Velten
coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 52 ° 41 ′ N , 13 ° 11 ′ E |
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Basic data | ||
State : | Brandenburg | |
County : | Oberhavel | |
Height : | 33 m above sea level NHN | |
Area : | 23.36 km 2 | |
Residents: | 12,179 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
Population density : | 521 inhabitants per km 2 | |
Postal code : | 16727 | |
Area code : | 03304 | |
License plate : | OHV | |
Community key : | 12 0 65 332 | |
LOCODE : | DE VLT | |
City administration address : |
Rathausstrasse 10 16727 Velten |
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Website : | ||
Mayoress : | Ines Huebner ( SPD ) | |
Location of the town of Velten in the Oberhavel district | ||
Velten [ ˈfɛltn̩ ] is a town in the Brandenburg district of Oberhavel in Germany .
geography
location
Velten is located at the natural transition from the Zehdenick-Spandauer Havelniederung to the Gliens plateau .
Neighboring communities
Starting from the north, Velten borders in a clockwise direction on Leegebruch , Oranienburg , Hohen Neuendorf , Hennigsdorf and Oberkrämer .
climate
The annual precipitation (average value 1961–1990) is 586 mm and is therefore comparatively low, since it falls in the lower fifth of the values recorded in Germany. Lower values are registered at 18% of the measuring stations of the German Weather Service . The driest month is October, with the most rainfall in June. In June there is 1.9 times more rainfall than in October. Precipitation hardly varies and is evenly distributed over the year. Lower seasonal fluctuations are recorded at only 16% of the measuring stations.
City structure
In addition to the actual place Velten, the residential areas An der Marwitzer Trift, Heidekrug, Hohenschöpping and Siedlung am Bärenklauer Weg belong to the urban area.
Hohenschöpping is located southeast of the core city on the Oder-Havel Canal , Heidekrug in the east.
history
From the beginning to industrialization
The first traces of human settlement in the Velten urban area date from around 1500 BC. BC to 800 BC In 1999, ceramic shards of a vessel (possibly an urn) from the Bronze Age were found during construction work in the Breite Straße in the area of Angers , the church and the secondary school . In the time around 600 BC The remains of a baking oven or kiln that construction workers dug up in the Breite Strasse fell.
The place name Velten is due to a name transfer in the course of the German eastward expansion . Around 1180 farmers from the village of Veltheim am Fallstein ( East Fälisch : Velten ) were settled here. The first documentary mention took place on February 24, 1355 when the Markwart von Lauterbach sold Velten to the knight Copke von Bredow . For the next three centuries, Velten belonged to the von Bredow family . During this time, the spellings Felthim, Feltheim, Feltin, Feltein, Feltzin and Feltym appeared in different documents.
In 1750 the evangelical village church was built on the Anger and in 1863 the rectory north of it .
During the Second Silesian War , Russian soldiers invaded Velten on September 10, 1760, pillaged, committed acts of violence and extorted 100 thalers from the population.
Early 19th century was a pure Velten arable village with the typical local Anger , around which twelve Hofwirtschaften clustered. The typical building of this time was the central hallway house made of clay walls and covered with reeds. From 1800 these houses were also built with bricks. In this type of house, the entrance was on the gable side facing the street, on the opposite gable side the cattle sheds were under the same roof.
In 1806, after the Battle of Jena and Auerstedt lost by Prussia , French troops appeared and took the cattle and the church treasury with them. From August 1807 French troops had to be accommodated and stayed until 1812. In 1816 Velten belonged to the newly formed district of Osthavelland .
industrialization
The history of the Velten stove and tile industry began in 1828 . The basis for this was the clay deposits to the west of the village. In 1835, when Velten only had 500 inhabitants, the bricklayer foreman Johann Ackermann had the first stove tile factory built; in 1878 around 22,000 stoves were manufactured in 22 stove tile factories. In 1894 there were already 35 factories with 2,000 employees, and 18 companies were added by 1903, so Velten had 43 kiln factories and ceramic workshops at that time. In 1905 the economic peak was reached with an annual production of 100,000 tiled stoves . With the invention of the white enamel glaze , the Velten tile became a global concept.
In 1895 the Catholic community built the St. Joseph Church in the neo-Romanesque style and a rectory in today's Schulstrasse . In 1890, Velten now had around 7,000 inhabitants, 5,422 belonged to the Protestant and 179 to the Catholic denomination.
The first school building to be built as such was the school built in 1877 at 16 Breiten Straße . The first modern school building was built in 1885 in Viktoriastraße and is still used as a school today. The volunteer fire brigade was established in 1887 with 22 active and six passive members.
Since 1893 Velten was connected to the railway network by the Kremmener Bahn . In 1910/11 the Velten harbor was built and connected to the Havel by the Velten branch canal . Various companies such as iron factories, foundries, earthenware factories, chemical works and sawmills settled in the surrounding industrial area.
During the First World War , Velten was the location of the 5th Squadron of the Train Replacement Department No. 3. Due to a shortage of raw materials and workers, many companies had to stop their production. A total of 280 Velten were killed at the front.
The new town hall , a former power station, was inaugurated on February 5, 1922 . As a result, the municipal administration, which was previously spread over three locations, was under one roof for the first time. In the same year, an old barn was converted into the still existing school in the Breite Straße . On March 16, 1927, the first S-Bahn from Berlin - Stettiner Bahnhof reached the station in scheduled traffic. To maintain the new trains, the Deutsche Reichsbahn had a new railcar hall built. In 1931 the new post office and Poststrasse were built. At the beginning of the 1930s, 15 furnace factories were still producing in the village.
time of the nationalsocialism
In the Reichstag election on March 5, 1933 , the Social Democrats received 1,756 votes, the National Socialists 1,687 and the Communists 1,340 votes. In today's Karl-Liebknecht-Straße, the Adolf Hitler House was inaugurated as the RAD warehouse . Due to the increasing industrialization of the place, the population grew to around 9,000, so that Velten was granted town charter in 1935. At the beginning of the Nazi era, an early concentration camp was set up in the Meisnershof in the Hohenschöpping forest district , which was referred to as the " SA driving school" to cover up the brutal treatment of the political prisoners imprisoned there . In June 1933 it was dissolved - like all early concentration camps - and the prisoners were transferred to the Oranienburg concentration camp . From 1938 there was a training area for the Hermann Göring regiment on Berliner Chaussee on the outskirts of Velten , where parts of the unit were stationed until the end of the war. During the Second World War , men and women from the countries occupied by Germany had to do forced labor : in the companies Felix Deichmann , Borsig , Bergmann and Ikaria . According to the death list, 75 deaths of forced labor rest in the cemetery, with a high proportion from the Soviet Union and Poland as well as Romania , Bulgaria and France . According to other sources, more than 100 foreign dead were buried there at the end of the war. In addition to the forced labor camp, there had been a satellite camp of the Ravensbrück concentration camp since March 1943 with up to 722 women. These were used in the armaments production of Veltener Maschinenbau GmbH Ikaria in Berliner Straße 12b and Havelschmelzwerk GmbH in Berliner Straße 8 and had to assemble aircraft parts, which were then delivered to Heinkel-Werke Oranienburg . On April 23, 1945, the Red Army occupied Velten. In the Second World War 270 Veltener died at the front, and 91 civilians were killed as a result of bombing and fighting until the end of the war.
Post-war period and GDR
On April 27, 1945, a Soviet headquarters was established in the town hall and the new city administration was formed under Max Dietrich. With a few exceptions, Velten was spared destruction caused by the war, but the problems were great. Many refugees from the former German eastern regions were staying in the city. There was hardly any food and school was due to start again on October 1, 1945. Since the Havel bridge in Hennigsdorf was destroyed, there was no continuous rail traffic in the direction of Berlin until July 1946. In Velten, too, as part of the land reform on April 1, 1946, property over 100 hectares was expropriated without compensation and the land redistributed. The largest ceramic factory in the city, the Veltag , was partially dismantled by the Soviet occupying forces before production started up again in October 1945. All companies were expropriated and gradually converted into state- owned companies (VEB).
On August 23, 1947, a serious railway accident occurred near Velten : In a passenger train , gasoline leaked from a canister that was deposited in the luggage rack. It was ignited by a cigarette. The fire spread to a packet of celluloid film and spread quickly. The conductor managed to stop the train. Since there was only one exit in the car in question, the travelers panic. 24 people died, 35 were also injured.
Since the administrative reform in the GDR in 1952, Velten has belonged to the Oranienburg district in the Potsdam district . Until then, the city had belonged to the Osthavelland district. In 1961 Velten had 10,028 inhabitants. After the Wall was built , Velten no longer had a direct rail connection to Berlin. In order to alleviate the housing shortage, apartment blocks were built between Poststrasse / Bahnstrasse / Rosa-Luxemburg-Strasse. Later, from 1984, the new residential area Velten-Süd began to be built using prefabricated panels.
Post-turnaround time
Since the district reform in 1993 , Velten has belonged to the Oberhavel district in the state of Brandenburg, which was re-established in 1990 . On December 31, 2015, 11,766 residents lived here. In addition to the market square in Viktoriastraße, which was built in 1994, new settlements emerged, such as 1994 (Botagsiedlung), 1996 (Am Kuschelhain), 1997 (Velten-Parkstadt) and 1998 (Velten-Grün, Am Heidekrug).
Hohenschöpping residential area
The place, already mentioned in 1701 as Hohen Schepping , was a ship landing stage on the Havel with other uses such as brickworks and later a restaurant for excursions. The Hohenschöpping forester's house was built in 1840. The manor district of Hohenschöpping was dissolved in 1928 and came to the municipality of Velten, a smaller part in the south came to Hohen-Neuendorf. In 1938 the Hohenschöpping station on the Kremmener Bahn was opened to develop locally newly built armaments factories and served by the Berlin S-Bahn in some places every 10 minutes. After 1945 the station was of little importance and was closed in 1998.
Population development
The population development of Velten is closely related to the beginning of industrialization, especially the pottery industry. While only 257 inhabitants lived here around 1772, this number rose to around 500 by 1850. In the meantime, the rise of the pottery industry had begun in 1835, and the number of inhabitants rose accordingly. By 1874 it quintupled to 2,300 and at the beginning of the 20th century 6,924 people lived here. During this time, the originally Brandenburg village was transformed into an industrial town. By 1935, the year the city was granted town charter, the number of inhabitants rose to 9,000. This development is due to the general population development at that time and the further expansion of the Velten industry (now including the metal and chemical industry). Since the population losses in the Second World War were limited and Velten continued to be an industrial location, the population continued to grow moderately and in 1961 reached a total of 10,028 inhabitants. The population growth forecast after the political change in 1990 did not materialize. Compared to the neighboring communities, which in some cases had significant increases in population, the number of Veltens has remained between 11,000 and 12,000 since then. In 2019, a new high was reached with 12,179 inhabitants.
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Territory of the respective year, number of inhabitants: as of December 31 (from 1991), from 2011 based on the 2011 census
religion
The evangelical parish Velten belongs to the parish of Oberes Havelland in the Potsdam district of the Evangelical Church Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia . In 2017, around 1500 parishioners were recorded. The Protestant church and the parsonage are located on Breite Straße, the Protestant day-care center at Mittelstraße 42.
The Catholic St. Joseph's Church in the school street belongs to the parish organizational Hennigsdorf and the Dean's Office Oranienburg in the Archdiocese of Berlin affiliated.
In Velten in Havelring 1, Jehovah's Witnesses maintain a Kingdom Hall for local meetings and a congress hall that is used for supraregional meetings of the religious community.
The Johannische Kirche runs the Arche parish hall at Breiten Straße 90 .
The Evangelical Free Church Community of Velten ( Baptists ) was first mentioned on March 15, 1859. In 1868 it had 71 and in 1949 150 members. The community center at Wilhelmstrasse 22a has been maintaining the community since July 14, 1879.
politics
City Council
The city council of Velten consists of 22 city councilors and the full-time mayor.
Party / group of voters | Absolute votes in 2014 |
Votes 2014 share |
Seats 2014 |
Absolute votes in 2019 |
Votes 2019 share |
Seats 2019 |
|
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Pro Velten | 5,467 | 41.6% | 9 | 5,299 | 31.6% | 7th | |
SPD | 3,571 | 27.2% | 6th | 4,541 | 27.1% | 6th | |
AfD | - | - | - | 2,303 | 13.7% | 3 | |
CDU | 1,749 | 13.3% | 3 | 1,856 | 11.1% | 2 | |
The left | 1,088 | 8.3% | 2 | 1,590 | 9.5% | 2 | |
NPD | 542 | 4.1% | 1 | 649 | 3.9% | 1 | |
FDP | 151 | 1.1% | 0 | 515 | 3.1% | 1 | |
Free voters Oberhavel | 573 | 4.4% | 1 | - | - | - |
In Brandenburg, every voter has three votes in local elections, which he can distribute among the applicants for a nomination or different nominations.
mayor
- 2001–2009: Heiko Manthey
- since 2009: Ines Hübner (SPD)
In the mayoral election on October 15, 2017, Hübner was confirmed in office for a further eight years with 50.9% of the valid votes.
coat of arms
Blazon : "In silver (white) a green tiled stove with a golden (yellow) door and black fittings." | |
Justification of the coat of arms: The coat of arms was awarded on April 15, 1997 by the Brandenburg Minister of the Interior. It is based on the important stove and tile production tradition of the city. |
banner
Banner: "The banner is green and white striped lengthways with the coat of arms in the middle." |
Town twinning
A partnership has existed with the French city of Grand-Couronne since 1968 .
Attractions
museum
The Velten Oven and Ceramics Museum is the only one of its kind in Germany. It is located on two floors of a still producing furnace factory, which was founded in 1872. The museum shows ovens from the 16th to the 20th century as well as ceramics by artists from the Mark Brandenburg: works by Hedwig Bollhagen , the Velten-Vordamm stoneware factory , Haël-Keramik u. a. Four to five special exhibitions a year complement the permanent exhibition.
Buildings
In the list of architectural monuments in Velten and in the list of ground monuments in Velten , the architectural monuments or ground monuments entered in the monument list of the state of Brandenburg are listed.
Historical monuments
- Memorial stone in the cemetery. on Kochstrasse for the victims of forced labor
- Monument from 1951/52 on the corner of Bahnstrasse and Poststrasse for anti-fascist resistance fighters
- Commemorative plaque on a memorial stone in the park Viktoria- / corner Kochstraße for the murdered Velten KPD chairman, damaged by unknown persons after 1989 and therefore kept in the mayor's office
- Memorial plaque on Wilhelmstrasse 19 to the murdered resistance fighter Richard Ungermann. The memorial plaque has been dismantled from the half-ruined house. According to the city administration, there is no information about the whereabouts.
- Memorial stone in Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse in memory of the murdered politician Karl Liebknecht
Economy and Infrastructure
Companies
Velten is still an important industrial location in Oberhavel. Together with the cities of Oranienburg and Hennigsdorf, Velten is part of the regional growth core OHV (RWK OHV), in which the industrial sectors of rail transport technology, plastics / chemicals, metal, biotech / life science and logistics are particularly promoted.
In 1994 the production plant of the Berlin street furniture manufacturer Wall AG (since 2016 Wall GmbH) started production in the Velten business park. The ALBA Group , a Berlin company in the waste disposal and recycling industry, operates the Waste Management Union (AWU). Klöckner Stahlhandel , a Duisburg-based company that operates throughout Germany, has a branch in Velten. The Swiss rail vehicle manufacturer Stadler Rail , which operates across Europe, has set up a service center since 2001 . This is assigned to Stadler Pankow GmbH in Berlin. Individual components are manufactured in Velten and the newly built rail vehicles are put into operation. The global Swedish company Trelleborg AB operates a production facility in the Berliner Straße industrial area . Opposite is a branch of Rhenus Logistics GmbH and not far away is the Buderus branch for Berlin-Brandenburg.
The Tetra Verlag for hunting and terrariums is based in Velten.
traffic
Velten is on the state roads L 20 between Schönwalde-Glien and Birkenwerder and L 172 between Germendorf and Hennigsdorf . The federal motorway 111 with the junction Hennigsdorf and the federal motorway 10 ( Berliner Ring ) run through the city . The motorway triangle Kreuz Oranienburg is also in the city area. The former Velten junction on the A 10 was closed in the course of the renovation of the triangle Kreuz Oranienburg.
The Velten (Mark) station is on the Kremmener Bahn . It is served by the regional express line RE 6 ( Berlin Gesundbrunnen - Wittenberge ) and the regional train line RB 55 ( Hennigsdorf - Kremmen ).
Until the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961, a line of the Berlin S-Bahn led directly to Berlin city center and on to Rangsdorf . After the Wall was built, there was only one island operation of the S-Bahn between Velten and Hennigsdorf until 1983 . The extension of the S-Bahn line from Hennigsdorf to Velten is currently being discussed again.
Velten was the starting point of the branch line to Oranienburg, which was closed in 1969 and has since been dismantled . In addition, Velten was an end point of the Osthavelländische Kreisbahnen until 1963 . This section of the former railway line no longer exists either. Until 1998 there was another stop in the Hohenschöpping district of Velten on the Kremmener Bahn.
Velten is connected to Hennigsdorf and Oranienburg by bus line 824 of the Oberhavel-Verkehrsgesellschaft (OVG) every 20 minutes. Line 807 commutes between Hennigsdorf Bahnhof and Velten-Parkstadt , but the line only runs from Monday to Friday. Line 816 takes you from Velten station to the S-Bahn station in Borgsdorf .
The cycle path network is still under construction, important routes in the city and to neighboring communities are missing.
The city has an inland port that is connected to the Oder-Havel Canal via the Velten branch canal .
The Berlin-Tegel Airport is to the southeast about 25 kilometers away.
education
There are currently four schools in Velten. The Linden Primary School at Viktoriastraße 10 is housed in the historic school building of the boys 'school from 1885 and the girls' school built next to it in 1893. Before 1990, the Richard Ungermann POS was located in the building .
The Barbara-Zürner-Oberschule at Breiten Straße 32 is located in a barn that was converted for school purposes in 1922. Since then, this location has been used as a school throughout. The POS Gustav Gersinski was housed here until 1990 . The school was then renamed Realschule Velten and later the 1st Oberschule until it was given its current name in 2017.
Today's Löwenzahn primary school was established in 1988 as POS Fritz Gabbe and is the central building in Velten-Süd.
After the political change , the Velten grammar school was founded in 1993 , which moved to the new building at Emma-Ihr-Strasse 7b in 1997. On August 30, 2002 the name was changed to Hedwig-Bollhagen-Gymnasium .
In Veltener district Hohenschöpping was the engineering school Hanno Günther , were formed in the electrical engineers.
Sports
The BSG Chemie Velten succeeded in 1989 in football promotion to the GDR league , in which they achieved fourth place. She gave back her license for the newly founded NOFV-Oberliga in 1990 due to a lack of financial conditions. After the reunification, the club called itself FSV Velten 90 and, after bankruptcy, took the current name SC Oberhavel Velten. In the 2018/2019 season the club plays in the Landesliga Nord Brandenburg.
The Veltener RC Empor 1969 plays rugby in the 2nd Bundesliga East. Together with SV Stahl Hennigsdorf 1948 and RU Hohen Neuendorf , which are based in the neighboring cities, they form the rugby stronghold in the state of Brandenburg.
From the 1970s onwards, a lake about twelve hectares in size was created northeast of the city through the extraction of gravel. Today it is used as a swimming lake. There is also a water ski and wakeboard facility that is unique for the region . On January 1, 2008, the Bernsteinsee, which was formerly also called the Autobahnsee, was incorporated into the city of Velten as part of an area exchange. Before that he belonged to Hohen Neuendorf .
Personalities
- Emma Ihr (1857–1911), a trade unionist , lived in Velten from 1887 to 1894, her husband ran the Concordia pharmacy on Breite Strasse
- Richard Blumenfeld (1863–1943), headed Richard Blumenfeld AG in Velten from 1884 to 1930, which is active in the field of clay and ceramics
- Luise Harkort (1886–1966), ceramist from 1924 to 1931 in the stoneware factory in Velten-Vordamm
- Hans Eichmann (1888–1987), painter, lived in Velten
- Erna Gersinski (1896–1964), resistance fighter against National Socialism , lived in Velten.
- Heidi Kempa (* 1941), pop singer from the GDR, born in Velten
- Reinhilde Schildhauer-Gaffrey (1947–2003), politician (SPD), lived in Velten
- Gretel Schulze (1948–2019), cabaret artist and director, born in Velten
- Marco Schulze (* 1977), former professional boxer, lives in Velten
- Martin Männel (* 1988), soccer goalkeeper, played for SC Oberhavel Velten between the ages of eight and fourteen
literature
- Paul Dahms: Velten, A foray through the history of the furnace city. Veltener Verlagsgesellschaft, Velten 2009, ISBN 978-3-9811401-8-7 .
- Kurt Ständer: History of the City of Velten. (Mss.) 2 volumes.
- Monika Dittmar: Furnace town Velten. Series of archive images. Sutton-Verlag, Erfurt 1999, ISBN 3-89702-109-9 .
- Monika Dittmar: Velten. Series of pictures from the GDR. Sutton-Verlag, Erfurt 2006, ISBN 3-86680-012-6 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population in the State of Brandenburg according to municipalities, offices and municipalities not subject to official registration on December 31, 2019 (XLSX file; 223 KB) (updated official population figures) ( help on this ).
- ^ Service portal of the state administration Brandenburg. City of Velten
- ↑ Paul Dahms: Velten, A foray through the history of the furnace city. Pp. 9-10.
- Jump up ↑ Heinrich Harmjanz : Early Alaska conquest in the Brandenburg Havelland (shown using the example of Glin). Berlin 1942.
- ↑ Paul Dahms: Velten, A foray through the history of the furnace city. Pp. 13-14.
- ↑ Paul Dahms: Velten, A foray through the history of the furnace city. P. 19.
- ↑ Paul Dahms: Velten, A foray through the history of the furnace city. P. 17.
- ↑ Paul Dahms: Velten, A foray through the history of the furnace city. P. 22.
- ↑ Paul Dahms: Velten, A foray through the history of the furnace city. P. 49.
- ↑ Werner Bader: Climb up, you red eagle. World hits from Märkisches Sand. Westkreuz-Verlag, Bad Münstereifel 1988, ISBN 3-922131-64-6 , p. 55 .
- ↑ Paul Dahms: Velten, A foray through the history of the furnace city. Pp. 45-46.
- ↑ Paul Dahms: Velten, A foray through the history of the furnace city. Pp. 72-73.
- ↑ Paul Dahms: Velten, A foray through the history of the furnace city. Pp. 79-81.
- ↑ Paul Dahms: Velten, A foray through the history of the furnace city. Pp. 84-91.
- ^ Günter Morsch , Agnes Ohm (Ed.): Terror in the Province of Brandenburg, Early Concentration Camps 1933/34 . Series of publications by the Brandenburg Memorials Foundation, Volume 46. Metropol Verlag, ISBN 978-3-86331-211-4 , p. 85.
- ↑ Alfred Otte: The white mirrors, from the regiment to the parachute tank corps. Dörfler Verlag, ISBN 3-89555-271-2 , p. 16.
- ^ Norbert Rohde : Historical military objects of the Oberhavel region . Volume 1: The Heinkel aircraft factory . Oranienburg, Velten Verlag, Leegebruch 2006, ISBN 3-9811401-0-9 , p. 65.
- ↑ Paul Dahms: Velten, A foray through the history of the furnace city. P. 95.
- ^ Peter WB Semmens: Catastrophes on rails. A worldwide documentation. Transpress, Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-344-71030-3 , p. 120.
- ^ Martin Weltner: Railway disasters. Serious train accidents and their causes. Munich 2008. ISBN 978-3-7654-7096-7 , p. 15.
- ↑ Paul Dahms: Velten, A foray through the history of the furnace city. Pp. 95-104.
- ↑ Paul Dahms: Velten, A foray through the history of the furnace city. P. 110.
- ↑ Klaus Euhausen: The four forest houses near Hennigsdorf (Staatsforst Falkenhagen) (PDF) October 13, 2014
- ↑ Kurt Ständer, p. 329.
- ^ Historical municipality register of the state of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. Oberhavel district . Pp. 22-25
- ↑ Population in the state of Brandenburg from 1991 to 2015 according to independent cities, districts and municipalities , Table 7
- ^ Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg (Ed.): Statistical report AI 7, A II 3, A III 3. Population development and population status in the state of Brandenburg (respective editions of the month of December)
- ↑ EKBO address book , accessed on February 25, 2017.
- ↑ Kurt Ständer, p. 281.
- ↑ Brandenburg municipal constitution. Retrieved June 12, 2013 .
- ^ Result of the local election on May 26, 2019
- ↑ Brandenburg Local Election Act, Section 5
- ↑ Local elections October 26, 2003. Mayoral elections , p. 27
- ↑ Brandenburg Local Election Act, Section 74
- ^ Result of the mayoral election on October 15, 2017
- ↑ Main statutes of 2008 in the Official Journal
- ↑ Image brochure of the city of Velten, p. 3
- ^ History of the Linden Primary School Velten , accessed on August 1, 2012.
- ↑ Paul Dahms: Velten, A foray through the history of the furnace city. P. 48.
- ↑ Paul Dahms: Velten, A foray through the history of the furnace city. P. 80.
- ↑ School named after Barbara Zürner , accessed on May 11, 2018.
- ↑ a b Paul Dahms: Velten, A foray through the history of the furnace city. P. 106.
- ^ History of the Hedwig-Bollhagen-Gymnasium , accessed on February 12, 2011.
- ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Official Journal of the City of Hohen Neuendorf , No. 8/16, p. 10. (PDF)