Large berries
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Coordinates: 52 ° 21 ' N , 13 ° 18' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Brandenburg | |
| County : | Teltow-Fläming | |
| Height : | 42 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 51.89 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 8535 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 164 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 14979 | |
| Area code : | 033701 | |
| License plate : | TF | |
| Community key : | 12 0 72 120 | |
| Community structure: | Kernort + 3 districts | |
| Address of the municipal administration: |
At the town hall 1 14979 Großbeeren |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Tobias Borstel ( SPD ) | |
| Location of the community of Großbeeren in the Teltow-Fläming district | ||
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Großbeeren is a municipality in the northern part of the Teltow-Fläming district ( Brandenburg ).
geography
The community is located immediately south of Berlin in the Teltow- Fläming area.
Community structure
The municipality of Großbeeren is divided into the following districts in addition to the core town of Großbeeren (with the inhabited part of the municipality Neubeeren ):
- Diedersdorf
- Heinersdorf with the inhabited parts of the municipality Birkholz , Birkenhain and Friederikenhof
- Small berries
There is also the Altes Forsthaus residential area .
history
13th century to 16th century
Großbeeren was first mentioned in a document in 1271 as part of Big Bern . The place name goes back to the family of von Berne (von Beeren) , who ruled here from the 14th century to the beginning of the 19th century. In addition, the Spandau Monastery and later the Spandau Office (until after 1652) was involved with a lease of two Hufen on site. The spelling magna berne has been handed down from 1356 . The land book of Charles IV shows a family Berktzow from 1375, who initially owned four, later all duty-free hooves until 1668. In total, the area was 50 Hufen, two of them for the pastor, 12 for Wilke von Berne to his farm . There were eight kotters, a jug and a windmill. Furthermore, a Snitlink family with five hooves, a Mr. Kerstian and Wilke Rode with four hooves each and the altar in Cölln with six and the one in Fahrland with seven hooves appeared. In 1450 Großenberne appeared in the documents. The place was now 52 Hufen, two of which still belonged to the pastor and 12 to those of Berne. Furthermore, five kötter worked in the place. The jug and the mill also continued to exist. Around 1500 Großbeeren received pastoral care from Mittenwalde. In 1520 there was a Schulzen for the first time who had five hooves and two Melwendorf hooves. There was a five-hoof, a four-hoof and four other farmers who each worked a Melwendorf hoof; a farmer had half a hoof. In 1542 the spelling Grosen Berenth appeared in a document .
17th and 18th centuries
In 1608 a knight's seat (manor house) was built. In 1668 the Berktzow family sold their hooves to those of Beeren. The last landlord from this noble family, Hans Heinrich Arnold von Beeren, died in 1812 and became known as the “Geist von Beeren” after Theodor Fontane's wanderings through the Mark Brandenburg . The development of Großbeeren in the first centuries was repeatedly marked by warlike devastation and many victims among the inhabitants. For example during the Thirty Years 'War (1618 to 1648) and in the Seven Years' War from 1757 to 1763, when the church and numerous houses of Großbeeren were burned down in the course of the advance of Russian and Austrian troops towards Berlin . Before the Thirty Years' War there were nine Huefners, nine Kötter with a blacksmith and a miller, a shepherd, a tenant shepherd, a couple of householders and a shepherd servant. They managed 13 Hufen in the village and 11 manorial Hufen in the estate. After the war, only three farmers and a Kruger with a son and a farmhand and four kötter lived in the village. Großbeeren recovered comparatively quickly, however: in 1711 there were already six hoofers, seven kötter, a blacksmith, a shepherd, a shepherd and a large and a small farmhand living in the village. They managed 35 hooves. Seven farmers, eight kötter, a windmill and a jug have survived from 1745. Outside the village there was a miller's house. The desert Feldmark Melwendorf was mentioned as a manor . In 1760 the village church burned down . In 1771 there were 15 gables (= houses), a blacksmith, a shepherd, two pairs of householders, a shepherd and a servant. They continued to farm 35 hooves and had to pay 8 groschen in taxes per hoof. In 1773 a noble windmill appeared for the first time.
19th century
1801 lived and worked six whole farmers and six Ganzkötter in the place. There were ten residents , a forge, a jug and a windmill. The forester worked 1,500 acres of wood. Then there was the estate with the Neubeeren Vorwerk . Together this resulted in 35 farmer's hooves and 24 leaning hooves with 20 fire places (= houses). The battle of Großbeeren on 23 August 1813, named after the place, is of historical importance , in which the Prussian-Russian coalition troops under General Bülow defeated the French troops and their Saxon allies and thus saved Berlin from Napoleon occupation . After the war, built church , a new village church in the years 1818-1820. A newly erected monument commemorated the victorious battle. In 1824 the Mumme family took over the place, but only held it until 1827. After that, an owner v. Beyer , who was the owner of Großbeeren until 1838. In 1840 there were 29 houses in the village. In 1849 the jurisdiction changed from the patrimonial and chamber court to the district court of Berlin. In 1858 a total of 17 farm and estate owners and a tenant with 32 servants and maids lived in the village and manor. There were also 32 day laborers, six part-time farmers with seven male servants and maids. There were 73 workers, six servants and a total of 24 possessions. One comprised 3,500 acres, and eleven more altogether 1,335 acres on the order of 30 to 300 acres. There were also twelve properties between 5 and 30 acres in size, which together farmed 179 acres. There was a master butcher with a journeyman and an apprentice, a master shoemaker with a journeyman, two master tailors with a journeyman, three journeyman carpenter, a master cartwright, three journeyman masons, a master blacksmith, a businessman, a Kruger and eight arms. In 1860, a total of 1,476 acres were farmed, including 1107 acres of arable land, 169 acres of meadow, 70 acres of forest, 60 acres of pasture and 35 acres of garden land. The homesteads took up 35 acres. There were two public as well as 64 commercial and 40 residential buildings. There were also 15 farm buildings and eight residential buildings in the manor. The Briesen family took control of the village and estate by 1864. In 1879 the jurisdiction changed again and lay with the District Court of Berlin II until 1906. The city of Berlin bought the Großbeeren estate in 1881 and in the following years established sewage fields on its land , which were in operation until the end of the 20th century.
20th and 21st centuries
In 1900 there were 124 houses in the village, plus nine houses in the manor. In 1906 the jurisdiction changed to the district court of Berlin-Lichterfelde and stayed there until 1945. In 1913 a memorial tower was built for the Battle of Großbeeren. In 1928 the manor was combined with the village to form a community. In 1939 there was a large agricultural and forestry business that cultivated more than 100 hectares. Two farms worked an area of 20 to 100 hectares, a further 14 farms an area of 10 to 20 hectares and 13 farms with five to 10 hectares. A further 38 farms only had 0.5 to 5 hectares available.
During the Third Reich , in September 1942 , the Gestapo set up a “labor education camp” for opponents of National Socialism and forced laborers , through which around 45,000 prisoners passed by April 1945. Probably the most prominent inmate from March to August 1943 was the worker sportsman Werner Seelenbinder . At least 1,197 prisoners were killed here because of poor nutrition, abuse, exhaustion or inhuman forced labor, including 340 from the former Soviet Union , 334 from Poland , 182 from France , 99 from former Czechoslovakia , 40 from Belgium and 97 Germans. An international memorial near the Bülow pyramid is dedicated to all of them.
On April 23, 1945 Großbeeren was occupied by the Red Army and from the end of World War II until 1949 it belonged to the territory of the Soviet occupation zone of Germany, then to the GDR . During this time, 51 hectares of land were expropriated and divided between old and new farmers; a people's own property was founded. In 1950, Kleinbeeren and the Neubeeren, Reichsbahnsiedlung, Umspannwerk, Forelle, Suchowski, Am Bahnhof and Rathenow-Siedlung residential areas were incorporated. Until the reorganization of the GDR into districts in 1952, Großbeeren was in the area of the Teltow district in the state of Brandenburg , from then until 1990 in the newly created Zossen district of the Potsdam district . In 1956, VEB Fahrzeugwerke Großbeeren was established and employed 86 people. In 1960 a type I LPG was established, which by 1961 already had 30 members and farmed 171 hectares of agricultural land. After the construction of the Berlin Wall on August 13, 1961 , the border between the GDR and West Berlin, which ran just a few kilometers north of Großbeeren, moved Großbeeren to a geographical peripheral location. Gut Osdorf , located directly on the border fence after West Berlin was sealed off , was demolished in 1968 - with the exception of a barn. The residents were forcibly relocated. In 1970 the LPG was dissolved and the land was handed over to the Großbeeren teaching and experimental farm. In 1973 a VEB Gerätebau, a cooperative plant production department and a PGH radio and television were founded. There was also a state forestry company and a district forester. A few years before the fall of the Wall, an additional motorway feeder from the Berliner Ring and a Großbeeren border crossing were planned for transit traffic to and from West Berlin, but this was no longer realized due to reunification in 1990. Großbeeren has been part of the new Teltow-Fläming district since 1993. With the dissolution of the office of Ludwigsfelde -Land at the end of 2001, Großbeeren achieved the status of an office-free municipality.
Incorporations
- Kleinbeeren 1st July 1950
- Osdorf December 31, 1999, renamed Heinersdorf in 2000
- Diedersdorf December 31, 2001
Population development
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Territory of the respective year, number of inhabitants: as of December 31 (from 1991), from 2011 based on the 2011 census
politics
Community representation
The community council of Großbeeren consists of 18 community representatives and the full-time mayor with the following distribution of seats:
| Party / group of voters | Seats |
|---|---|
| We for Großbeeren | 4th |
| CDU | 4th |
| SPD | 3 |
| Alliance 90 / The Greens | 3 |
| FDP | 2 |
| The left | 1 |
| Individual applicant Jan Bartoszek | 1 |
(As of: local election on May 26, 2019 )
mayor
- 2002–2018: Carl Ahlgrimm (since 2017 CDU)
- since 2018: Tobias Borstel (SPD)
Borstel was elected in the mayoral election on January 28, 2018 with 52.2% of the valid votes for a term of eight years.
coat of arms
The coat of arms was approved on December 20, 1999.
Blazon : “Divided by silver and blue, top right a cut green oak branch with fruits and left a silver-bordered black iron cross ; below a red-armed, flying silver swan snapping at scattered golden berries. "
flag
The flag is striped green - white - green in a ratio of 1: 2: 1 with the municipal coat of arms in the median.
Parish partnership
The partner municipality of Großbeeren has been Lewin Kłodzki in Poland since July 4, 2003 .
Attractions
- The Evangelical Church of Großbeeren, located in the center of the village, was built according to a design by Karl Friedrich Schinkel between 1818 and 1820 in neo-Gothic style as a replacement for the church that was destroyed in 1760. Schinkel had previously designed the monument to those who died in the Battle of Großbeeren, erected in the churchyard of Großbeeren in 1817: a cast-iron obelisk on a stone plinth. In 2011 the church was extensively renovated.
- On August 23, 1913, a 32 meter high memorial tower with an exhibition hall in the base was inaugurated on the 100th anniversary of the Battle of Großbeeren . It bears the following inscription: “ Here on August 23, 1813, the French army was defeated by the Prussian troops under General von Bülow . The victory saved Berlin from the threat of French occupation. “As early as 1817, an obelisk was erected in the village church to commemorate and in 1906 the city of Berlin piled a pyramid made of boulders on a former windmill hill, which is called the Bülow Pyramid.
- The village church of Großbeeren was probably built from field stones in the first half of the 14th century. These were plastered at a later date. In the years 1710 and 1712 the parish built the roof tower made of timber framing and enlarged the southern box extension. Inside there is a pulpit and a fifth from the end of the 19th century.
- The Diedersdorf manor from the 18th century is used as a hotel and restaurant in the 21st century.
- The village church of Kleinbeeren originally dates from the second half of the 13th century and was rebuilt after being partially destroyed during the Thirty Years' War .
- The main building of the Kleinbeeren estate was built around 1600 in the Renaissance style and, after decades of deterioration, was rebuilt as an apartment building by the architects Eilers BDA in 2015/2016.
nature
Parts of the Diedersdorfer Heide and Großbeerener Graben protected landscape areas belong to the municipality.
Economy and Infrastructure
The freight transport center -Berlin Süd Großbeeren , built in 1998 and expanded in 2005, is of considerable importance for the supply of Berlin . Its terminal for combined transport consists of a container transshipment station with a gantry crane , an entrance for container trucks and a container service center. The operator is the Deutsche Umschlaggesellschaft Schiene - Straße (DUSS) mbH. The GVZ also has its own public tracks, which are operated by the IPG infrastructure and project development company. In the GVZ, the rail construction company Spitzke SE operates an administration center with a siding and a fleet of vehicles for the new construction and repair work of the railways in Berlin and Brandenburg.
In addition to the discount retail chain Aldi -Nord with a regional branch and a large central warehouse, the companies REWE and Lidl are also represented with their logistics centers. In 2017, the British online mail order company ASOS opened its first German logistics center in Großbeeren. The Rieck logistics group is also based in the municipality.
traffic
Großbeeren is located to the east of the federal highway 101, which has been converted into an expressway , and is thus directly connected to the south of Berlin and the federal motorway 10 (southern Berlin ring) with the Ludwigsfelde-Ost junction . Before it was expanded, the main road ran directly through the town. The state roads L 40 between Potsdam and Königs Wusterhausen and L 76 between Teltow and Mahlow cross the community in a west-east direction.
Großbeeren station is on the Berlin – Halle railway line . Trains on the Regional Express line RE 4 Rathenow –Berlin– Ludwigsfelde stop here . The train station with P + R is to the west of the town and was put back into operation with the renovation of the Berlin – Halle line in 2006.
The Berlin outer ring of the railway also runs through the municipality . Here the Genshagener Heide train station was on the border of the municipality. From there there were train connections to Berlin-Schönefeld Airport and Potsdam . The station was closed in December 2012 and replaced by the Struveshof stop on Ludwigsfeld's urban area.
Public facilities
The Institute for Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Cultivation Großbeeren / Erfurt e. V. (IGZ) and the department for horticulture of the Brandenburg State Office for Consumer Protection, Agriculture and Land Management. Both operate extensive greenhouse and field fields. As early as 1925, the then teaching and research institute for horticulture (LuFA) established moor test fields in Berlin-Dahlem . This resulted in the Institute for Vegetable Growing in 1936. The IGZ is the successor to the former Institute for Vegetable Production of the Academy for Agricultural Sciences of the GDR , which researched on improving the cultivation and storage of tomatoes , cucumbers , carrots and cabbage .
On March 21, 2013, the Heidering correctional facility in Großbeeren municipality area, the most modern prison in the state of Berlin with 647 prison places, was opened.
education
Großbeeren is the seat of the college for horticulture and floristry Großbeeren e. V. (LAGF). The inter-company training center for gardeners and landscape gardeners emerged in 1998 from the teaching and research institute for horticulture and floristry Großbeeren / Werder e. V. (LVAG). Since August 2007 it has been greatly expanded with funds from the Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training as well as the states of Brandenburg and Berlin . The new building includes three new workshops, a teaching and an experimental greenhouse and a multi-purpose building with a boarding school.
Personalities
- Johannes Reinhold (1897–1971), director of the Institute for Vegetable Growing in Großbeeren
- Peter-Jürgen Paschold (1946–2013), crop scientist, lived in Großbeeren
- Helmut Barthel (* 1953), politician ( SPD ), lives in Großbeeren
- Michael Richter (* 1954), politician ( CDU ), lives in Großbeeren
literature
- Historical guide, sites and monuments of history in the districts of Potsdam, Frankfurt (Oder) . Urania-Verlag, Leipzig / Berlin / Jena 1987, ISBN 3-332-00089-6
- Theodor Fontane : Walks through the Mark Brandenburg , fourth part: Spreeland . Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin / Weimar 1979
- Lieselott Enders : Historical local lexicon for Brandenburg: Teltow (= Historical local lexicon for Brandenburg . Volume 4). Verlag Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1976.
Web links
- Website of the community
- Brandenburg public transport. A village has been waiting for better bus connections for 30 years on October 12, 2019 on rbb24.de, accessed on October 12, 2019
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population in the State of Brandenburg according to municipalities, offices and municipalities not subject to official registration on December 31, 2019 (XLSX file; 223 KB) (updated official population figures) ( help on this ).
- ↑ Main statutes of the community of Großbeeren from June 28, 2016 (PDF)
- ↑ a b Heinersdorf community Großbeeren
- ↑ Kleinbeeren community of Großbeeren
- ^ Service portal of the state administration Brandenburg. Großbeeren municipality
- ↑ a b Eva Börsch-Supan : Churches as “monuments” of the wars of liberation . In: Uwe Michas u. a .: Karl Friedrich Schinkel. Architect, painter, furniture designer, stage designer and art philosopher (= Die Mark Brandenburg, vol. 61). Großer, Berlin 2006, ISBN 978-3-910134-24-9 , pp. 17-23, here p. 19.
- ↑ Municipalities 1994 and their changes since January 1, 1948 in the new federal states , Metzler-Poeschel publishing house, Stuttgart, 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 , publisher: Federal Statistical Office
- ↑ Jens Leder: The story of Osdorf . Download as a DOC file at natur-land-forum.de/projekte/Historia%20Ostorpis.doc
- ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 1999
- ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2001
- ^ Historical municipality register of the State of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. Landkreis Teltow-Fläming (PDF) pp. 18–21
- ↑ Population in the state of Brandenburg from 1991 to 2017 according to independent cities, districts and municipalities , Table 7
- ^ Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg (Ed.): Statistical report AI 7, A II 3, A III 3. Population development and population status in the state of Brandenburg (respective editions of the month of December)
- ^ Result of the local election on May 26, 2019
- ↑ Local elections October 26, 2003. Mayoral elections , p. 33
- ↑ Brandenburg Local Election Act, Section 74
- ^ Result of the mayoral election on January 28, 2018
- ↑ coat of arms. Service portal of the state administration
- ↑ Eva Börsch-Supan: Churches as “monuments” of the wars of liberation . In: Uwe Michas u. a .: Karl Friedrich Schinkel. Architect, painter, furniture designer, stage designer and art philosopher (= Die Mark Brandenburg, vol. 61). Großer, Berlin 2006, pp. 17–23, here p. 20.
- ↑ http://www.eilersarchitekten.de/haeuser/gut-kleinbeeren.htm
- ↑ http://www.maz-online.de/Lokales/Teltow-Flaeming/Renaissance-Ruine-wird-zu-Nobelwohnanlage
- ↑ Timetable change in VBB on December 9, 2012. (No longer available online.) In: vbb.de. Archived from the original on November 30, 2012 ; Retrieved April 2, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ New Heidering men's prison in Berlin is opened. In: berlin.de. Retrieved April 2, 2013 .
Diedersdorf | Heinersdorf with birch grove , Birkholz and Friederikenhof | Small berries