Neukölln-Mittenwald Railway

Neukölln-Mittenwald Railway
Teltow Canal station
Route number (DB) :	6543 (Mittenwalde – Zossen)
Route length:	28.8 km
Gauge :	1435 mm ( standard gauge )
Legend from Neukölln 0.0 Berlin Hermannstrasse ( Gross Rixdorf ) to Berlin Südkreuz 2.7 Teltow Canal Connection to Gradestrasse BSR waste plant Gradestrasse 4.2 Berlin-Britz 6.5 Berlin-Buckow 8.7 Berlin-Rudow North Rudow industrial trunk line 9.8 Berlin-Rudow 10.8 Berlin-Rudow South State border Berlin - Brandenburg Outer ring of goods from the outer ring of goods 13.1 Schönefeld (Kr Teltow) village Connection to the Henschelbahn 16.8 Selchow 19.3 Great Kienitz 21.8 Brusendorf 27.0 Mittenwalde (Mark) North Mittenwalde (Mark) hospital 28.8 Mittenwalde (Mark) Ost to Königs Wusterhausen and Töpchin 31.1 Nice plan Telz 37.4 Zossen Zoa of Rangsdorf Zossen to Jüterbog and to Wünsdorf

The Neukölln-Mittenwalder Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft (NME) started operations on September 28, 1900 under the name Rixdorf-Mittenwalder Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft . The line connected the Hermannstraße station in Berlin-Neukölln on the Ringbahn with Mittenwalde in the Mark Brandenburg and was extended to Schöneicher Plan on May 26, 1903. Today, only short sections of the route in the north and south of the route are still in operation for freight traffic.

history

Construction and first decades of operation

Away from the state railway lines , the end of the 19th century was still almost medieval in terms of transport technology. The most widely used means of transport for goods was the horse-drawn vehicle, which - powered by two horsepower - rumbled slowly over the roads and country lanes with around one to two tons of cargo. In addition, there were natural or artificial waterways, the exhausting stake was often hindered or impossible in summer when the water was low and in winter when there was ice.

In order to be able to include less developed regions in the economic upswing of the time, the Prussian state passed the Prussian Small Railroad Act , which came into force on July 28, 1892. This made the construction and operation of lines of minor importance much easier and cheaper.

In this situation, some farmers and entrepreneurs, primarily the brickworks owners on the Schöneich Plan, developed the initiative to promote the construction of a railway leading directly to Berlin . The interest of the Rixdorfer Landowners Association in the cheaper delivery of backing bricks for the booming residential construction also led to the establishment of the stock corporation for the Kleinbahn Rixdorf – Mittenwalde on June 6, 1899 . Vering & Waechter was won as a financially strong partner who also took over the planning, construction and operation . This later also took over the majority of shares from the district of Teltow .

Share of 1000 RM in the Neukölln-Mittenwalder Railway Company from April 1, 1936

When the city of Rixdorf was renamed Neukölln on January 27, 1912 , the company took until October 4, 1919 to take over the name change. To develop the Tempelhof-Ost industrial area with factories such as Sarotti or Standard Elektrik Lorenz (SEL), a siding ran parallel to the Teltow Canal along Teilestraße and Ordensmeisterstraße to the Tempelhof harbor . Today the track is only available to the west end of Teilestrasse at the intersection with Komturstrasse, but is no longer connected to the NME. The rail connection was of considerable economic importance, especially for SEL:

“The standard-gauge company siding was one of the most important means of transport for the many raw materials for Lorenz AG's products [...]. Everything that was not particularly heavy and large was delivered here: wires and strips, rods and sheets, whether made of wood or metal. "

In 1936 the NME took a third share of the capital of the Königs Wusterhausen-Mittenwalde-Töpchiner Kleinbahn , with which there was a rail connection in Mittenwalde. Furthermore, a track connection to the Henschelbahn was realized in the same year, creating a connection to the Henschel works . This ensured, above all, the transportation of people for workers and forced laborers of the aircraft factories during the war.

Post-war period and division of Berlin

Teltowkanal station (street side), in the foreground the siding to Ullsteinstrasse, 1988

At the end of the Second World War, work began on a connection from Schöneicher Plan to Zossen, which reached the Dresden Railway south of Dabendorf . The line was inaugurated in September 1945, but shortly thereafter dismantled as a reparation payment to the Soviet Union. With the division of Berlin, however, the importance of the route for bypassing West Berlin was recognized by the East German side (the outer freight ring also ran in parts through West Berlin) and the route was put back into operation in 1950. For a short time there was a train connection from Berlin-Grünau station via a connecting curve to the Güteraußenring, Altglienicke and Grünbergallee , a connecting curve to the NME, Schönefeld (Kr.Teltow) Dorf , Mittenwalde (Mark) to Töpchin .

The NME was also of particular importance after the war, because on Soviet orders it had to supply the south of Berlin with coal from the Senftenberg and Lusatian districts. It was the only provisionally rebuilt bridge connection over the Teltow Canal in the south of Berlin.

In the course of the blockade , by order of the Allied Western Powers, the Tempelhof airport railway was provided with a direct connection to the NME, bypassing the Deutsche Reichsbahn and thus assigned an important role in the transport of relief supplies. The Berlin blockade in 1948 permanently interrupted traffic beyond the city limits. Passenger traffic was stopped on GDR territory as far as Mittenwalde North in 1951, as far as Mittenwalde East in 1952 and on Berlin territory on May 1, 1955. Since then, only freight traffic has been carried out on the rest of the route in Berlin .

After the Berlin Wall was erected in 1961, the trains had to pass two border gates to drive through a 300-meter-long section of track between Buckow and Rudow located in GDR territory.

In 1963 the Rudow power plant was put into operation. Its supply of coal, rock powder, lime and ammonia became the focus of rail operations on the line for the next 40 years. At the same time, a 1.2-kilometer bypass route was built to bypass the 300 meters in GDR territory in order to ensure the supply of the power plant regardless of any arbitrary measures on the part of the GDR. The original line in the Rudow area, which was interrupted at the Berlin city limits, was abandoned in 1982 and then dismantled.

The route from Mittenwalde via Schöneicher Plan in the direction of Zossen, on the other hand, reached its heyday after the war, as an important connection for passenger and freight traffic. With the commissioning of the Berlin outer ring in 1951, however, the route was then only of importance for local traffic, as a diversion route and for strategic purposes. On April 25, 1974, passenger traffic was also stopped here.

When planning the city ​​highways for West Berlin , the route of the NMK west of Schaffhausener Straße was planned for the east bypass from Kreuz Tempelhof.

After the turn

Transfer station Neukölln, on the right the ML 00610 of the NME, 1996

Reloading system for garbage containers in the Teltow Canal station, locomotive ML 00610, on the right the siding to Gradestrasse, 1997

Freight traffic on the Schöneicher Plan – Mittenwalde section then ceased on January 1, 2001. The remaining section from Schöneicher Plan to Dabendorf was used until the end of 2011 for waste transport to the Schöneicher Plan landfill. On the NME main line in Berlin, the highest value was reached in the 1990s with two million tonnes of transport, when excavated earth was transported from the construction of the city motorway and the north-south tunnel to a former landfill in Großziethen connected to the NME via a rail connection .

From 1997, initially with the end of the earthworks, the continuous decline in transport volumes in freight transport began. In 2003, with the closure of the Rudow power station, coal transport, an important pillar of freight transport, also ceased. In the same year, the BSR waste disposal facility Gradestrasse received a direct connection to the line, so that the waste transfer station at the Teltowkanal station a little further north, which had been built ten years earlier, could be abandoned and dismantled. As a result, the transfer station in Berlin-Neukölln on the Ringbahn was reduced to two tracks in December 2008, and in 2011 the closure of the southwest half of the Teltowkanal station (old garbage transfer station) was initiated.

With the end of household waste sorting in the BSR garbage plant on Gradestrasse (end of 2011), the characteristic waste transport by rail from Berlin-Neukölln via the DB route to Schöneicher Plan was also discontinued after 20 years. This was last carried out by the Havelländische Eisenbahn . The operation of the tank farm in Rudow had to be stopped in March 2012 due to under-flushing of the track system. Legal disputes prevented prompt repairs, so that operation could only be resumed a year later. The rail connection to the former Großziethen landfill was dismantled in 2012/2013.

Routing

Teltow Canal station from the north, 1988

Teltow Canal station, switchman sets manual switch , left wagon with containers of the BSR , right
locomotive ML 00613, 1997

Route with bridge over the Teltow Canal , at the same time under the city motorway, 2004

Bridge over the Teltow Canal with the NME garbage truck, 2004

In Mittenwalde-Telz, at Schöneicher Plan train station, which opened in 1903, the last NME reception building still standing is located.

After initial difficulties in determining the endpoints in Berlin and Mittenwalde, this route resulted. The starting point, and thus the mileage, began at the Hermannstrasse ring station, which allowed easy transfers from the S-Bahn and the use of the Rixdorf freight station. At the time of the opening, the stations to the south were connected:

• Britz as the original depot after 4.1 kilometers
• Buckow after 6.4 kilometers
• Rudow after 9.7 kilometers
• Schönefeld after 13.0 kilometers
• Selchow after 16.8 kilometers
• Groß Kienitz after 19.2 kilometers
• Brusendorf after 21.7 kilometers
• Mittenwalde after 27.0 kilometers

Major extensions were

• Extension to the Schöneicher Plan on May 26, 1903 (kilometer 31.4)
• Branch to Rudow at the beginning of 1907 (kilometer 8.1)
• Construction of the Teltow Canal station on October 23, 1907 (kilometer 2.5) and relocation of the depot from Britz here
• The Mittenwalde Hospital stop was built on June 3, 1931
• Extension to Mittenwalde Ost on May 15, 1933
• Establishment of a track connection to the Henschel aircraft factory in 1936/37
• Construction of the Rudow West and Rudow Süd stops in May 1937 (kilometers 8.7 and 10.8, respectively)

vehicles

Initially, the railway had a three-axle and two two-axle steam locomotives that had been built near Borsig . There were also ten passenger cars, two pack wagons, twenty-five goods wagons and two railway master cars as well as a trolley . By 1913 the number of locomotives grew to nine vehicles, with the exception of locomotive 5 ( Henschel ) also all from Borsig. In 1938 there were ten locomotives, weaker vehicles (including Locomotive 1) were sold and stronger ones - used by the DRG - were acquired. In addition, class 74, 91 and 92 rental locomotives were used during the war and post-war years.

After the end of the war, a machine of the "War Series" 52 52 5014 (Orenstein & Koppel No. 14 093 from 1944) was running on the tracks as a column locomotive. Locomotive 5 (II) had to be handed over to the Soviet occupying power. In the first years after the war, the railway owned eight steam locomotives.

Until the early 1960s, NME operated steam. Steam locomotive 6 was still parked in April 1967 in the Teltow Canal station. Since 1936 there were also two internal combustion railcars in passenger transport , the four-axle bogie vehicle T1 ("Rasender Rixdorfer") and the shorter, two-axle T2 ("Fliegender Hermann"). Around 1958 the first diesel locomotive appeared, a former Wehrmachtslok the V 20 series , which was designated DL 00,601th It was exchanged for railcar 1 by the OHE . A year later it was followed by an R 40 C from Jung as DL 00602 .

In 1951, railcar 2 was refurbished in the main BVG workshop , but was only used for operational purposes. In the 1950s, some steam locomotives were parked, and in 1959 Krauss-Maffei acquired the DL 00603 (type ML 440 C) shunting locomotive . In 1963, another three-axis machine from Jung was added as the ML 00604 (Jung R 42 C). The Krauss-Maffei locomotive ML 00605 (type Krauss-Maffei ML 700 C ), which was put into service in 1966, was much more powerful with 700 hp .

In 1986/87 the locomotives 00602 and 00603, now called ML (instead of DL), were replaced by two identical Henschel machines ( type DHG 700 C ; ML 00606 and 00607). Before the turn of the millennium, the locomotives ML 00612 (Jung; acquired second-hand from Industriebahn Berlin ) and ML 00613 (Krauss-Maffei; formerly Stinnes AG ) were added. The locomotives ML 00608 and 00609 belong to the G 321 B series from MaK . The two-axle shunting locomotives ML 00610 and 00611 stayed with the NME as rental machines from Henschel (both type DHG 300 B) between 1994 and 1999 and 2000, respectively.

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  Locomotive ML 00605 with tank wagons for the Rudow power station in the Teltow Canal station, 1988

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  ML 00610 in the Teltow Canal station, 1997

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  ML 00613 in Teltow Canal station, 1997

• 

  Garbage freight train on Teilestrasse, 2006

Trivia

The Hermannstrasse passenger station of the NME became famous for the fact that Wilhelm Voigt, known as the captain of Köpenick , took off his uniform in the toilet there.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Michael Thiele: The company C. Lorenz. In: Matthias Heisig: From iron to pralines, Tempelhof and its industry. Edited by District Office Tempelhof of Berlin. Book accompanying the November 2000 exhibition. Tempelhof District Office, Berlin 2000, p. 114.
2. ↑ The Henschelbahn Berlin Grünau - Bohnsdorf - Diepensee on mil-airfields.de , accessed on May 10, 2020
3. ^ Bodo Schulz, Michael Krolop: The private and industrial railways in Berlin (West) . P. 71
4. ^ Rudow power plant
5. ^ Website of the NME: Geschichte , accessed on February 15, 2014
6. ↑ Chronicle of the Neukölln - Mittenwalder Railway at www.biuub.de
7. ↑ Development plan XIII 138 for the future federal motorway - Osttangente - in the area of ​​the Neukölln-Mittenwald railway (scale 1: 1000). (PDF) (No longer available online.) Tempelhof District Office of Berlin, Building Department, February 27, 1974, archived from the original on May 12, 2014 ; accessed on May 11, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.   
8. ↑ Third part. The Neukölln-Mittenwald Railway through the ages. Neukölln-Mittenwalder Eisenbahn, 2010, accessed on May 14, 2011 . 
9. ↑ News. Neukölln-Mittenwalder Eisenbahn, 2010, accessed on May 14, 2011 . 
10. ↑ Waste transport on the NME discontinued . In: Bahn-Report , issue 2/2012, p. 40, publisher: Interest Group Rail Transport eV, Rohr, ISSN  0178-4528
11. ^ Website of the NME: Geschichte , accessed on February 15, 2014
12. ↑ Railway systems in and around Berlin / NME Rolling Stock , accessed on January 28, 2014
13. ↑ Shunting diesel at lokdatenbank.de , accessed on January 28, 2014
14. ↑ Shunting diesel at lokdatenbank.de , accessed on January 28, 2014
15. ^ Bodo Schulz, Michael Krolop: The private and industrial railways in Berlin (West) . P. 64

literature

• Theodor Krafft: The Neukölln-Mittenwald Railway. In: Berliner Verkehrs-Blätter , Volume 17, No. 1 (January 1970), pp. 1–29.
• Bernd Neddermeyer: Neukölln-Mittenwald Railway. B. Neddermeyer, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-933254-14-0 .
• Bodo Schulz / Michael Krolop: The private and industrial railways in Berlin (West) . 1st edition. C. Kersting, Niederkassel-Mondorf 1989, ISBN 3-925250-06-9 , p. 60-75 .

Web links

Commons : Neukölln-Mittenwalder Eisenbahn  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Commons : Güterbahnhof Teltowkanal  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Website of the NME
• Railway systems in and around Berlin - biuub.de
• Berliner-Bahnen.de
• NME vehicles at dybas.de
• Vehicle list at privat-bahn.de
• Early documents and newspaper articles on the Neukölln-Mittenwald Railway in the 20th Century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .