Berlin / Brandenburg metropolitan region
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Metropolitan Region Berlin-Brandenburg Capital Region Berlin-Brandenburg Basic data of the metropolitan region |
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| Countries : |
 Berlin , Brandenburg
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| Area : | 30,546 km² |
| Residents : | 6,117,535 (December 31, 2017) |
| Population density : | 200 inhabitants per km² |
| Structure: | 5 independent cities , 14 rural districts |
| Website: | www.berlin-brandenburg.de |
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Berlin agglomeration Basic data on the core area of the metropolitan region |
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Berlin , Brandenburg (partially)
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| Surface: | 3,743.21 km² |
| Residents : | 4,469,439 (December 31, 2015) |
| Population density : | 1,194 inhabitants / km² |
| Structure: | 2 urban districts , 49 urban districts and municipalities |
The European metropolitan region Berlin-Brandenburg covers the entire area of the states of Berlin and Brandenburg . It is called the capital region Berlin-Brandenburg . It has around six million inhabitants on an area of 30,370 km².
structure
The Berlin-Brandenburg metropolitan region is characterized by pronounced spatial disparities . While large areas of the Berlin core city have the highest population densities in Germany and are surrounded by suburban agglomerations, very thinly populated, rural areas follow after a short distance. The Brandenburg state capital Potsdam is the only major city in the Berlin area, and so more than 80 percent of the total population of the core area of the metropolitan region live in Berlin and Potsdam alone . Their degree of urban sprawl is therefore very low. Outside the agglomeration of Berlin , small and medium-sized towns shape the settlement structure. Compared to other metropolitan regions, the population density of 200 inhabitants per km² is below average.
Structure spaces
Since 2010, the metropolitan region has been divided into the three structural areas of Berlin , the Berlin area and another metropolitan area. Berlin forms the core area of the capital region Berlin-Brandenburg, covers 892 km² with approx. 3.5 million inhabitants. The “Berlin area” is a structural and analysis area closely intertwined with Berlin, which, in its communal delimitation, comprises 2,851 km² and a good 900,000 inhabitants. The narrower metropolitan area or core area, consisting of these two structural areas with a radius of around 60 kilometers, form the agglomeration of Berlin . This is followed by the so-called “further metropolitan area”, which consists of the part of the state of Brandenburg that does not belong to the Berlin area. It covers the predominantly rural part of the state of Brandenburg with 26,632 km² and around 1.58 million inhabitants, which is connected to the Berlin area at the district level. According to the model of decentralized concentration that was valid at the time, during the district reform in 1993, districts from the surrounding area of Berlin were merged with districts far from Berlin.
Central local division
The system of central locations in the capital region is threefold: Metropolis Berlin, regional centers and medium-sized centers. The four regional centers are the state capital Potsdam, Cottbus , Brandenburg an der Havel and Frankfurt (Oder) . The 42 medium-sized centers are distributed over a total of 50 cities: 34 monopolar medium-sized centers and eight medium-sized centers consisting of two sub-centers (medium-sized center divided into functions), each of which jointly supplies a central area.
Regional growth centers
In addition to the 46 central locations for high-quality and higher-quality services of general interest, there are 15 regional growth cores (RWK) in Brandenburg as development focal points with supra-regional charisma. In the northern neighborhood of Berlin, Oranienburg , Velten and Hennigsdorf form a growth core. Opposite in the immediate southern neighborhood of Berlin, Wildau , Königs Wusterhausen and Schönefeld together with the future Berlin Brandenburg Airport form a growth core, while Ludwigsfelde and Potsdam each represent their own growth centers.
The growth centers of Fürstenwalde / Spree , Eberswalde , Neuruppin , Brandenburg an der Havel and Luckenwalde are located in the wider vicinity of Berlin . In the south of the capital region Cottbus and Spremberg each form their own, the locations Finsterwalde , Lauchhammer , Schwarzheide , Senftenberg and Großräschen form a joint growth core with over 80,000 inhabitants. In the east, Frankfurt (Oder) and Eisenhüttenstadt together form a growth core and Schwedt / Oder another, while in the northwest the locations Karstädt , Perleberg and Wittenberge together form a growth core.
The largest cities besides Berlin and Potsdam are the independent cities Cottbus with 99,678 inhabitants, Brandenburg an der Havel with 72,184 inhabitants and Frankfurt (Oder) with 57,751 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019).
Polycentric settlement structure of Berlin
Berlin itself is not a monocentric urban space due to its structural and historical development. The center of Berlin consists of the two cores West (also called City West , around Kurfürstendamm , Breitscheidplatz and Tauentzienstrasse in Charlottenburg and Schöneberg ) and the historic center around Friedrichstrasse , Unter den Linden , Hausvogteiplatz , Hackescher Markt and Alexanderplatz in the Mitte district .
In the last few years there has been an increasing spatial concentration of different uses. While City-West was able to establish itself further as a retail location (see Midtown and Upper East Side in Manhattan ), Friedrichstrasse is developing into “ downtown ” through the settlement of international companies, luxury hotels and banks , and the area around Hackescher Markt into “fashion District ”(cf. SoHo in Manhattan) and the area between the Brandenburg Gate and the new main train station to the government district (cf. City of Westminster in London ).
For some time now, these areas have been more closely linked by the rebuilt urban quarter on Potsdamer Platz , which has taken on a bridging function. In addition, there are many sub-centers in the individual districts, which are also divided:
- A centers: Müllerstraße ( Wedding ), Karl-Marx-Allee / Frankfurter Allee ( Friedrichshain ), Altstadt Spandau , Schloßstraße ( Steglitz ), Karl-Marx-Straße ( Neukölln ), old town Köpenick / Bahnhofsstraße, Berliner Straße ( Pankow )
- B-Centers: Turmstrasse ( Moabit ), Zehlendorf Mitte, Tempelhofer Damm ( Tempelhof ), Berliner Allee ( Weißensee ), Schönhauser Allee ( Prenzlauer Berg ), Gorkistraße ( Tegel ), Marzahner Promenade ( Marzahn ), Prerower Platz ( Neu-Hohenschönhausen ), Center Hellersdorf
There are around 20 kilometers of urban development between the outskirts and the inner city, the inner city itself has a diameter of 15 kilometers and is roughly delimited by the Berlin Ringbahn . The Große Tiergarten , a large park landscape, is located in the geographical center of the city center . Around these are the first developments, including above all buildings of the Federal Government , the German Bundestag or intensive uses such as around Friedrichstrasse , the splendid boulevard Unter den Linden and Potsdamer Platz as well as Breitscheidplatz and Kurfürstendamm.
The outskirts are characterized by extensive settlement areas with single and multi-family houses, between which there are again larger settlement areas with urban character. A number of new development areas with particularly intensive use are among them, such as the large housing estates in the east of the city (northeastern part of the Marzahn-Hellersdorf district ) and Gropiusstadt ( Neukölln district ) in the south, the Falkenhagener Feld ( Spandau district ) in the west and the Märkische Viertel ( Reinickendorf district ) in the north of Berlin.
The majority of the cultural institutions can be found in the districts of the city center . Here in neighborhoods there late nineteenth origin before densest development, through an intense neighborhood life is marked. With around 1.7 million inhabitants, around half of Berliners live in the inner-city districts.
population
The Berlin-Brandenburg metropolitan region is characterized by significant migratory movements, whereby the population development in the individual sub-areas of the metropolitan region has been different since German reunification .
From 1989 to 1994 the city of Berlin experienced a sustainable increase in migration. Large population losses were registered in Berlin between 1995 and 2000, mainly due to suburbanization . The move of the core area of the federal government from Bonn to Berlin has contributed to the fact that the population has remained stable since the turn of the millennium and has been increasing again since 2004. However, Berlin is not a centralized capital. A large part of the government employees continue to work in Bonn - protected by the Berlin / Bonn law . Because of this law, around 20 federal authorities were relocated from Berlin to Bonn. As a university city, Berlin is an attractive place to study and live for many students.
As an attractive residential area on the outskirts of the metropolis, the Berlin area enjoyed constant population growth, while the rest of the metropolitan area recorded a significant decline in population.
Overall, the population in the capital region, in contrast to the other new federal states, has remained almost stable over the past ten years (2000: 5.984 million inhabitants; 9/2012: 6.024 million inhabitants).
Cooperation without merging countries
The growing interdependence, especially between Berlin and the Berlin area, has promoted the idea of cooperation between the two countries since 1990. The reorganization into a joint state of Berlin-Brandenburg failed in the 1996 referendum, which did not affect the institutional unification process. Gradually, authorities and courts were merged or declared competent for both countries. In no other metropolitan region in Germany is cooperation in public tasks as pronounced as here. The cooperations include a .: Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg (RBB), Medienanstalt, Medienboard; Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (VBB), airport company, joint upper aviation authority; Joint State Planning Department, Statistical Office; State Institute for School and Media, Social Pedagogical Training Institute, Institute for School Quality; State laboratory, State Office for Metrology and Calibration; Specialized Higher Courts ( Higher Administrative Court , Regional Labor Court , Regional Social Court , Finance Court ), Central Dunning Court Berlin-Brandenburg, Legal Examination Office; German Pension Insurance Berlin-Brandenburg ; Academy of Sciences , Prussian Palaces and Gardens Foundation ; Special waste company Berlin-Brandenburg. Around 100 administrative agreements and international treaties regulate cooperation in the administrative area. There are also numerous clubs and associations from business, science and all areas of society that relate to the entire area of the capital region. In addition, the states of Berlin and Brandenburg have been involved since 2006 in the Oder Partnership , an informal cooperation network between the regions on the German-Polish border .
See also
Web links
- Website of the metropolitan region Berlin-Brandenburg
- Joint state planning department Berlin-Brandenburg
- Senate Department for Urban Development: Berlin's planning authority
- State editorial office Berlin-Brandenburg: Reports on the status of cooperation
- Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg: Statistics on Berlin and Brandenburg
Individual evidence
- ^ Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg
- ↑ Population level 2017 (accessed on February 28, 2019)
- ↑ The Berlin-Brandenburg Capital Region - Planning for the Metropolitan Region and Metropolis ( Memento of the original from September 9, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 8.4 MB)
- ^ Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg: Journal for Official Statistics Berlin Brandenburg ( Memento of the original from October 18, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Edition 1-2007
- ↑ Joint State Planning Department Berlin-Brandenburg
- ↑ German metropolitan regions
- ↑ Spatial Planning Report 2013 ( Memento of the original from April 27, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Planning for the metropolitan region and metropolis ( memento of the original from September 9, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg
