Drewitz (Potsdam)
The former village of Drewitz had been a part of Potsdam since April 1, 1939 and is now part of the city of Potsdam . With the first documentary mention in 1228, Drewitz is one of the oldest places in the Teltow .
With the new Drewitz district of the same name and the neighboring Am Stern and Kirchsteigfeld districts , the east of Potsdam has experienced a rapid upswing, with the Kirchsteigfeld district, which was created after German reunification with the participation of international teams of architects , being of particular urban significance. The Potsdam plans provide for the joint funding of the three districts. The three districts are often shown together.
Location and natural space
In the order Stern, Drewitz and Kirchsteigfeld, the quarters extend from northeast to southwest from the city limits to Berlin (district Berlin-Wannsee with the former West Berlin exclave Steinstücke ) to the municipality of Nuthetal with its district Bergholz-Rehbrücke . The eastern edge is formed by the extensive forests of the Parforceheide and the A 115 , which, as an extension of the former AVUS race track, has connected Berlin with the Berliner Ring since the mid-1930s . To the northwest, the area of the three districts ends at the route of the " Kanonenbahn " and after their intersection at the course of the Nuthe . The Potsdam district Babelsberg connects to the northwest .
The Stern district includes the actual large housing estate of the same name from the 1970s south of Großbeerenstraße and residential areas north of the street that used to belong to Babelsberg. This includes the old musicians' quarter around Wagnerstrasse and Beethovenstrasse, which mainly consists of one and two-family houses. This is followed by apartment blocks to the east in the Gluckstrasse area, which were mostly built in the second half of the 1950s and 1960s, with some later extensions added.
Many West Berliners are familiar with the name Drewitz from the time of the division of Germany , as the transit feeder to West Berlin branched off at the then Drewitz motorway triangle (today's name: Autobahn triangle Nuthetal ) and because Drewitz gave the GDR control point its name, which it also gave after it was moved to the Kleinmachnow area in 1969 . As a district of Potsdam, Drewitz belongs to the metropolitan region of Berlin / Brandenburg , but the districts have a relaxed, green environment with the Parforceheide, other forests and the Nuthew meadows. The Nuthe-Nieplitz Nature Park joins a few kilometers to the south and the Havelseen chain with the Templiner See to the west.
history
Monastery ownership and Slavic foundation
In 1228 the Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis recorded the entry "[...] villam quandam, Drewicz nomine, super aquam nute sitam [...]". After this entry gave Alverich of Darneburg "the village beyond the Nuthe named Drewitz" the influential Cistercian - Kloster Lehnin in Zauche . The Magdeburg Ministeriale hoped that this donation would bring salvation to his deceased wife. On June 28, 1284, the monastery passed part of the Drewitzer Heide on to Heinrich von der Groeben and his brothers, whose ancestors had founded the village of Gröben a few kilometers upstream in 1170 .
In 1157 the Ascanian Albrecht the Bear had founded the Mark Brandenburg a few years earlier after a decisive victory over the Slav Jaxa von Köpenick . West of the Nuthe lived the Heveller , allied with the Ascanians , on the other side in the eastern Teltow the warring Sprewanen , who had their main castle in Cöpenick ( Copnic ). One of the four Slavic fortifications, the Nutheburgen already legendary for the writer Theodor Fontane , was in Drewitz on the site of today's castle fishery - Fontane researched in vain for this castle on his hikes through the Mark Brandenburg , especially in neighboring Saarmund . The castle belonged with some certainty to the area of the Hevellian castle Potsdam, which was opposite the Nuthe estuary in the Havel.
The name Drewitz goes back to the Slavic period, which lasted approximately from the 7th to the middle of the 12th century. Drewicz , mentioned in 1228, is derived in several intermediate stages from dervo (tree, wood), drevic , drevici (forest dwellers). Finds near Drewitz show that hunters and fishermen settled here as early as the Mesolithic .
Jagdschloss Stern
The Drevici forest was formed by today's Parforceheide, which is indirectly responsible for the name of the new Stern district. The par force hunts , which have been passionately pursued on European courts since the 16th and 17th centuries, required new hunting facilities with paths that were as flat and free as possible in a forest as light as possible with little undergrowth, as the riders had to follow the packs of dogs that carried the game rush to exhaustion. In 1729, the soldier king Friedrich Wilhelm I found ideal terrain in the Parforceheide, which has been called this since that year, and had an area of around one hundred square kilometers prepared for parforce hunt. About seven kilometers away from the royal city palace , a central square was created, from which 16 dead straight double aisles (frames) were cut into the forest, the star .
The Prussian monarch had a hunting lodge built in the forest on this star in 1730, which, according to royal ideas, was at best a smaller country house. Fontane described the Stern Jagdschloss as a "[...] Dutch building, built in a square shape in red brick , with a gable in the front, a hunting horn above the door and an etched star in the central window. It consists only of a dining room, a kitchen and a bedroom, three rooms that have retained their character up to the hour ”.
In the 1980s the castle received a thorough renovation. In 2005, renewed renovation work was necessary in the Stern hunting lodge. In addition to the main building, the old castellan's house, which was probably built in 1714, was preserved.
economy
In the late Middle Ages and in the first centuries of modern times , the villagers lived mainly from agriculture and cattle breeding and fishing in the Nuthe and the timber industry were important. In the 18th century, various manufactories are mentioned for the western district of "Teltower Vorstadt", which - with undetermined localization - were certainly located on the banks of the Havel or Nuthe. One of the mills has been the Potsdamer Glashütte since 1678 (around 1760 after Drewitz relocated). In 1674, the future court architect Martin Grünberg began his career as a scribe in this Drewitz glassworks , and in 1701 he was the first master builder to be accepted into the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin.
With the development of industry in the greater Berlin area in the second half of the 19th century, branch plants soon settled in the surrounding area. There is no industry worth mentioning in Drewitz itself, but a large number of jobs were created directly behind the border in neighboring Babelsberg.
In the vicinity of the former Drewitz train station , still on the site of Babelsberg (Neuendorf at the time), the Berlin “Märkische Lokomotivfabrik Orenstein & Koppel ” built a branch in 1899 with an extensive boiler forge, in which many Drewitzers found employment. The factory, which is unique in Germany, produced around 13,000 steam locomotives between 1899 and 1945 and around 1,500 diesel locomotives between 1930 and 1943 . Under the name Lokomotivbau Karl Marx Babelsberg (LKM), the plant continued production in 1947 - as a state-owned company during the GDR era . In 1964, locomotive construction was stopped. Today there is a business park on the industrial site. The “Drewitzer Lokomotivenfabrik”, which is often referred to as this, was not on the Drewitzer Flur, but in neighboring Babelsberg.
The residents of the three districts primarily find employment in the other districts of Potsdam and in Berlin. In the meantime, in addition to Parforceheide, important authorities and institutions have settled in the Bergstück colony on the edge of the Sternviertel, such as the Brandenburg Ministry of Finance, the Potsdam Tax Office and the Brandenburg State Investment Bank. There are some small and medium-sized businesses, primarily in Alt-Drewitz. With the extensive expansion of the infrastructure in the new building districts, additional positions were created in retail stores, a large number in the Stern-Center shopping center , as well as in schools and other municipal and church institutions.
traffic
Landstrasse 40 runs through Drewitz with two exits. To the east of the village is the 115 federal motorway with the two exits Potsdam-Babelsberg (on the L 40) and Potsdam-Drewitz .
Two tram lines as well as numerous bus lines offer a connection to Potsdam Central Station and the city center of Potsdam. Several lines are also on the move at night. There is a direct bus connection to Berlin via bus line 118 , operated by BVG .
In the north-west, between Drewitz and Babelsberg, is the regional train station Medienstadt Babelsberg (lines RE7 and RB33). It can be reached via several bus routes from Drewitz.
New district and urban redevelopment
The old village of Drewitz, with its core, a church built in 1725 and consecrated in 1732 and the cemetery, is located on the Alt Drewitz road and along the Nuthewiesen. With a few streets the village extends into the new development areas. Due to the newly built quarters Stern, Drewitz and Kirchsteigfeld to the east, the population of this Potsdam region has more than doubled in recent history, around 30,000 people live in the new quarters.
While the new building part at Star between 1970 and 1980 and the new Drewitz late 1980s or to the GDR -time in the bricks were built, was built after the turn of 1994, the mall Stern center (opening October 24, 1996). Kirchsteigfeld, which adjoins to the south from 1993 to 1998, is considered an urban residential area of architectural postmodernism , in which an international ensemble of architects was involved.
Kirchsteigfeld
Under the direction of the architecture office "Krier-Kohl" ( Rob Krier and Christoph Kohl ), this new city quarter for 4,900 inhabitants was realized in one of the largest building projects in East Germany . Starting in 1993, a total of 2680 apartments, schools, daycare centers, sports and leisure facilities, a few offices, extensive green spaces and a church were built on an area of 60 hectares. During the planning and the structural concept, emphasis was placed on a separate settlement identity, including elements that shape the landscape, such as the Hirtengraben. According to the Wiener Zeitung, “Krier represented the idea of a history-conscious block perimeter development based on the classic city models of Europe .” The result with individual and harmoniously coordinated units with a somewhat gaudy colourfulness is predominantly considered successful, a critical voice speaks of a competition for plainness . In front of the residential units, signs point to the leading architectural office.
At the course of the Hirtengraben, which comes from the Parforceheide and flows further into the Nuthe, a wide park strip was created with a newly dammed small lake as a protected biotope at the western end of the settlement. A functioning infrastructure with trade, services, public facilities and a futuristic-looking church by the Italian architect Augusto Romano Burelli in a central square leads to satisfaction with living. The Wiener Zeitung writes and quotes from a presentation of the district at the Vienna University of Technology :
“When asked about the satisfaction with living in the new, heavily green and visibly“ humane ”project, Krier replied with a flirtatious challenge that she was“ disgustingly positive ”for architecture critics. Then it went to the buffet. "
Stern and Neu-Drewitz
Right from the start, the Kirchsteigfeld teams tried to avoid the deficits in the neighboring districts of Stern and Neu-Drewitz. In particular, the Stern residential area, with groups of point high-rise buildings in the middle of five-story apartment blocks, is to be upgraded with intensive measures and funding, with the lack of structure in the residential area being the focus of the measures. ASwimming pool, daycare centers, schools, youth clubs and a children's club were built. Various initiatives such as the “Campus am Stern” are intended to improve the expansion of the socio-cultural facilities through better networking of the three new development areas and the modernization / repair of the open spaces. “Campus am Stern” consists of student groups from the Potsdam University of Applied Sciences , Department of Architecture and Urbanism, and was part of the project in Potsdam's application for European Capital of Culture 2010, which failed in March 2005 .
The overall planning for Potsdam assumes that the demand will increase by 35,000 new apartments by 2015, with one and two-family houses likely to be in demand. In order to meet this need, the three new districts will occupy a central place in the planning and are to be developed as an independent district within Potsdam. Since they are no longer needs-based in their current condition, the planners are forecasting a continuously increasing vacancy rate in the Drewitz prefabricated building areas and parts of the Stern. These problems are to be countered with various renovation measures such as demolition, reconstruction and the demolition of individual buildings and urban redevelopment should take place.
In the [outdated] autumn of 2004, an advisory board for the further development of the east of Potsdam was formed at the zodiac citizens' meeting place, with working groups to promote the merging of the districts. The patronage was the former Lord Mayor and Prime Minister Matthias Platzeck , who was elected to the state parliament as a direct candidate in constituency 22 of the Kirchsteigfeld . In addition to municipal services, the project receives financial support from the state infrastructure ministry.
Garden city of Drewitz
The garden city of Drewitz is to be developed from the existing residential area in the northeast of Drewitz by around 2025 [obsolete] . The project received the award for communal climate protection from the Federal Environment Ministry for its socially acceptable energy-efficient renovation .
literature
- Gerhard Schlimpert : Brandenburg name book. Part 3: The place names of the Teltow . Hermann Böhlaus Nachf., Weimar 1972. (Quotation from the "Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis" page 68, further information according to Warnatsch; derivation of the name Drewitz there)
- Stephan Warnatsch: History of the Lehnin Monastery 1180–1542 . (= Studies on the history, art and culture of the Cistercians. Volume 12.1). Lukas Verlag, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-931836-45-2 . (Donation from Drewitz p. 98, transfer of the Heide p. 342f.) (At the same time: Berlin, Freie Universität, dissertation, 1999)
- Stephan Warnatsch: Register of registers . Volume 12.2, ISBN 3-931836-46-0 . (No. 59 (donation), No. 144 (authentication by Heinrich von der Groeben); also there on the subject: No. 61 (tithing))
- Theodor Fontane : Walks through the Mark Brandenburg . Part 3: Havelland . Nymphenburger Verlagshandlung, Frankfurt am Main / Berlin / Munich 1971, ISBN 3-485-00293-3 . (Quotation in the appendix Gütergotz. P. 442f / To Saarmund and Fontane's search for the fourth Nutheburg see Part 4, Spreeland ) (1st edition 1873.)
- Rob Krier, Christoph Kohl: Potsdam Kirchsteigfeld. A city is born . awf Verlag, Bensheim 1997, ISBN 3-933093-00-7 .
- Rob Krier, Christoph Kohl: Potsdam Kirchsteigfeld. A city is born . Verlagshaus Braun, 1997, ISBN 3-935455-73-9 .
Web links
- Archivaria, Chronology I.2, quotation on the glass mill
- Stadtkontor, new development areas in numbers
- Orenstein & Koppel, history of locomotive construction
- Am Stern - Article at PotsdamWiki
- Potsdam Kirchsteigfeld - KK Urbanism ∙ Architecture ∙ Landscape
Individual evidence
- ^ Portrait of the district on the homepage of the City of Potsdam, accessed on October 10, 2016.
- ↑ village church Drewitz - entry at potsdam-abc.de (accessed on 14 August 2018); u. a. with "The Drewitz village church, consecrated in 1732 [...]"
- ↑ the so-called "Kiezbad Am Stern", see also the associated operator site (from Stadtwerke Potsdam ) or on the district site at Stern-Potsdam.de (both accessed on August 14, 2018)
- ↑ Garden City Drewitz. In: www.gartenstadt-drewitz.de. 2014, accessed September 25, 2014 .
- ↑ Potsdam awarded for climate protection project Garden City Drewitz. In: www.welt.de. September 25, 2014, accessed September 25, 2014 .
Districts: Oak | Fahrland | Golm | Groß Glienicke | Pit | Marquardt | New Fahrland | Sentence grain | Uetz couples
Parts of the municipality: Babelsberg | Bornim | Bornstedt | Drewitz | Kartzow | Krampnitz | Nattwerder | Nedlitz | Mate | Sacrow | Schlänitzsee | Uetz
Coordinates: 52 ° 22 ′ N , 13 ° 8 ′ E