Pit (Potsdam)

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pit
State capital Potsdam
Coordinates: 52 ° 25 ′ 58 ″  N , 12 ° 57 ′ 15 ″  E
Height : 32 m
Area : 6.5 km²
Residents : 432  (Dec. 31, 2017)
Population density : 66 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 6, 1993
Postal code : 14469
Area code : 033202

Grube is a district in the west of the Brandenburg state capital Potsdam . The district had 432 inhabitants at the end of 2017 and was incorporated into Potsdam in 1993. Grube belonged to Potsdam between 1939 and 1952.

Grube and Neu Grube on the Urmes table sheet 3543 Ketzin from 1839

location

Grube is located in the western part of the urban area east of Wublitz and Schlänitzsee . The center of Grube is located south of the Schlänitzsee at a lake-like bend and widening of the Wublitz. The town center is 32  m above sea level. NHN (according to the topographic map 1: 25,000 No. 3543 Ketzin). The town center can be reached via Potsdamer Straße through Bornim and Bornstedt, then via Wublitzstraße from downtown Potsdam. The Wublitzstraße (or L 902) continues over the Grube-Leest road bridge (over the Wublitz) to the Leest motorway junction. Grube includes the Neu Grube, Nattwerder and Einhaus residential areas, which are a bit away from the town center, as well as two settlements with weekend houses at the confluence of the Sacrow-Paretz Canal with the Wublitz and the Wublitz (expansion). Some buildings are also in the street Am Bahnhof of the Bornim-Grube train station.

history

The place was first mentioned in 1265, but only indirectly, when an Albertus de Grobe was a witness in a document issued on April 6, 1265. The name is believed to be from a plb. Basic form * Groby , preferably a protected settlement secured by ditches. A Middle and Late Slavic settlement is proven near Grube. Presumably the name was based on the German word Grube in the Middle Ages.

Village history

Population development in Grube from 1779 to 1992
year 1779 1800 1817 1840 1858 1861 1875 1890 1910 1925 1933 1964 1971 1981 1991 1992
Residents 128 142 108 136 113 119 178 223 256 259 228 367 336 260 233 241

In 1530 two Hüfnerhöfe and another farm in Grube are mentioned, probably the two Hüfnerhöfe and the knight's seat mentioned later (again). In 1624 two hoppers, eight cottagers , a shepherd and a shepherd servant lived in Grube. There were four farmer's hooves and four knight's hooves from Falke's. In 1641 the size of the cultivated field was given as ten hooves. In 1663 the four knight's hooves are mentioned again. In 1682 the field mark is given with a size of 23 hooves. Presumably the hooves were desolate, because in 1700 a Vorwerk was built. Six cottagers lived in the village. In 1708 it is explicitly stated that the four farmers' hooves were desolate, in the sense of not being occupied by farmers. They were managed by the Potsdam office . Three of the seven Kossaten positions were vacant. They were also used by the office. In addition to the four cottages, two half-cottages and a cowherd with cattle lived in the village. On the four hooves, six bushels 10 metzes of rye, eight bushels of barley and two bushels of oats were sown. In 1738 there were disputes between the fishermen at Grube and the fishermen at Phöben because of the fishing for Wublitz. In 1745 the population is given as five Kossät and two Halbkossät. In 1772 there were six kossa families and the residents of the Amtsvorwerk with a total of 102 people. Grube probably had a school building around or only shortly after the middle of the 18th century. This had to be expanded in 1782. In 1789 the farm buildings of the Vorwerk and the churchyard wall were repaired in Grube.

In 1776 the Neu Grubow colony was created. Six gardeners lived there around 1800.

In 1800 the population is given as seven whole cottages and six residents. As in 1624, the size of the cultivated field marrow was four Lehnhufen (the knight's hooves) and four farmer's hooves (which, however, were managed by the office). There were 18 fire places (= houses) in the village . The number had not increased until 1840. By 1860 the number of residential buildings in the community and manor district fell to 12. There were 26 farm buildings and two public buildings. In 1894 the four farms had 22 hectares, 20 hectares, 19 hectares and 5 hectares of farmland. The five Büdner owned 5 hectares, 5 hectares and three hectares, two had no arable land. The five colonists in Neu Grube owned 12 hectares, 10 hectares, 8 hectares, 7 hectares and 7 hectares larger than the Büdner family. The only innkeeper owned 6 hectares of land, the master blacksmith 2 hectares and the baker 0.8 hectares. A teacher also lived in the village. In 1900 there were finally 26 houses, and in 1931 31 houses. In 1902 the Bornim-Grube train station was opened.

By 1960, two Type I agricultural production cooperatives with a total of 28 members and 197 hectares of land had been formed, which in 1960 merged to form an LPG. There was also a horticultural production cooperative (GPG) with three members and 8 hectares of usable space.

Ownership history

In 1349 Kylian von der Gröben had a knight's seat in Grube. He had resigned it that year and Margrave Waldemar, Rudolf and Otto von Sachsen and the princes Albrecht and Waldemar von Anhalt awarded the knightly seat on May 12, 1349 to Boto and Friedrich von Torgow, the lords of Zossen. In 1427 Dorothea, the wife of Albrecht von Falke, was taken over by the Brandenburg margrave Johann with a farm in Grube. In 1537 the cousins ​​Erich and Achim von Falke received a fiefdom confirmation over the pit, including the upper and lower courts, bodies of water, pasture, logging, meadows, beden and other taxes. In 1609 Joachim Falke, the son of Hans Falke, was entrusted with the village of Grube, including the upper and lower courts. In 1613 Caspar the son of Erich Falke on Bleddin received the fiefdom confirmation for his share in Grube (in addition to shares in Karpzow, Marquardt and Satzkorn). He died in 1616; his sons sold the inherited shares to their cousin Erich Falke zu Bernau. In 1644, Elector Friedrich Wilhelm enfeoffed Caspar Joachim von Falcke with goods and income in the villages of Schorin (= Marquardt), Grube, Satzkorn and Karpzow.

However, the patronage of the church in Grube belonged to the Benedictine convent Spandau . With the secularization of the monastery in the course of the Reformation in 1541 it came to the monastery office Spandau, later to the office Spandau .

In 1660, Friedrich Wilhelm , the Great Elector, acquired the village of Grube for 6,500 tales from the bankruptcy estate of Caspar Joachim von Falke and assigned it to the Potsdam office. In 1734, Elector Friedrich Wilhelm I separated Grube and Bornstedt and transferred the two places to the Great Military Orphanage in Potsdam . The orphanage's possessions were administered by the Bornstedt Office, which was now created . As early as 1802, the Bornstedt Office was administered together with the Potsdam Office. In 1826 the Bornstedt office was finally dissolved. The Potsdam office existed until the district reform in 1872/74. In the 19th century the municipality and manor district emerged. It was not until 1928 that the parish and manor districts were combined to form the parish of Grube. On April 1, 1939, Grube was incorporated into Potsdam.

Grube belonged to the historic Havelländisches Kreis of the Mark Brandenburg . In the district reform of 1816/17 it came to the Osthavelländischer Kreis . In the district reform of 1952 in the former GDR, it was spun off from Potsdam again and became part of the Potsdam-Land district . The Werder office was created on July 31, 1992 , in which initially seven smaller communities (Bliesendorf, Glindow, Grube, Golm, Kemnitz, Phöben, Plötzin and Töplitz) of the Potsdam-Land district in the vicinity of the city of Werder were combined into an administrative association were. The administrative business of these communities was taken over by the city of Werder (Havel), the mayor of the city was also the official director of the Werder office. With the creation of the new district of Potsdam-Mittelmark and the urban district of Potsdam, Grube was again incorporated into Potsdam on December 6, 1993. It has been a part of Potsdam since then.

The Vorwerk pit

The Vorwerk in Grube was part of the Bornstedt office and was managed by the bailiff in Bornstedt. 1781 Oberamtmann Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Hart took over the office Bornstedt and the Vorwerke Grube and Pirschheide. In 1861 the Vorwerk was leased by a Dänneel. According to Adolf Franz, the Vorwerk had a size of 817 acres in 1863, of which 428 acres were fields, 268 acres were meadows, 70 acres were pasture and 14 acres were forest. The lease contract then ran until 1873. The annual lease was 1,380 thalers. In 1879 and 1885 the domain was headed by the chief bailiff Dömmel. In the latter work, the size of the property is given as 209 hectares, of which 117 hectares are arable, 72 hectares are meadows and 20 hectares are Hutung. The main focus of the economy was dairy and sugar beet cultivation. In 1896 the net income from real estate tax is given as 4,813 marks. In 1903 the tenant was called Otto Bünger, also in 1910. Likewise in 1921 and 1929.

Village church pit

Church affiliation

Around 1500 Grube belonged to the Sedes Spandow of the Archdeaconate Brandenburg an der Havel (Diocese of Brandenburg an der Havel). Around 1500 and 1900 Grube was Bornim's daughter church. In 1900 Grube belonged to the superintendent of Potsdam. The patronage was owned by the Benedictine convent Spandau until 1541, then from 1541 by the monastery office Spandau or the office Spandau. In 1660 it was acquired for the Potsdam office.

The rectangular plastered hall church made of brick was built in 1745/46. It has a retracted west tower.

literature

  • Lieselott Enders : Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Part III Havelland. 452 p., Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1972 (in the following abbreviated to Enders, Historisches Ortslexikon, vol. 3 with corresponding page number)
Official coat of arms

Source editions

  • Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel : Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis A. First main part, XI. Volume, continuation of the Mittelmark documents. Town and monastery Spandau, town Potsdam, town Teltow, town Mittenwalde, Zossen and that of Torgow, mixed documents, namely belonging to the small towns of Teltow and Barnim. 528 S., Berlin, Reimer 1856 (hereinafter abbreviated CDB A11 with corresponding document number and page number)
  • Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel : Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis A. First main part or collection of documents on the history of spiritual foundations, the noble families, as well as the towns and castles of the Mark Brandenburg, 8th volume. 506 S., Berlin, Reimer 1856 (hereinafter abbreviated to CDB A8 with corresponding document number and page number)

Web links

Commons : Pit  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Official website of the village of Grube: potsdam-grube.de
  2. ↑ CDB, A11, document no. XXIX (= 29), p. 204 Online at Google Books
  3. ^ Reinhard E. Fischer : Brandenburg name book. Part 4: The place names of the Havelland. Böhlau, Weimar 1976, p. 125.
  4. ^ Anton-Friedrich Büsching: Description of his trip from Berlin to Kyritz in the Prignitz, which he made from September 26th to October 2nd, 1779. Johann Gottlob Immanuel Breitkopf, Leipzig, 1780 Online at Google Books , p. 520.
  5. ↑ Enders, Historisches Ortslexikon, Vol. 3, pp. 142–143.
  6. ↑ Contribution to the statistics of the State Office for Data Processing and Statistics. Historical municipality register of the State of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005 19.1 Brandenburg an der Havel Potsdam Frankfurt (Oder) Cottbus PDF
  7. ↑ Disputes between the fishermen in Grube and the fishermen in Phöben because of the fishing for Wublitz. 1738
  8. ↑ Expansion of the school building in Grubow (= pit) 1782
  9. ↑ Repair of the farm buildings and the churchyard wall in Grubow, Amt Bornstedt 1789
  10. ↑ Richard Boeckh: Local statistics of the government district Potsdam with the city of Berlin. Verlag von Dietrich Reimer, Berlin, 1861 Online at Google Books , p. 178
  11. ↑ Olaf Thiede, Jörg Wacker: Chronology of Potsdam and the surrounding area: the cultural landscape from 800 to 1918: Brandenburg, Potsdam, Berlin, Volume 3. P. 825–1305, Thiede et al., Potsdam, 2007 ISBN 978-3-00-021100-3 , P. 986.
  12. ↑ CDB, A11, document no. V (= 5), pp. 155/56. Online at Google Books (p. 204)
  13. ^ Ernst Fidicin: History of the City and Island of Potsdam. The territories of the Mark Brandenburg or the history of the individual districts, cities, manors, foundations and villages in the same, as a continuation of the land book of Kaiser Karl IV. XI, 170 p., Berlin, in self-publication des author, 1858 Online at Google Books (p. 90)
  14. ^ Leopold Freiherr von Ledebur: The noble and patrician families in and around Potsdam. Communications of the Association for the History of Potsdam, 5: 55-121, Potsdam 1872 Online at Google Books , pp. 14-16
  15. ↑ Elector Friedrich Wilhelm, Margrave of Brandenburg, enfeoffs Caspar Joachim [von Falcke with goods and income in the villages of Schorin [Marquardt], Grube, Satzkorn and Karpzow. 1644 May 9]
  16. ^ Changes in the municipalities of Germany, see 1993 StBA
  17. ↑ Handover of the Bornstedt office and the works Grube and Pirschheide to the Oberamtmann Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Hart. 1781
  18. ↑ a b Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl , J. Scheu (Hrsg.): Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg with the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz in their history and in their current existence. Scheu, Berlin 1861 Online at Google Books p. 188
  19. ^ Adolf Frantz: General register of lordships, knights and other goods of the Prussian monarchy with information on the area, yield, property tax, owner, purchase and tax prices. 117 p., Verlag der Gsellius'schen Buchhandlung, Berlin, 1863, p. 28.
  20. ^ Paul Ellerholz, H. Lodemann, H. von Wedell: General address book of the manor and estate owners in the German Empire. With details of the properties, their size (in Culturart), their net income from property tax, their tenants, branches of industry and post offices. I. The Kingdom of Prussia. I. Delivery The Province of Brandenburg. 311 pp., Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung R. Stricker, Berlin 1879, PDF , pp. 86–87.
  21. ^ Paul Ellerholz: Handbook of real estate in the German Empire. With indication of all goods, their quality, their size (in culture type); your property tax net income; their owners, tenants, administrators etc .; of industries; Postal stations; Breeding of special cattle, exploitation of livestock etc. I. The Kingdom of Prussia. I. Delivery: Province of Brandenburg. 2nd improved edition. Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin 1885, p. 194.
  22. ↑ Paul Ellerholz, Ernst Kirstein, Traugott Müller, W. Gerland and Georg Volger: Handbuch des Grundbesitz im Deutschen Reiche. With indication of all goods, their quality, their size and type of culture; your property tax net income; their owners, tenants, administrators etc .; of industries; Post, telegraph and railroad stations; Breeding of special breeds of animals; Exploitation of the livestock etc. I. The Kingdom of Prussia. I. Delivery: Province of Brandenburg. 3rd improved edition. Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin 1896, pp. 187–187.
  23. ^ Ernst Kirstein (editor): Handbook of real estate in the German Empire. With indication of all goods, their quality, their size and type of culture; your property tax net income; their owners, tenants, administrators etc .; of industries; Post, telegraph and railroad stations; Breeding of special breeds of animals; Exploitation of the livestock etc. I. The Kingdom of Prussia. I. Delivery to the province of Brandenburg. 4th improved edition., Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung, Berlin 1903, pp. 188-189.
  24. ↑ Reinhold Reichert, Royal Authorities and Chamber of Agriculture for the Province of Brandenburg (Ed.): Handbook of real estate in the German Empire. Brandenburg Province. 5th completely revised edition. Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung R. Stricker, Berlin 1910, pp. 252-253.
  25. ↑ R. Stricker, with the participation of the authorities and chambers of agriculture (ed.): Handbuch des Grundbesitzes im Deutschen Reiche. Brandenburg Province. Complete address book of all manors, estates and larger farms with details of the owners, tenants and administrators, the post, telegraph and railway stations and their distance from the property, as well as the telephone connections, the property property, the property tax net income, the total area and the area of ​​the individual crops, livestock, livestock exploitation, animal breeding and special crops, industrial facilities, courts and administrative districts, along with an alphabetical register of places and persons, an overview of the agricultural and structural conditions of the respective part of the country, a directory of the agricultural authorities and associations, cooperatives and industrial companies, as well as an exact map. 6th completely revised edition. Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung, Berlin 1921, pp. 184-185.
  26. ↑ Ernst Seyfert, Hans Wehner, Alexander Haußknecht, Ludwig Hogrefe (eds.): Agricultural address book of the manors, estates and farms of the province of Brandenburg: List of all manors, estates and farms from approx. 20 ha upwards with information on the property, the total area and the area of ​​the individual crops, the livestock, the company's own industrial facilities and telephone connections, details of the owners, tenants and administrators, the post, telegraph and railway stations and their distance from the property, the regional and local courts, an alphabetical register of places and persons , a directory of the most important government agencies and agencies, agricultural associations and corporations. 4th increased and improved edition. Leipzig, Verlag von Niekammer's address books, Leipzig, 1929 (Niekammer's goods address books, Volume VII), p. 56.
  27. ↑ CDB A 8, Certificate No. DI (= 501), p. 457 Online at Google Books
  28. ↑ Georg Dehio (arranged by: Gerhard Vinken and others; through. And edited by Barbara Rimpel): Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler. Brandenburg. 2nd Edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin and Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-422-03123-4 , p. 442.