thus definitely outstripped.

Already in 1406 the Appenzeller huddled in their fight against the "Prince of violence" and the abbot of St. Gallen with fierce raids into the neighboring regions before: In the south they moved to the Linthebene, west to the Thurgau and the east under Ital Reding up to Vorarlberg and Tyrol. For two years they spread horror among the princes and enthusiasm and hopes for freedom among peasants and peasants, including many in western Tyrol, where people also began to dream of a free peasant republic: "Peace to the huts, destruction of the fortresses". They stormed Altenburg, burned Ladis down, destroyed Laudeck Castle , besieged Wiesberg. The Landecker Brücke was overrun by the Swiss and a Tyrolean contingent also defeated at Stams. On January 13, 1408, however, they suffered a devastating defeat near Bregenz , which cost them their reputation for invincibility. The Appenzeller withdrew to their home country, but it was not until 1412 that the Oberlanders made a pledge of loyalty to the keeper of Laudegg and the sovereign.

Like numerous other courts, the Landeck court has often been pledged to aristocrats, for example to Oswald von Schrofenstein in 1488 (cf. the late Gothic Schrofensteiner altar and the death shield in the parish church). From 1549 to 1705 the court was pledged to the Gienger family (see also the Renaissance death shield in the parish church).

In 1623 Landeck became ecclesiastically independent from Zams and was raised to an independent curate: The parish "Landegg" consisted of Angedair, Perfuchs, Perfuchsberg and Bruggen. At the same time, Landeck became a focus of the witch trials in Tyrol, to which several women fell victim - they were burned in the "Urtl". In addition, the plague raged in Landeck in the years 1633–1636. The many dead were buried in the Burschl in Perfuchs and a little church was built in honor of Saints Sebastian, Rochus and Pirmin. Village regulations for Angedair (1638) and Perfuchs with Bruggen (1641) mainly regulated agricultural issues.

Since the yield in many farms was insufficient to support a family, from the end of the Thirty Years' War (1648) until the opening of the Arlbergbahn in 1884 - as in the surrounding villages - adult men had to work as seasonal workers in Germany and in go to Switzerland and school-age boys and girls move to southern Germany as so-called Swabian children .

In 1703, the Landeck, Pfunds and Nauders courts during the War of Spanish Succession defeated the Bavarian and French invaders at the Pontlatzer Bridge and captured them at the Landecker and Zammer Bridge. The emperor's thanks consisted of the presentation of a silver honorary goblet. After this event, however, these courts also sent representatives to Vienna, where they demanded that the jurisdiction should finally lie with the sovereign again and that the aristocratic jurisdiction should be replaced. In addition, the population must have a say in the appointment of judges and carers. The extraordinarily high transfer fee of 16,500 guilders was paid out by the residents of the court, the appointment of the caretaker or judge has since been made by the government, but on the basis of a three-way proposal by the court communities. To identify the proposal, all male local residents gathered in their community and cast their votes. As a result, a committee was sent to Landeck Castle, where all the votes were added up and a list was drawn up, which was then sent to the emperor in Vienna. Furthermore, two annual fairs have been held in Angedair since then, which increased the self-confidence of the population to such an extent that in 1721 a citizens' register was created that in and of itself was only allowed to markets and cities. From 1815 the inhabitants of the village officially called themselves citizens.

In the 18th century the offices of caretaker and judge were exercised by a single person, but there was also a clerk and a land manager. Judicial communities further away from Landeck had their own record clerks, but they had to send their current records to the Landeck chancellery. As residents of a free court, the subjects were allowed to hunt chamois and other game against payment of a tax.

In the whole of Tyrol, state district offices were set up as supervisory bodies for the court offices in 1754, the Landeck court was subordinated to the Oberinntal district office in Imst. In 1797, Landeck Castle was abandoned as the seat of the court and, from 1840, moved to the Gerburg mansion in Perfuchs. This property was long owned by the Stöckl family, who provided a number of judges and carers in the 18th century.

From the second half of the 18th century the name Landeck began to establish itself for the previously independent places Perfuchs and Angedair, so that in 1811/12 official documents already refer to “Landeck” as a place name. Around 1800 Landeck had a pre-tensioning station to the Arlberg and the Vinschgau, was the seat of the caretaker and a forest and toll office. There were two doctors, a surgeon and numerous craftsmen. On August 5, 1809, another battle against the Bavarians broke out at the Pontlatzer Bridge south of Landeck. As a result of the Tyrolean struggle for freedom , the Bavarians wanted to send a larger contingent of troops across the Reschen to the Vinschgau. At the Pontlatzer bridge, however, this army was lured into an ambush and almost completely wiped out.

The Arlbergstrasse was completed in 1824, giving Landeck a post office in addition to the regional court, the tax and land administration, the road money office and the forestry office. In 1836, around 100,000 quintals of freight passed Landeck, plus around 4,000–5,000 quintals of salt. The statistician Johann Jakob Staffler found words of praise for Landeck in his description of the country in the middle of the 19th century, although Angedair had only 637 and Perfuchs only 846 inhabitants. Although the place was still neither a market nor a city, Landeck was accepted into the Curia of Markets and Cities in 1861. In 1868 district authorities were set up as the first instance of political administration. Landeck became the district capital, although officially there was still no place with this name.

With the construction of the Arlbergbahn , Landeck was connected to the international railway network. The Innsbruck-Landeck section was opened in 1883, and the entire route was completed in September 1884. This laid an important foundation for the development of the westernmost Tyrolean district as a tourist center. The railway not only created jobs for many railway workers (800) who were necessary for operation before the electrification of the line, but also provided the basis for the tourist development of the district and also brought about an industrialization boost:

Around the turn of the century, a large textile factory with hundreds of workers was built in the Bruggen district and a carbide factory in Angedair , which took up a very large area. With the construction of the elementary school and the securing of the water supply, the large population growth was taken into account.

From the creation of the Landeck community to the present day

In 1900 the long overdue step was taken: The previously independent communities of Perfuchs (Landeck on the left of the Inn with the current districts of Perfuchs, Perfuchsberg , Bruggen and Perjen ) and Angedair (Landeck on the right of the Inn) were merged to form the new municipality of Landeck. This was raised to the market in 1904 , in 1923 the village was raised to the status of a municipality.

The interwar period brought with the construction of the community school (today the new middle school, inaugurated in 1928), which was planned by the famous architect Clemens Holzmeister , the construction of the sports field (1935) and a large swimming pool in Perjen (1925), the opening of the cinema of the Catholic workers' association With the frescoes by the well-known painter Erich Torggler (1928), the opening of a ski jump on the trams (1934) and the construction of a barracks (inaugurated in 1937) a significant improvement in the urban infrastructure.

However, as a result, the community budget got completely out of hand, and in the 1930s the community was ultimately unable to service the debt. Politically there were violent disputes between the dominant Christian Socialists and the Social Democrats, which could rely on the many railroad workers and the workers of the two large factories. From the beginning of the 1930s, the National Socialists experienced a strong boom, with Edmund Christoph and Heinrich Zechmann having active agitators. Because Social Democrats, German Nationalists and National Socialists paralyzed the municipal and city councils by moving out, there were municipal council elections on April 30, 1933 (the last democratic in the First Republic for all of Austria), which ended with a landslide victory for the NSDAP. This became the strongest party with 37.61%, only by drawing lots Landeck was spared a National Socialist mayor for the time being.

In the “corporate state” the economic situation did not improve. The hospitality industry was badly hit by the 1000-mark block , the farmers struggled with massively reduced prices, the traders with a massive slump in sales, and the two large industrial companies reacted to the weak demand with severe job cuts and short-time work. Financially, the municipality had lost all room for maneuver due to the large investments in the infrastructure and was placed under the supervision of the Tyrolean provincial government. In misunderstanding the true character of National Socialism, the “Anschluss” was enthusiastically welcomed by large parts of the population. The leader principle was also consistently implemented at the local level: the mayor had dictatorial powers and ultimately had no consideration whatsoever for the advisory board, which was only at his side in an advisory capacity. The new rulers succeeded very quickly in eliminating the oppressive unemployment. The real background to this “success” - massive armament and unrestrained debt policy, which was ultimately to be financed by the victims of aggressive foreign and war policy - was very few people clear.

During the Nazi era, Jewish citizens like Edmund Gansl, who ran a fashion shop, were expelled and the neighboring community of Zams was incorporated. By changing a number of street and square names, the break with the past should be clearly expressed. The National Socialists built a number of social housing complexes and large South Tyrolean settlements in both Landeck and Zams. Under the mayor Hermann Bursian, who came from the "Altreich", a brutal anti-church course was followed from autumn 1939. This settled the town hall in the Pfarrwidum and took legal action against the Capuchin monastery in Perjen. Numerous plots of land were expropriated for the expansion of the barracks, and Bursian also rolled over plans for an extremely generous cemetery expansion. Air raid shelters were built throughout the valley basin, which were mainly built by hundreds of prisoners of war. Large camps in which opponents of the war were held were located on the barracks area, in the Perfuchsberger Au and in Perjen (the latter for Russians).

After the war, one of the largest camps for displaced persons in Tyrol was located on the barracks site for a few months .

A town hall for the municipal administration was built in the Schenten estate and the parish property was returned to the church. In the immediate vicinity of the town hall, the district headquarters for the Red Cross, the health and employment offices, the forestry inspection and the chamber of agriculture for the entire district, the tax office for West Tyrol and the district gendarmerie command were created, strung side by side on Innstrasse, closed off by the one before the first World War I at the beginning of the Herzog-Friedrich-Strasse built district authority. The city experienced very strong growth in the 1950s and 1960s, when numerous large residential complexes were built, especially on the “Öd” in Angedair.

In the city center, the municipality bought the “Goldener Adler” hotel, subsequently razed it and built the town square on the spot. The strong population growth also in the Perjen district was taken into account with the establishment of its own elementary school; The grammar school was also located in this district. Under the long-time mayor Anton Braun, the aforementioned central fire station was built, a contemporary old people's home, extensive construction work at the Angedair elementary school and the student home, and the rebuilding of the Gerber, Burschl and Perjener bridges started.

In the 1970s, the traffic load for the city became unbearable due to its location in the north-south and west-east traffic, when the sheet metal avalanches moved through the city at walking pace, especially during the main holiday season. The construction of a tunnel north of the city (Perjentunnel 1986), through which traffic was diverted towards Arlberg, brought significant relief. Traffic to the south has been passing the city through the Landeck tunnel since 2000 and no longer touches the Landeck municipal area at all. Of course, Landeck's role as a central location has suffered as a result of this traffic relief, because the distance to the competing district capital Imst has been significantly reduced for a considerable part of the district's residents . Due to the bypasses, the inner-city traffic could now be completely redirected and the central Malserstraße made more attractive.

Under Reinhold Greuter, the first directly elected mayor of the city of Landeck, the city hall was built in the Schenten, a large underground car park was built and a new connection between Perfuchs and Angedair was created with a pedestrian bridge. Especially since the textile factory in Bruggen gave up a large part of the production facilities, the Lantech innovation center was created there for 27 service companies. In 1998, the commercial academy (installed in Perjen in 1990) and commercial school were located in the immediate vicinity, to which a higher education institution for business professions was added in 2003.

Until 1998 the city was mayor of the ÖVP , but Engelbert Stenico of the SPÖ , who died in an accident on November 18, 2012 , has been in office since that year . Above all, Stenico had made a name for himself nationally with his intensive commitment to social issues and was committed to setting up an asylum seeker home in Kaifenau, which has since housed around 70 people. However, many residents criticized the way the Vienna Woods area was built in the city center. In the mayoral elections on March 3, 2013, Wolfgang Jörg, the candidate of the ÖVP, prevailed again.

In autumn 2014, the six-semester bachelor's degree in “Business, Health and Sports Tourism” started in Landeck-Bruggen in cooperation with the University of Innsbruck and UMIT. The students, currently (October 2017) around 250, are being prepared for managerial, planning, analyzing and advisory activities in companies in the tourism and leisure industry. In autumn 2019, the “Master's degree in sustainable regional and destination development” started, around a quarter of which takes place in Landeck, the rest in Hall at UMIT and the University of Innsbruck .

The Donau Chemie carbide plant in the middle of Landeck is considered a Seveso III plant that has stored dangerous and explosive substances. According to the guidelines passed by the Tyrolean state parliament in November 2014, security zones must be set up around such businesses, which would have resulted in massive restrictions for the residents of Landeck. The protection zone was ultimately limited to the Donau Chemie site, the railway embankment and part of a neighboring property. The plant had to invest 500,000 euros for protection against chlorine gas.

In 2015, the local council voted unanimously against participating in the planned Sanna power plant.

In the municipal council elections on February 28, 2016, the ÖVP won an absolute majority; Wolfgang Jörg achieved the highest figure ever achieved in Landeck with 78.78% in the direct mayor election. The Social Democrats suffered a heavy defeat and received the lowest percentage of votes in the Second Republic .

On September 10, 2016, there was a mudslide in the neighboring community of Grins due to a hail storm. The Sanna was dammed up by the debris from the Mühlbach and Lattenbach, which resulted in flooding in the area of ​​Grins and Landeck. A civil defense alarm had to be triggered because a huge surge of water as a result of the backwater of the Sanna could no longer be ruled out. The Sanna was completely drained by the natural event in the Landecker municipality. More than 400 firefighters were deployed for the security and clean-up work. The mudslides had deposited rubble up to five meters high along the Sanna.

In 2017 and 2018, the Angedair elementary school was rebuilt and revitalized. The existing building was retained and adapted to the new school requirements. The part of the building with the space for movement was torn down and the resulting gap was closed by an extension up to the eaves height. As a new extension, a gymnasium was built on the courtyard side, which was sunk one floor into the area. During the corona crisis from March 2020, the Landeck district was the Austrian hotspot; the state government imposed a quarantine on the Paznaun Valley with the Ischgl tourist center and the winter sports resort of St. Anton from March 13 to April 22. Mayor Jörg surprisingly announced his resignation on May 31, 2020. The trigger he named was the conviction by the regional administrative court for the illegal employment of asylum seekers in 2015 at Venet Bergbahnen AG. Due to several rockfalls on the federal road south of Landeck, construction work for the castle gallery began in spring 2020. At the beginning of June there was another large rock fall, the cost of clearing the quartz phyllite between the roadway and the Inn was estimated at 700,000 euros. The Venet cable car was only able to secure its survival in the summer of 2020 with a hefty injection of 1 million euros. The Tourismusverband West took over € 100,000 of this, the remainder of the sum had to be paid for by the municipalities of Landeck and Zams .

Population development

In contrast to the other district capitals in the west of Tyrol such as Imst or Reutte , the population has declined in recent years: from the high of 7,828 inhabitants in 2014 to 7,633 in 2020, a loss of 2.5%.

politics

The last municipal council election took place on February 28, 2016.

Local council election 2010

 %

60

50

40

30th

20th

10

0

22.64%
(-16.98  % p )

56.83%
(+ 14.10  % p )

7.02%
(+1.44  % p )

13.51%
(+1.43  % p )

SPÖ

ÖVP

GREEN

FPÖ

2010



2016



The following mandate distribution took place:

• ÖVP 12
• SPÖ 4
• FPÖ 2
• GREEN 1

The directly elected Mayor Wolfgang Jörg from the ÖVP (78.78% of the votes) resigned with effect from June 1, 2020. Thomas Hittler (ÖVP) succeeded him as interim mayor. The ÖVP has five seats in the city government, the SPÖ and FPÖ each with one.

Culture and sights

Landeck Castle

See also:  List of listed objects in Landeck

• Landeck Castle south of the city on a hilltop. Originally the "castle" was built as a sovereign court castle in the 4th quarter of the 13th century, the first documentary mention was made in 1296. The sovereigns gave the castle on for financial reasons as pawns, for example from 1518 to 1549 to the castle Schrofenstein or from 1549 to 1705 to the Gienger family. In 1840 the court moved to a former residence on Herzog-Friedrich-Straße, and the castle became a barracks.

In 1942 the city of Landeck bought the castle, whereupon the restoration and contemporary design of the district museum in Landeck took place from 1967 to 1973.

The local history museum was completely redesigned at the beginning of the 21st century. The theme of the permanent exhibition in the castle: Migration in the Oberland

• Parish Church Landeck-Mariä Himmelfahrt : A late Gothic building in a basilical form raised on the south-eastern edge of the city below Landeck Castle, first mentioned in 1266 in Trento, with a cemetery with Sacred Heart Chapel and Chapel of the Dead Among the most valuable elements of the interior are the late Gothic Schrofenstein altar , the late Gothic shield of Oswald von Schrofenstein, a large Renaissance shield and a Romanesque Mother of God. During excavations starting in 2012, the remains of an early Christian (5th to 7th century) and traces of an early medieval, two Romanesque and one Gothic predecessor church were found. Silver rings with a Christian cross, a bronze horseshoe spur and a necklace with gold-plated sleeves from early Christian times were also discovered, as well as numerous remains of Romanesque frescoes. The presumed grave of the church founder Oswald von Schrofenstein was also found. Under the church floor there were five more floors, the oldest traces of the early church date from the year 430: charred wood residues in the area of ​​the old baptismal font, the age of which was determined using the C14 method. The first church, a late Roman hall church, is dated between 430 and 480. It has already been extended by around 500 to include an apse with a large priest's bench and a baptistery, of which the foundations and the early Christian baptismal font have been preserved. A relatively large Christian community must have existed as early as the 5th century, which is located on the famous Via Claudia Augusta . The priest's bench offered space for 5-7 clergymen, which is why the assumption is that the church was connected to a monastery, as was the case in Säben, the first Tyrolean bishopric.
• Parish church of St. Joseph Opifex in Bruggen, built in the 1960s
• The former Capuchin Church and Parish Church Landeck-Perjen . The Capuchins left the monastery in 2007 due to the lack of new members.
• Burschl Church Hll. Sebastian, Rochus and Pirmin on the Burschl, a plague church from the 17th century
• Chapel of St. John Nepomuk in Bruggen
• Chapel of St. John Nepomuk opposite Landeck Castle
• Inn bridge of the Arlbergbahn, built in 1884 and 1904 as a steel truss bridge, renewed in 2009 as an arch bridge

music

An important venue for cultural events is the newly renovated old cinema in downtown Landeck. Mainly local bands, but also well-known musicians such as the Tyrolean Manu Delago perform there.

The two Landeck brass bands make another important contribution to cultural life. The Stadtmusikkapelle Landeck plays symphonic brass music at a high international level, which is proven by successful participation in competitions. The Stadtmusikkapelle Landeck-Perjen sets accents with its show concerts. Under the direction of Hermann Delago, the Landeck-Perjen town band developed into one of the most successful modern brass bands in all of Austria. The May concert is one of the most popular concerts in the entire valley.

The Landeck City Festival at the end of July is regularly attended by around 9,000 people.

Concerts and exhibitions are also held in Landeck Castle, which was completely renovated in 2005 . The Landecker Heimatmuseum is also located there; the permanent exhibition is dedicated to the topic of migration in the Tyrolean Oberland.

Sports

Around 40 teams from several nations take part in the international bowling tournament in Schrofenstein.

The ski jump built in 1934 on the trams above Landeck was one of the largest in the country. The Landeck Ski Club, which was founded in 1908, sets the tone in youth work.

A traditional football club is the SV Landeck, represented for many years in the Tyrolean league and in the regional league. At the end of the 2011/12 season, he had to go to the regional league West (sixth highest performance class) after a 2-1 defeat against local rivals Zams . At the end of the 2015/16 season, they were even relegated to the Bezirksliga West (seventh highest Austrian performance class). The traditional club from the Oberland became champions of the regional league West in the 2017/18 season and champions of the regional league West in 2018/19 and thus rose again to the regional league West.

economy

Landeck was an important center of the textile industry in the 19th and 20th centuries . In 1940 no fewer than 800 employees were on the payrolls of the textile factory founded in Bruggen in 1901. By 1993 the workforce was gradually reduced to 230. Today only 78 employees work in the Linz Textil AG plant. With the help of currently (September 30, 2017) a total of 31 ring spindle machines and 37,500 spindles, 450 tons of cotton yarn are produced per month, which are used for the production of cotton clothing, bed linen, bath towels and hand towels. The cotton is bought in the USA, Egypt, Spain, Greece and Israel, the yarn is processed in other production facilities of the company or 60 percent is sold to other manufacturers. In September 2017, 15 million euros were invested in a new high-performance spinning line with 17 state-of-the-art machines, thus giving a de facto location guarantee. The equity ratio is 73.3 percent.

The Karbidwerk the Donau Chemie AG produces calcium carbide for Acetylengasherstellung, the steel and hot metal desulphurization and the foundry industry. The maximum production capacity per year is 38,000 tons. The electricity required is obtained from the Wiesberg power plant, which went into operation in 1901. This generates 77 million kWh of electricity per year and has a maximum output of 17 MW. Currently (2016) there are 76 employees.

ÖBB has lost a lot of its importance as an employer . At the beginning of the 1920s, around 800 railway workers were still employed at Landecker Bahnhof, and the electrification cut the workforce by half. In the 1970s, the station still had around 200 employees.

At the Lantech service center in Bruggen, which was built on part of the textile factory, innovative companies and start-ups are to be kept or relocated in Landeck. The neighboring communities of Landeck and Zams are working together on a location and economic development that is unique for the federal state of Tyrol and is designed and supported by the Institute for Location, Regional and Local Development ISK.

The trade, which was traditionally well represented in Landeck due to its convenient location, has lost its importance. The family businesses that were originally primarily located in Malserstrasse have almost all disappeared. In the last ten years, more and more new trading companies and specialist shops have settled in the city center and in the Bruggen district, but almost all of them branches instead of the family businesses that have dominated for a long time. The interests of the city's commercial enterprises are represented by the “service community”, which aims to ensure the functionality of the inner city and reduce the outflow of purchasing power to other districts. The merchants from Landeck and Zams not only finance the annual Christmas competition and the Christmas lights, but also organize the Advent market and the night of shopping (2015 with 7,000 visitors). The aim of making the city center more attractive also serves the weekly fresh market on Friday. From 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., bread and pastries, fruit and vegetables, sausages and fish are offered there.

The construction and ancillary trades, trades and wholesaling benefit from the strong tourism in the Landeck district. This is the most tourism - intensive district in Austria and, after the French Hautes-Alpes department, the second most intensive region in the entire Alpine region. The city, like the entire district, is therefore confronted with high seasonal unemployment, below-average wages and a lack of year-round jobs. Summer tourism only accounts for around a quarter of the total number of overnight stays in the district.

The city itself is the center of the Tirol West holiday region, which also includes Zams , Fließ , Tobadill , Grins and Stanz .

Many of Landeck's residents work in the central Innsbruck area and have to commute every day. Especially since there are only a few jobs for graduates from secondary schools and universities, the migration balance is also very negative. The population is stagnating in contrast to the neighboring district capital Imst , which jumped the 10,000-inhabitant limit in 2015.

coat of arms

The city ​​coat of arms shows a green three-mountain. This stands for the three individual communities. Above you can see the three-part castle that gave Landeck its name, as well as the Tyrolean eagle. The coat of arms was designed by the Innsbruck painter Ludwig Sturm .

mayor

• Joseph Johann Pircher, First Mayor of the new Landeck community (October 4, 1900 to October 4, 1903), cemetery expansion, construction of the school and community center for the young community.
• Franz Handle (October 6, 1903 to May 12, 1919), Securing the water supply through the spring taps on the Thial, 1904 market rights. The collapse of the monarchy and the bitter hardship of the post-war period.
• Franz Schrott (May 15, 1919 to December 2, 1919), the German Freedom Party came into office through an alliance with the Social Democrats, but only held office for half a year.
• Josef Alois Propst (December 2, 1919 to November 28, 1925) continued the list of Christian-social mayors. City elevation 1923.
• Josef Hamerl (November 28, 1925 to December 14, 1928), construction of the swimming pool, weighbridge, Grinner water pipe, secondary school, paving of Maisengasse. Violent arguments with the social democrats.
• Ehrenreich Greuter senior (December 14, 1928 to April 18, 1934, meanwhile administrative administrator, October 3, 1932 to May 19, 1933), struggled with the devastating effects of the global economic crisis on the town, but after the municipal council elections of 1933 only remained unfavorable thanks to a drawing of lots of his National Socialist opponent Hans Bernard in office, was subsequently banned by the Social Democratic Party.
• Johann Weiskopf (April 24, 1934 to March 13, 1938), building barracks; from April 24, 1934 to December 23, 1935 only administrator, as the local council no longer had a quorum due to the ban on the NSDAP and the Social Democratic Party. In December 1935, elected mayor of the Austro-fascist Landeck by the community assembly that was not democratically legitimized.
• Rudolf Josef Bunza, acting mayor (March 13, 1938 to September 19, 1939), appointed by the National Socialists. Long-standing party member as a blood medalist. Establishment of the leader principle at community level. Merger with Zams on July 14, 1938. Construction of social housing and the South Tyrolean settlements in Landeck and Zams.
• Hermann Bursian (September 19, 1939 to May 4, 1945), moved the town hall to the parish area and took legal action against the Capuchin monastery in Perjen; Expropriation of numerous plots of land for the expansion of the barracks, plans for a large-scale cemetery expansion
• Wilhelm Koubek, served as a Nazi victim appointed by the Americans on May 5, 1945 only in the first days after the war.
• Josef Egger only served until June 14, 1945, when he became district captain for a short time as a Nazi persecuted.
• Adalbert Krismer (June 14, 1945 to May 2, 1946) fell out of favor with the French occupying forces
• Josef Jöchler (March 21, 1946 to May 2, 1946) only acted on an interim basis
• Stefan Zechner (May 2, 1946 to June 9, 1948), the Innsbrucker, led the community until the first municipal council election after the war, because none of the politically unencumbered councilors were ready to take on the task.
• Hans Zangerl (June 9, 1948 to March 18, 1956), first democratically elected mayor after the war (ÖVP). Construction of the community halls in Salurner Strasse and the settlement in Kreuzbühelgasse. Purchase of the “Goldener Adler” hotel (later razing and construction of the town square), construction of the school building in Perjen, adaptation of the Schentenvilla as town hall. Withdrawal of the French occupation soldiers in 1955.
• Ehrenreich Greuter jun. (ÖVP, March 18, 1956 to May 20, 1966), moving into the new town hall on the Schenten, building the log houses on the Öd.
• Anton Braun (ÖVP, May 20, 1966 to July 7, 1988), construction of the central fire station, the old people's home, construction work at the Angedair elementary school and the student home, new construction of the Gerber, Burschl and Perjener bridges; West-east bypass through the Perjentunnel
• Reinhold Greuter (ÖVP, July 7, 1988 to March 15, 1998), first directly elected mayor of the city of Landeck. Construction of the city hall, the underground car park and the new pedestrian bridge from Perfuchs to Angedair, design of Malserstrasse and improvement of the water supply.
• Engelbert Stenico (SPÖ, March 15, 1998 to November 18, 2012), put his main focus on social issues, commitment to the asylum seekers home in the Kaifenau. Realization of the southern bypass; Development of the Wienerwald area in the city center. Fatal accident on a hiking tour.
• Herbert Mayer (ÖVP), after the accidental death of Engelbert Stenico, was temporarily deputy mayor for 3½ months.
• Wolfgang Jörg (ÖVP) won the mayoral elections on March 3, 2013 and February 28, 2016. Establishment of the six-semester bachelor's degree in “Economy, Health and Sports Tourism”. Since autumn 2019 “Master's degree in sustainable regional and destination development”, around a quarter of which takes place in Landeck. Conversion and revitalization of the Landeck-Angedair elementary school. Corona crisis with the Landeck district as a hotspot. Resignation on May 31, 2020 due to a conviction by the regional administrative court for the illegal employment of asylum seekers by Venet Bergbahnen AG.
• Thomas Hittler (ÖVP), on an interim basis in his office as Vice Mayor from June 1, 2020 after the resignation of Wolfgang Jörg. Violent disputes with the SPÖ and the Greens over the rescue package for the Venet mountain railways in August 2020.

Personalities

• Anton Braun (1925–2014), mayor 1966–1988
• Herbert Danler (1928–2011) was an art teacher at the BRG Landeck until 1984
• Alois Fischer (1796–1883), court commissioner of Tyrol and governor in Upper Austria
• Alois Flir (1805–1859), university professor, papal house prelate, judge at the papal court
• Leonhard von Gienger , carer for Landeck and Pfunds in the 16th century
• Vinzenz Hirn (1886–1960), 1918–1928 Head of Court in Landeck, 1946–1957 Councilor of the Constitutional Court in Vienna
• Chryseldis Hofer-Mitterer (1948–2017), artist
• Sepp Jöchler (1923–1994), extreme mountaineer
• Wolfgang Konrad (* 1958), athlete
• Julius Graf Marzani (1879–1961), Landeck District Captain 1919–1931, member of the Administrative Court in Vienna
• Dietmar Mössmer (* 1955) actor
• Isidor Müller (1827–1900), lawyer, writer, publisher, photographer, alpinist and promoter of tourism
• Gerald Kurdoğlu Nitsche (* 1941), artist
• Michael and Martin Öttl (* 1969 and 1968 respectively), guitar duo
• Hans Patsch (1600 – after 1646), baroque sculptor
• Karl Paulmichl (1873–1933), builder, architect
• Daniela Pintarelli (* 1983), racing cyclist
• Peter Gabriel Prantauer (1730–1797), Capuchin Provincial
• Michael Schneider (* 1967), visual artist
• Oswald von Schrofenstein , court owner of Landeck and Laudeck at the end of the 15th century, district chief of Landeck, Laudeck, Imst, Pfunds and Naudersberg
• Josef Schumacher (1894–1971), District Captain of Landeck 1933–1935, Governor of Tyrol from 1935 to March 13, 1938
• Raoul Schrott (* 1964), author
• Josef Paul Stapf (1762–1809), mathematician
• Dominikus Trenkwalder (1841–1897), sculptor
• Hans Ritter von Urich (1839–1913), commander of the Kaiserjäger Regiment 1890–1895, field marshal lieutenant
• Hans Wulz (1909–1985), painter and restorer

photos

• 

  View of Landeck in south direction

• 

  View of Landeck in west direction

• 

  View of Landeck from Krahberg

• 

  Parish Church of the Assumption

• 

  Gerber Bridge over the Inn

• 

  War memorial

and display information about the image

Panorama towards Perfuchs

Web links

Commons : Landeck  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• 70614 - Landeck. Community data, Statistics Austria .
• City of Landeck
• History-Tyrol: Landeck
• Landeck Castle

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Manfred Köhler: Perjentunnel (Landeck, Tirol): building geological conditions, prognosis and tectonic conclusions . In: Geological-Paleontological Messages Innsbruck . tape 12 , 1982, pp. 252 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
2. ^ Climate data from Austria 1971-2000 - Tirol-Landeck ( German ) Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics. Archived from the original on October 12, 2019. Retrieved October 29, 2019.
3. ^ Stadtgemeinde Landeck: Stadtbuch Landeck. Landeck-Innsbruck 1998, p. 67.
4. ↑ Rundschau, Landeck edition 2018 / No. 28, p. 22.
5. ^ Stadtgemeinde Landeck: Stadtbuch Landeck. Landeck-Innsbruck 1998, pp. 69f.
6. ↑ http://othes.univie.ac.at/8645/1/2010-01-27_9226730.pdf p. 119
7. ↑ ^{a b} Landeck .
8. ↑ ^{a b} parish letter summer 2016
9. ↑ http://othes.univie.ac.at/8645/1/2010-01-27_9226730.pdf (p. 87)
10. ^ Stadtgemeinde Landeck: Stadtbuch Landeck. Landeck-Innsbruck 1998, p. 71.
11. ↑ http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno?aid=tan&date=19230707&seite=21&zoom=33&query=%22Stadterammlung%22%2B%22landeck%22%2B%22tiroler%22%2B%22anzeiger% 22 & ref = anno-search
12. ↑ ^{a b} Stadtgemeinde Landeck: Stadtbuch Landeck. Landeck-Innsbruck 1998, p. 73.
13. ↑ https://www.geschichte-tirol.com/orte/nordtirol/gebiete-landeck/1296-landeck83.html?showall=&start=3
14. ↑ https://www.geschichte-tirol.com/orte/nordtirol/ Bezirk-landeck/1296-landeck83.html?showall=&start= 2
15. ↑ http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno?aid=tan&date=19230707&seite=22&zoom=33&query=%22Stadterammlung%22%2B%22landeck%22%2B%22tiroler%22%2B%22anzeiger% 22 & ref = anno-search
16. ↑ Landeck .
17. ^ Roman Spiss: Landeck 1918-1945. A story not yet written. Schlern-Schriften 307, Innsbruck 1998, pp. 105-112, pp. 174-175, pp. 193-197
18. ^ Roman Spiss: Landeck 1918-1945. A story not yet written. Schlern-Schriften 307, Innsbruck 1998, pp. 147–162.
19. ↑ See in detail Roman Spiss, Landeck 1918–1945.
20. ↑ Rundschau (Landeck edition) No. 5/2015, p. 15.
21. ↑ umit.at ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
22. ↑ Rundschau No. 1/2017, p. 9.
23. ↑ Rundschau August 7/8, 2019, p. 3.
24. ↑ Rundschau 29./30.6.2016, p. 6.
25. ↑ Sanna power plant: operators stick to plans . 23 October 2014.
26. ↑ Election 2016 - This is how Tyrol voted . February 28, 2016.
27. ↑ You are Tyrol Cooperative: Civil protection alarm: Mure relocates Sanna .
28. ↑ Tyrolean daily newspaper from September 13, 2016.
29. ↑ Panorama. Report Landeck / Zams from December 4, 2016, p. 5.
30. ↑ https://tirol.orf.at/stories/3040336/
31. ↑ bang: Landeck City boss Wolfgang Jörg resigned .
32. ↑ Tiroler Tageszeitung 4th July 2020, p. 24.
33. ↑ https://www.mein Bezirk.at/landeck/c-lokales/venet-diskussion-endet-mit-einem-eklat_a4184790
34. ↑ ^{a b} Municipal council election 2010 .
35. ^ State of Tyrol - elections .
36. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Dehio Tirol 1980 , Landeck, pages 452 to 460
37. ^ Wenzel Helmut: Stadtpfarrkirche: excavations take a break . August 14, 2012.
38. ↑ Helmut Wenzel: Landeck celebrated its ancient cultural property . August 12, 2016.
39. ↑ rundschau.at ( Memento from December 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
40. ↑ skl.co.at  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
41. ↑ sv-landeck.at ( Memento from July 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
42. ↑ Rundschau from 20./21. May 2015, p. 13.
43. ↑ Tiroler Tageszeitung from September 30, 2017, p. 22.
44. ↑ Rundschau 29/30/6/2016, p. 6.
45. ↑ echo. Yearbook of the economy for the Landeck district. October 2015, pp. 20–21.
46. ↑ echo. Yearbook of the economy for the Landeck district. October 2015, pp. 22–23.
47. ↑ echo. Yearbook of the economy for the Landeck district. October 2015, pp. 14–19.
48. ↑ mobileapps.tt.com ( Memento from November 17, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
49. ↑ https://www.tt.com/artikel/16997274/schleichende-amtsuebergabe-in-landeck
50. ↑ https://www.mein Bezirk.at/landeck/c-lokales/venet-diskussion-endet-mit-einem-eklat_a4184790