Krampnitz

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Krampnitz
municipality Potsdam
Coordinates: 52 ° 27 '25 "  N , 13 ° 3' 34"  E
Height : 40 m above sea level NN
Incorporation : April 15, 1957
Incorporated into: Fahrland
Postal code : 14476
Area code : 033208

Krampnitz is part of the municipality of the state capital Potsdam (Brandenburg). Around 1700 a sheep farm and a hayloft was built on the Krampnitz (Unterforsterei). From 1752 onwards, several colonist families were settled, in 1771 further colonists were deposited immediately east of the forester's house, from which the later community was formed. In 1928 parts of the surrounding manor districts were united with the community. For the construction of the barracks of the Army Riding School from 1937, part of the area was separated from the district. In 1939 Krampnitz was incorporated into the city of Potsdam, but became independent again in 1952. In 1957 it was incorporated into Fahrland, which was incorporated into Potsdam in 2003.

location

The center of Krampnitz is just under 3.5 km southeast of Fahrland, also just under 3.5 km as the crow flies south-west of Groß Glienicke and about 6 km north of the inner city of Potsdam on the north bank of the Krampnitzsee . The district Krampnitz (no. 123819) is bordered to the north by the district of Döberitz , on the east by the district of Groß Glienicke on the south by the district Sacrow , to the west by the district of Neu Fahrland and in the northwest on the district of Fahrland . The town center is 40  m above sea level. NHN . There are no noteworthy rivers in the area. The eastern part of the Krampnitzsee, which merges into the Lehnitzsee to the south, belongs to the district . The highest elevation in the district is the Rehberg approx. 600 meters south of the town center at 63  m above sea level. NHN . The 41  m above sea level is located directly northwest of the old town center . NHN Black Mountain. The place can be reached via the B2 from Potsdam, Krampnitz junction. The road leads through Krampnitz through to Sacrow.

history

The existence of the (modern) Krampnitz settlement is documented for the first time in 1680. At that time there was a Schefferey (sheep farm). According to Reinhard Fischer, Krampnitz is a Slavic water body name. In the 17th century Krampnitz was a field name ( on the Krampnitz ). The place on the banks of the Krampnitzsee was named after the lake or the corridor. The basic form is * Krąp'nica to plb. * Krąpa , a water body name, with the suffix -'nica for settlement, village. However, the name of the archaeologically confirmed Slavic (and early German?) Settlement on the banks of the Krampnitzsee has not been passed down, there is no documentary evidence. Berthold Schulze erroneously locates the village of the desert village of Hein (en )holz on the Black Mountain, that is, near the center of Krampnitz. According to the historical local lexicon, the desert Feldmark Hein (en) holz was on the peninsula between the Fahrlander See and Krampnitzsee. In the 19th century, the settlement of Neu Fahrland was built on the southern part of this desert field . In the Middle Ages, an army route ran from Spandau via Groß Glienicke, past Krampnitz and around the Krampnitzsee to Potsdam.

Fahrland and Krampnitz on Decker's map series surrounding Berlin 1: 50,000 sheet 4 from 1816–1819

The modern settlement was created in the area of ​​responsibility of the Potsdam office . The inheritance register of the Potsdam office from 1700 contains the following information: on the Crampenitz there is a sheep farm, a vineyard and the heifer's apartment (= sub-forestry). In 1734 the Fahrland office was separated from the Potsdam office. Krampnitz has now been assigned to this new office.

In 1756 only the sub-forestry is mentioned, no more sheep farm. The Schmettausche map series from 1767/87 names the place Krampen. There are no (more) vineyards on this map. Between 1752 and 1761, the Fahrland official Samuel Draing settled some colonist families in Krampnitz. According to the historical local dictionary, however, the colonists were not settled in Krampnitz until 1771. In 1788 a beer tavern on the Krampnitz was granted the right to serve. In 1800 the colony consisted of 10 Büdners. Besides the forest ranger's office, there was also a jug. But only 9 fireplaces (= residential houses) are mentioned, plus the residential building of the sub-forestry department. There was another vineyard south-east of the town center. The sub-forestry department was directly to the west of the town center. In 1803 a new massive sheepfold was to be built in Krampnitz. Subsequently, a Vorwerk was built in Krampnitz by the Fahrland office. During the (partial) occupation of Prussia by French troops, the Unterförsterei was repeatedly looted in 1808 and 1811.

In 1840 the place Krampnitz consisted of the colony and the forester's house, a total of 10 houses. In 1843 the construction of a new path from Krampnitz to Sacrow began. In 1846 a burial place was set up to the northwest, but close to the town center. As early as 1800/01, a piece of forest land was supposed to be given to the colonists for the construction of a burial place, but this was obviously not realized. Until this burial site was established, the dead of the community were buried in Fahrland.

In 1858 the colony (bur) still had nine individual farmsteads with eight residential buildings, and the forestry department stood next to it and somewhat set apart. The colony and the forester's house had a total of 55 inhabitants. The municipality only had four acres of farmsteads, 15 acres of garden land and 52 acres of fields. The colonists owned a total of seven horses and 22 head of cattle. In 1871 Krampnitz had grown to 11 residential buildings with a total of 64 residents.

A statement from 1894 gives an indication of the social structure at that time. At that time, Krampnitz had five fruit growers and farmers, a colonist and farmer, an innkeeper and farmer, an old man and a colonist. There was also a forester in the forestry department. Around 1900 there were still 11 houses, in 1931 there were already 15 houses in Krampnitz.

Krampnitz on the measuring table sheet 3544 Potsdam Nord from 1903
Population development from 1800 to 1933
year 1800 1817 1840 1858 1875 1890 1910 1925 1933
Residents 61 51 73 57 70 56 72 92 101

Communal history

At the time the area was repopulated, the place belonged to the Havelländisches Kreis of the Mark Brandenburg . In the district and provincial reform of 1816/17 this large district was split into two new districts. Krampnitz came to the Osthavelland district of the province of Brandenburg . With the establishment of the districts in 1874 in what was then the province of Brandenburg, the district of Krampnitz was incorporated into district 20 (Fahrland) of the Osthavelland district. Domain tenant Alexander Beussel in Fahrland was appointed head of office and landowner Robert Ferdinand Müller in Nedlitz was appointed as his deputy.

In 1928 the greater part of the Sacrow Manor was combined with the Sacrow parish to form the Sacrow parish. Part of the Sacrow manor district, Jagen 202 to 227, Krampnitz forestry, excluding Nedlitzer wood and Heinholz, a total of 521 hectares were combined with the Krampnitz district to form the Krampnitz community. In addition, there were parts of the Havelstrom manor district (parts of Krampnitz and Lehnitzsee). In 1931 the area was finally 601 hectares.

On April 1, 1939, Krampnitz was incorporated into Potsdam, and on July 25, 1952, it was spun off again. Krampnitz has now been assigned to the Potsdam-Land district. On April 15, 1957, Krampnitz was finally incorporated into Fahrland. Krampnitz was then part of the Fahrland community. With the district reform of 1993 in the state of Brandenburg, Fahrland (including its district Krampnitz) became part of the district of Potsdam-Mittelmark. With the local elections on October 26, 2003, the municipality of Fahrland (including its district Krampnitz) was incorporated into Potsdam and the urban district of Potsdam. Since then Fahrland has had the status of a district, Krampnitz that of a municipality.

Church history

Krampnitz never owned a church, but was always parish in Fahrland. The Protestant Christians now belong to the Fahrland Evangelical Church Community in the Falkensee Evangelical Church District.

Former cavalry school Krampnitz, entrance gate with tower

Cavalry and Armored Troop School Krampnitz (Army Riding School)

see main article Heeres-Reitschule

In 1935, the Army High Command decided to move the Reichswehr cavalry school from Hanover to Krampnitz. The nearby Döberitz military training area was the main reason for this relocation. In 1937 the plans for the barracks were available and construction work began in the spring of 1937. The first units moved into the new barracks area as early as 1937. However, it was not completed until 1939. Although the new barracks site was given the nickname Krampnitz due to its proximity, it was not in the Krampnitz district, but in the Fahrland district. Only a few small marginal parts of the Krampnitz district were added to the barracks area. After the Second World War, the Red Army used the barracks area. The building complex had been mostly empty since 1992.

According to a decision by the city council of the state capital Potsdam in June 2013, the former Krampnitz barracks area is to be developed into a new residential area for up to 10,000 people. The implementation of the resolution is planned until 2024.

Monuments and sights

The list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg for the state capital Potsdam lists the following monuments.

Architectural monuments

  • No. 09156749 Potsdamer Chaussee: Heeres riding and driving school and cavalry school Krampnitz with "officers' settlement", consisting of the barracks with buildings No. 1–4, 6–11, 13–28, 50–52 and 156 (with tower) ; the so-called officers' settlement, consisting of buildings 73-102, 105, 113-135; the road development system with the landscaped open spaces as an overall urban development system.

Soil monuments

The listed soil monuments draw z. T. to the Fahrland district.

  • No. 2053 Fahrland Hall 5, Krampnitz, Hall 1: German Middle Ages cemetery
  • No. 2056 Fahrland, Corridors 4 and 5, Krampnitz Corridor 1: Settlement of Prehistory and Early History, individual finds in the Iron Age
  • No. 2078 Fahrland, Corridor 4, Krampnitz Corridor 1: Bronze Age Hort, individual Iron Age finds, Bronze Age settlement
  • No. 2080 Fahrland, hall 5, Krampnitz hall 1: Neolithic settlement
  • No. 2077 Krampnitz Corridor 1: Iron Age settlement, Bronze Age settlement, Slavic Middle Ages burial ground
  • No. 2079 Krampnitz Corridor 1: Mesolithic rest and work area
  • No. 2081 Krampnitz Corridor 1: Bronze Age burial ground, Iron Age burial ground
  • No. 2082 Krampnitz Corridors 1 and 2: Settlements prehistory and early history, individual finds from the Bronze Age, individual finds from the Stone Age

Web links

Commons : Potsdam-Krampnitz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Reinhard E. Fischer : Brandenburg name book. Part 4 The place names of the Havelland. Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar, 1976, p. 150/51.
  2. ^ Berthold Schulze: New Settlements in Brandenburg 1500–1800. Individual writings of the historical commission for the province of Brandenburg and the imperial capital Berlin, 8, Kommissionsverlag von Gsellius, Berlin 1939, p. 64.
  3. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv Online research: Establishment of colonist families by civil servant Draing in Krampnitz. 1752-1761
  4. ↑ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv Online research: Barring authorization of the Krugwirtschaft in the Kolonistenhaus on the Krampnitz. 1788
  5. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv Online research: Buildings and repairs in the office. Contains among other things: ... drawing for the construction of a massive sheepfold on the Vorwerk Krampnitz (1803). ...
  6. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv Online research: Looting during the war riots at the forest servant in Krampnitz. 1808-1811
  7. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv Online research: Construction of a new route from Sacrow to Krampnitz. 1843-1851
  8. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv Online research: Long lease contract of December 27, 1846 with the municipality of Krampnitz for a Bornim forest parcel of 90 square rods to create a burial site. 1846-1847
  9. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv Online research: Creation of a churchyard for the community in Krampnitz. Inside: hand drawing of the patch of forest land that the colonists from the Krampnitz should be given to a burial place, 1801, p. 18. 1800 - 1801
  10. ↑ Richard Boeckh: Local statistics of the government district Potsdam with the city of Berlin. 276 pp., Verlag von Dietrich Reimer, Berlin, 1861 Online at Google Books , pp. 174/75.
  11. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian State and their population. According to the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. II. Province of Brandenburg. Verlag der Königlichen Statistischen Bureaus (Dr. Engel), Berlin 1873. Online at Google Books , p. 74.
  12. ↑ a b c Lieselott Enders : Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Part III Havelland. 452 p., Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1972, p. 195–196.
  13. ↑ a b Contribution to the statistics of the State Office for Data Processing and Statistics. Historical municipal directory of the State of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005 19.1 Brandenburg an der Havel Potsdam Frankfurt (Oder) Cottbus PDF
  14. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Potsdam and the City of Berlin, supplement to the 28th issue of the Official Journal, from July 10, 1874, p. 3 online at Google Books
  15. ^ Official Journal for the Potsdam Administrative Region, Special Edition No. 7 of October 4, 1928, Municipal District Changes, pp. 317-340.
  16. ^ Church in Krampnitz (KiK) - short concept by Bernhard Schmidt. As of February 20, 2019 PDF
  17. ↑ ProPotsdam: Potsdam new North: Krampnitz
  18. ↑ Brandenburg State Monument List: City of Potsdam (PDF) Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum